Questions and Answers
Diabetic ketoacidosis occurs when?
Based on the patient's clinical presentation, what should you suspect?
Excessive eating caused by cellular 'hunger' is called?
Patients with thrombophilia are at an increased risk for?
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Which of the following signs or symptoms would the EMT MOST likely encounter in a patient with new-onset type 1 diabetes?
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Based on her medical history, which of the following should the EMT suspect?
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What is the primary visible difference between hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia in an unresponsive diabetic patient?
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Which condition is the diabetic patient at an increased risk of developing?
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Why should the EMT assess for hypoglycemia in small children with a severe illness or injury?
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What should you do when responding to a patient displaying aggressive behavior and confusion?
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What should you do for a patient with confusion and an insulin syringe nearby?
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What should you do for an unresponsive patient with a diabetes history who has not eaten for 24 hours?
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What condition should you treat this patient as experiencing?
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What includes definitive treatment for a patient with a blood sugar reading of 480 mg/dL?
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Type 1 diabetes is defined as?
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What is MOST important when obtaining a SAMPLE history from a patient with diabetes?
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What will MOST likely develop if a diabetic patient with excessive urination and a high blood glucose level is not treated promptly?
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What condition should make you suspect the patient has?
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Which statement regarding glucose is correct?
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Common signs and symptoms of severe hyperglycemia include all of the following, EXCEPT?
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Study Notes
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
- Occurs when insulin is absent in the body, leading to high blood glucose levels.
- Symptoms may include excessive urination, confusion, and rapid breathing.
Type 1 Diabetes Clinical Presentation
- A young female patient with difficulty controlling blood sugar may present with signs of significant hyperglycemia.
- Symptoms include excessive urination (polyuria) and mental confusion.
Polyphagia
- Excessive eating due to cellular hunger is termed polyphagia.
- Common symptom in diabetes when glucose cannot enter cells.
Thrombophilia Risks
- Patients with thrombophilia are at increased risk for pulmonary embolism due to blood clotting disorders.
New-Onset Type 1 Diabetes Signs
- Symptoms may include weight loss and polyuria, indicating uncontrolled blood sugar levels.
Pulmonary Embolism Indicators
- A patient with a history of diabetes and sudden difficulty breathing should be suspected of having a pulmonary embolism.
Assessing Diabetic Patients
- In unresponsive diabetic patients, observe the rate and depth of breathing to differentiate between hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia.
Complications of Diabetes
- Diabetic patients face an increased risk of conditions such as blindness due to damage to the eyes from prolonged high blood sugar.
Children and Hypoglycemia
- Young children may experience hypoglycemia more readily since they cannot store excess glucose as effectively as adults during periods of illness or injury.
Managing Aggressive Patients
- In the case of an aggressive, confused patient holding a weapon, ensure safety by retreating and calling law enforcement.
Insulin Management
- A patient unsure if they took their insulin should contact medical control; administering oral glucose may be necessary if hypoglycemia is suspected.
Unresponsive Patients
- For an unresponsive patient with a history of diabetes, follow airway management protocols first, ensuring proper breathing support.
Chest Pain and Weakness in Diabetic Patients
- When a diabetic patient experiences chest pain, suspect a heart attack and treat accordingly regardless of blood sugar levels.
High Blood Sugar Treatment
- Definitive treatment for semiconscious patients with very high blood sugar levels (e.g., 480 mg/dL) includes administering insulin.
Type 1 Diabetes Characteristics
- Type 1 diabetes is characterized by the absence of insulin production in the body, typically diagnosed in younger patients.
Obtaining Medical History
- For diabetic patients, prioritize recent illnesses or stress when obtaining a SAMPLE history, as these can significantly impact their condition.
Risks of Untreated High Blood Sugar
- Failure to treat high blood sugar levels can lead to severe complications like irreversible renal failure.
Compression Stockings Use
- Compression stockings indicate that a patient may have deep vein thrombosis, especially if they are on blood-thinning medication.
Brain and Glucose Dependency
- The brain requires glucose for energy, similar to its requirement for oxygen, as it cannot store glucose.
Signs of Severe Hyperglycemia
- Common indicators of severe hyperglycemia include warm, dry skin, rapid pulse, and acetone breath odor; cool, clammy skin suggests hypoglycemia.
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Description
This quiz focuses on Chapter 19 related to diabetic ketoacidosis and its impact on patients. It includes essential definitions and conditions affecting individuals with type 1 diabetes. Test your understanding of the key concepts and conditions presented in this chapter.
