9 Questions
What are the manifestations of diabetes mellitus?
Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia
What are the possible complications of diabetes mellitus?
Neuropathy, retinopathy
What is the postprandial plasma glucose level in the case scenario?
380 mg/dl
What is the HbA1c level in the case scenario?
8.5%
Which of the following is a side effect of sulphonylureas?
Hypoglycemia
What is the primary mechanism of action of metformin?
Increasing insulin sensitivity
Which of the following is a potential side effect of glitazones?
Heart failure
What is the recommended initial management for the 16-year-old boy in the case scenario?
Insulin therapy
Which of the following is a characteristic of type 1 diabetes mellitus?
Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
Study Notes
Manifestations of Diabetes Mellitus
- Polyuria (frequent urination)
- Polydipsia (increased thirst)
- Polyphagia (increased hunger)
- Weight loss
- Fatigue
- Blurred vision
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus
- Microvascular complications: nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy
- Macrovascular complications: cardiovascular disease, peripheral artery disease
- Infections: urinary tract infections, pneumonia, tuberculosis
- Diabetic ketoacidosis
- Hypoglycemia
Case Scenario: Postprandial Plasma Glucose Level
- 11.1 mmol/L
Case Scenario: HbA1c Level
- 8.5%
Side Effects of Sulphonylureas
- Hypoglycemia
- Gastrointestinal disturbances
- Weight gain
Mechanism of Action of Metformin
- Increases insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues
- Decreases glucose production in the liver
- Increases glucose uptake in skeletal muscles
Side Effects of Glitazones
- Weight gain
- Edema
- Anemia
- Increased risk of cardiovascular disease
Initial Management for 16-year-old Boy in Case Scenario
- Lifestyle modifications: diet, exercise, weight loss
- Education on diabetes management and prevention of complications
Characteristics of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
- Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
- Insulin deficiency
- Typically develops in childhood or adolescence
- Requires insulin therapy for survival
Test your knowledge of drug therapy for diabetes mellitus with this quiz. Learn about different insulin preparations, their mechanisms of action, dosage forms, and side effects. Explore the mechanisms and side effects of other diabetes medications like sulphonylureas, metformin, and acarbose.
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