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Diabetic Ketoacidosis Overview

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following sequences correctly describes the physiological process initiated by insulin deficiency in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?

Hyperglycemia → Hypovolemia → Osmotic diuresis → Hyperosmolality

Insulin deficiency → Hyperglycemia → Hyperosmolality → Osmotic diuresis (correct)

Hyperosmolality → Insulin deficiency → Hyperglycemia → Hypovolemia

Hypovolemia → Acute kidney injury → Insulin deficiency → Electrolyte loss

What potential complication arises from hypovolemia in patients experiencing diabetic ketoacidosis?

Acute kidney injury (correct)

Acute respiratory failure

Electrolyte imbalance

Cerebral edema

Which condition is most commonly associated with diabetic ketoacidosis?

Protein deficiency

Gestational diabetes

Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (correct)

Which of the following statements about osmotic diuresis in DKA is correct?

<p>It results from high glucose levels attracting water in the renal tubules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible consequence of hyperosmolality in the context of DKA?

<p>Osmotic diuresis and electrolyte loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

Primarily affects patients with type 1 diabetes.
Insulin deficiency leads to increased glucose levels (hyperglycemia).
Hyperglycemia results in hyperosmolality, driving osmotic diuresis.
Osmotic diuresis causes significant loss of electrolytes and fluid.
Fluid loss leads to hypovolemia, which reduces blood volume and pressure.
Hypovolemia can cause acute kidney injury (AKI) due to decreased renal blood flow.
Complications from severe hypovolemia may include hypovolemic shock.

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Description

This quiz focuses on Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA), primarily affecting patients with type 1 diabetes. It covers the causes, complications, and physiological impacts of DKA, such as insulin deficiency, hyperglycemia, and the resulting hypovolemia. Understand the importance of electrolyte balance and the risk of acute kidney injury in DKA cases.