Podcast
Questions and Answers
What are the manifestations of diabetes mellitus?
What are the manifestations of diabetes mellitus?
- Hypertension, tachycardia, fever
- Muscle weakness, joint pain, fatigue
- Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
- Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia (correct)
What are the possible complications of diabetes mellitus?
What are the possible complications of diabetes mellitus?
- Hepatitis, pancreatitis
- Asthma, bronchitis
- Osteoporosis, arthritis
- Neuropathy, retinopathy (correct)
What is the postprandial plasma glucose level in the case scenario?
What is the postprandial plasma glucose level in the case scenario?
- 380 mg/dl (correct)
- 280 mg/dl
- 330 mg/dl
- 420 mg/dl
What is the HbA1c level in the case scenario?
What is the HbA1c level in the case scenario?
Which of the following is a side effect of sulphonylureas?
Which of the following is a side effect of sulphonylureas?
What is the primary mechanism of action of metformin?
What is the primary mechanism of action of metformin?
Which of the following is a potential side effect of glitazones?
Which of the following is a potential side effect of glitazones?
What is the recommended initial management for the 16-year-old boy in the case scenario?
What is the recommended initial management for the 16-year-old boy in the case scenario?
Which of the following is a characteristic of type 1 diabetes mellitus?
Which of the following is a characteristic of type 1 diabetes mellitus?
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Study Notes
Manifestations of Diabetes Mellitus
- Polyuria (frequent urination)
- Polydipsia (increased thirst)
- Polyphagia (increased hunger)
- Weight loss
- Fatigue
- Blurred vision
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus
- Microvascular complications: nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy
- Macrovascular complications: cardiovascular disease, peripheral artery disease
- Infections: urinary tract infections, pneumonia, tuberculosis
- Diabetic ketoacidosis
- Hypoglycemia
Case Scenario: Postprandial Plasma Glucose Level
- 11.1 mmol/L
Case Scenario: HbA1c Level
- 8.5%
Side Effects of Sulphonylureas
- Hypoglycemia
- Gastrointestinal disturbances
- Weight gain
Mechanism of Action of Metformin
- Increases insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues
- Decreases glucose production in the liver
- Increases glucose uptake in skeletal muscles
Side Effects of Glitazones
- Weight gain
- Edema
- Anemia
- Increased risk of cardiovascular disease
Initial Management for 16-year-old Boy in Case Scenario
- Lifestyle modifications: diet, exercise, weight loss
- Education on diabetes management and prevention of complications
Characteristics of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
- Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
- Insulin deficiency
- Typically develops in childhood or adolescence
- Requires insulin therapy for survival
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