Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Lecture at Babcock University
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary cause of Type 1 diabetes?

  • Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic islet cells (correct)
  • Deficiency of insulin secretion
  • Insulin resistance in target tissues
  • Long term damage to various organs
  • Which type of diabetes is associated with an absolute deficiency of insulin?

  • Type 1 diabetes (correct)
  • Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY)
  • Gestational diabetes
  • Type 2 diabetes
  • What is the main difference between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes?

  • Type 1 presents in children, while Type 2 usually presents in adults.
  • Type 1 is not associated with hyperglycemia, while Type 2 is.
  • Type 1 involves insulin resistance, while Type 2 involves autoimmune destruction.
  • Type 1 results from lack of compensatory insulin response, while Type 2 results from defects in insulin secretion. (correct)
  • What characterizes the chronic hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus?

    <p>Long term damage to various organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition results from a combination of insulin resistance and inadequate compensatory insulin response?

    <p>Type 2 diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary metabolic disorder in diabetes mellitus?

    <p>Hyperglycemia due to a deficiency or resistance of insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the natural history stage when a patient has a progressive defect in insulin secretion but has not yet developed clinical diabetes?

    <p>Stage 1: pre clinical beta cell autoimmunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibodies are associated with type 1 diabetes autoimmunity, even though they may be undetected in about 10% of cases?

    <p>GAD: glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of pancreatic β-cells must be lost for a patient to become sufficiently insulinopoenic and develop hyperglycemia?

    <p>Greater than 80%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gene is associated with type 2 diabetes in adults, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>ZRANB3 gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of transient remission (honey moon) in the natural history of type 1 diabetes?

    <p>It is a temporary period of improved beta cell function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of matured insulin stored in vesicles?

    <p>Increases glucose uptake by tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule allows glucose to enter the islet cell?

    <p>GLUT-2 molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does insulin do to lipid synthesis?

    <p>Promotes lipid synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which environmental factor is NOT associated with the etiology of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?

    <p>Excessive sugar consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common clinical presentation of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?

    <p>Polyuria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might be a consequence of frequent nocturia in a child with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?

    <p>Disruption of class work in school</p> Signup and view all the answers

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