17 Questions
What is the primary cause of Type 1 diabetes?
Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic islet cells
Which type of diabetes is associated with an absolute deficiency of insulin?
Type 1 diabetes
What is the main difference between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes?
Type 1 results from lack of compensatory insulin response, while Type 2 results from defects in insulin secretion.
What characterizes the chronic hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus?
Long term damage to various organs
Which condition results from a combination of insulin resistance and inadequate compensatory insulin response?
Type 2 diabetes
What is the primary metabolic disorder in diabetes mellitus?
Hyperglycemia due to a deficiency or resistance of insulin
What is the natural history stage when a patient has a progressive defect in insulin secretion but has not yet developed clinical diabetes?
Stage 1: pre clinical beta cell autoimmunity
Which antibodies are associated with type 1 diabetes autoimmunity, even though they may be undetected in about 10% of cases?
GAD: glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies
What percentage of pancreatic β-cells must be lost for a patient to become sufficiently insulinopoenic and develop hyperglycemia?
Greater than 80%
Which gene is associated with type 2 diabetes in adults, as mentioned in the text?
ZRANB3 gene
What is the significance of transient remission (honey moon) in the natural history of type 1 diabetes?
It is a temporary period of improved beta cell function
What is the function of matured insulin stored in vesicles?
Increases glucose uptake by tissues
Which molecule allows glucose to enter the islet cell?
GLUT-2 molecule
What does insulin do to lipid synthesis?
Promotes lipid synthesis
Which environmental factor is NOT associated with the etiology of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?
Excessive sugar consumption
What is a common clinical presentation of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?
Polyuria
What might be a consequence of frequent nocturia in a child with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?
Disruption of class work in school
Learn about the basic definition, classification, diagnostic criteria, features in children, treatment, and complications of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Understand the pathogenesis of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) and its identification and treatment.
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