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Questions and Answers
Which of the following sequences correctly describes the physiological process initiated by insulin deficiency in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?
Which of the following sequences correctly describes the physiological process initiated by insulin deficiency in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?
- Hyperglycemia → Hypovolemia → Osmotic diuresis → Hyperosmolality
- Insulin deficiency → Hyperglycemia → Hyperosmolality → Osmotic diuresis (correct)
- Hyperosmolality → Insulin deficiency → Hyperglycemia → Hypovolemia
- Hypovolemia → Acute kidney injury → Insulin deficiency → Electrolyte loss
What potential complication arises from hypovolemia in patients experiencing diabetic ketoacidosis?
What potential complication arises from hypovolemia in patients experiencing diabetic ketoacidosis?
- Acute kidney injury (correct)
- Acute respiratory failure
- Electrolyte imbalance
- Cerebral edema
Which condition is most commonly associated with diabetic ketoacidosis?
Which condition is most commonly associated with diabetic ketoacidosis?
- Protein deficiency
- Gestational diabetes
- Type 2 diabetes mellitus
- Type 1 diabetes mellitus (correct)
Which of the following statements about osmotic diuresis in DKA is correct?
Which of the following statements about osmotic diuresis in DKA is correct?
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What is a possible consequence of hyperosmolality in the context of DKA?
What is a possible consequence of hyperosmolality in the context of DKA?
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Study Notes
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
- Primarily affects patients with type 1 diabetes.
- Insulin deficiency leads to increased glucose levels (hyperglycemia).
- Hyperglycemia results in hyperosmolality, driving osmotic diuresis.
- Osmotic diuresis causes significant loss of electrolytes and fluid.
- Fluid loss leads to hypovolemia, which reduces blood volume and pressure.
- Hypovolemia can cause acute kidney injury (AKI) due to decreased renal blood flow.
- Complications from severe hypovolemia may include hypovolemic shock.
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