54 Questions
What happens to insulin needs when caloric intake is decreased and physical activity is increased?
They decrease
What is the mechanism of action of biguanides like metformin?
Reducing glucose production in the liver and increasing insulin sensitivity
What is a common side effect of sulfonylureas like glyburide?
Hypoglycemia and weight gain
What is the mechanism of action of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors like acarbose?
Delaying carbohydrate absorption
What is the mechanism of action of meglitinides like repaglinide?
Stimulating insulin release
What is the mechanism of action of thiazolidinediones like rosiglitazone?
Decreasing insulin resistance
What is the primary action of gliptins in regulating insulin release?
Minimizes the rate of inactivation of the hormone that stimulates insulin release
What type of diabetes is pramlintide typically used for?
Both Type 1 and Type 2
What is the primary goal of exenatide therapy?
To stimulate the pancreas to secrete the right amount of insulin based on food intake
What is the primary treatment for hypothyroidism?
Levothyroxine replacement therapy
What is the primary action of propylthiouracil?
Inhibits thyroid hormone production
What is the primary laboratory test used to diagnose hypothyroidism?
TSH (thyroid-stimulated hormone) level
What is the primary requirement for survival in individuals with Type 1 diabetes?
Insulin replacement
Which of the following is a characteristic of long-duration insulins?
No peak action
What is the primary change in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes?
Starting with lifestyle measures plus drug therapy
What is the purpose of a sliding scale in insulin therapy?
To individualize dose based on blood sugar
What is the administration route for insulin therapy?
Subcutaneous
What factors increase insulin needs?
Increased caloric intake, weight gain, and decreased activity
What is the primary advantage of 'tight control' in Type 1 diabetes?
Improving microvascular outcomes
What is the characteristic of long-duration insulins in terms of peak action?
They do not have a peak action
What is the storage method for unopened insulin vials?
In the refrigerator
What is the purpose of a blood glucose meter in insulin therapy?
To individualize the dose of insulin based on blood sugar levels
What is the effect of increased caloric intake on insulin needs?
It increases insulin needs
What is the mode of administration of insulin?
Subcutaneous injection
What is a common side effect of metformin?
Nausea and vomiting
What is the primary mechanism of action of sulfonylureas like glyburide?
Promotes insulin release
What is the benefit of weight reduction and increased physical activity on insulin needs?
They decrease insulin needs
What is the primary mechanism of action of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors like acarbose?
Delays absorption of carbohydrates
What is a common side effect of thiazolidinediones like rosiglitazone?
Liver injury
What is the primary mechanism of action of meglitinides like repaglinide?
Stimulates insulin release
What is the benefit of using gliptins in diabetes treatment?
They minimize the rate of inactivation of the hormone that stimulates insulin release.
What is the primary treatment for hypothyroidism?
Thyroid hormone replacement therapy
Which type of diabetes is pramlintide typically used for?
Both Type 1 and Type 2
What is the primary goal of exenatide therapy?
To stimulate the pancreas to secrete insulin based on food intake
What is a side effect of gliptins?
Runny nose
What is the primary laboratory test used to diagnose hypothyroidism?
TSH (thyroid-stimulated hormone) test
What is the primary advantage of 'tight control' in Type 2 diabetes?
Only helps with microvascular complications
What is the typical starting point for drug therapy in Type 2 diabetes?
Metformin
What is the characteristic of premixed insulin vials?
They contain a combination of short-acting and long-acting insulin
What is the significance of the peak action of insulin?
It is when the adverse effects are most likely to occur
What is the difference between short-duration and intermediate-duration insulin?
Short-duration insulin is faster acting, while intermediate-duration insulin is slower acting
What is the purpose of adjusting insulin dosage based on caloric intake and physical activity?
To match insulin needs with changing energy needs
What is the primary mechanism of action of biguanides like metformin?
Decreases glucose production by the liver and increases insulin sensitivity
Which oral antidiabetic medication is associated with a risk of lactic acidosis?
Metformin
What is the primary mechanism of action of sulfonylureas like glyburide?
Stimulates insulin release from the pancreas
Which of the following oral antidiabetic medications does not cause hypoglycemia?
Metformin
What is the primary benefit of using gliptins in diabetes treatment?
They reduce the risk of hypoglycemia
Which type of diabetes is pramlintide typically used for?
Both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes
What is the primary mechanism of action of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors like acarbose?
Delays absorption of carbohydrates in the intestine
What is the effect of weight reduction and increased physical activity on insulin needs?
Decreases insulin needs
What is the mechanism of action of exenatide?
It stimulates the pancreas to secrete the right amount of insulin based on food intake
What is the primary treatment for hypothyroidism?
Levothyroxine replacement therapy
What is the effect of decreased caloric intake and increased physical activity on insulin needs?
It decreases insulin needs
Which of the following is a characteristic of hypothyroidism?
Brittle hair and expressionless face
This quiz covers the effects and side effects of diabetes medications, including gliptins, amylin analogs, and incretin mimetics. Learn how these medications work to regulate glucose levels and manage insulin release. Test your knowledge of these important diabetes treatments.
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