Diabetes Medications: Gliptins, Amylin Analogs, and Incretin Mimetics
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Questions and Answers

What happens to insulin needs when caloric intake is decreased and physical activity is increased?

  • They decrease (correct)
  • They remain the same
  • They become unpredictable
  • They increase

    • What is the mechanism of action of biguanides like metformin?

  • Reducing glucose production in the liver and increasing insulin sensitivity (correct)
  • Blocking insulin degradation
  • Delaying carbohydrate absorption
  • Stimulating insulin release

    • What is a common side effect of sulfonylureas like glyburide?

  • Upper respiratory tract infections
  • Gastric upset
  • Diarrhea
  • Hypoglycemia and weight gain (correct)

    • What is the mechanism of action of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors like acarbose?

    <p>Delaying carbohydrate absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of meglitinides like repaglinide?

    <p>Stimulating insulin release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of thiazolidinediones like rosiglitazone?

    <p>Decreasing insulin resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of gliptins in regulating insulin release?

    <p>Minimizes the rate of inactivation of the hormone that stimulates insulin release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of diabetes is pramlintide typically used for?

    <p>Both Type 1 and Type 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of exenatide therapy?

    <p>To stimulate the pancreas to secrete the right amount of insulin based on food intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment for hypothyroidism?

    <p>Levothyroxine replacement therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of propylthiouracil?

    <p>Inhibits thyroid hormone production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary laboratory test used to diagnose hypothyroidism?

    <p>TSH (thyroid-stimulated hormone) level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary requirement for survival in individuals with Type 1 diabetes?

    <p>Insulin replacement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of long-duration insulins?

    <p>No peak action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary change in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes?

    <p>Starting with lifestyle measures plus drug therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a sliding scale in insulin therapy?

    <p>To individualize dose based on blood sugar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the administration route for insulin therapy?

    <p>Subcutaneous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factors increase insulin needs?

    <p>Increased caloric intake, weight gain, and decreased activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of 'tight control' in Type 1 diabetes?

    <p>Improving microvascular outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of long-duration insulins in terms of peak action?

    <p>They do not have a peak action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the storage method for unopened insulin vials?

    <p>In the refrigerator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a blood glucose meter in insulin therapy?

    <p>To individualize the dose of insulin based on blood sugar levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of increased caloric intake on insulin needs?

    <p>It increases insulin needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mode of administration of insulin?

    <p>Subcutaneous injection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side effect of metformin?

    <p>Nausea and vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of sulfonylureas like glyburide?

    <p>Promotes insulin release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of weight reduction and increased physical activity on insulin needs?

    <p>They decrease insulin needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors like acarbose?

    <p>Delays absorption of carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side effect of thiazolidinediones like rosiglitazone?

    <p>Liver injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of meglitinides like repaglinide?

    <p>Stimulates insulin release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of using gliptins in diabetes treatment?

    <p>They minimize the rate of inactivation of the hormone that stimulates insulin release.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment for hypothyroidism?

    <p>Thyroid hormone replacement therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of diabetes is pramlintide typically used for?

    <p>Both Type 1 and Type 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of exenatide therapy?

    <p>To stimulate the pancreas to secrete insulin based on food intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a side effect of gliptins?

    <p>Runny nose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary laboratory test used to diagnose hypothyroidism?

    <p>TSH (thyroid-stimulated hormone) test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of 'tight control' in Type 2 diabetes?

    <p>Only helps with microvascular complications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical starting point for drug therapy in Type 2 diabetes?

    <p>Metformin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of premixed insulin vials?

    <p>They contain a combination of short-acting and long-acting insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the peak action of insulin?

    <p>It is when the adverse effects are most likely to occur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between short-duration and intermediate-duration insulin?

    <p>Short-duration insulin is faster acting, while intermediate-duration insulin is slower acting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of adjusting insulin dosage based on caloric intake and physical activity?

    <p>To match insulin needs with changing energy needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of biguanides like metformin?

    <p>Decreases glucose production by the liver and increases insulin sensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which oral antidiabetic medication is associated with a risk of lactic acidosis?

    <p>Metformin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of sulfonylureas like glyburide?

    <p>Stimulates insulin release from the pancreas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following oral antidiabetic medications does not cause hypoglycemia?

    <p>Metformin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of using gliptins in diabetes treatment?

    <p>They reduce the risk of hypoglycemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of diabetes is pramlintide typically used for?

    <p>Both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors like acarbose?

    <p>Delays absorption of carbohydrates in the intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of weight reduction and increased physical activity on insulin needs?

    <p>Decreases insulin needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of exenatide?

    <p>It stimulates the pancreas to secrete the right amount of insulin based on food intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment for hypothyroidism?

    <p>Levothyroxine replacement therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of decreased caloric intake and increased physical activity on insulin needs?

    <p>It decreases insulin needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of hypothyroidism?

    <p>Brittle hair and expressionless face</p> Signup and view all the answers

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