Type 1 Diabetes and Diabetic Ketoacidosis
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Questions and Answers

What is the main purpose of aldosterone in the body?

  • Enhance muscle growth
  • Promote water retention (correct)
  • Reduce blood pressure
  • Increase potassium excretion

    • Which condition is characterized by the inability to excrete dilute fluids and retaining excessive fluids?

  • Central Diabetes Insipidus
  • SIADH (correct)
  • Addison's Disease
  • Pheochromocytoma

    • What is the recommended treatment for Diabetes Insipidus caused by injury to the hypothalamus or pituitary gland?

  • Dessopressin
  • Desmopressin (correct)
  • Thiazide diuretics
  • Loop diuretics

    • Which symptom is NOT associated with Addison's Disease?

    <p>High blood pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What nursing diagnosis is associated with Hyperaldosteronism?

    <p>Monitor electrolytes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of Diabetes Insipidus characterized by head trauma?

    <p>Head trauma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone deficiency leads to the excretion of dilute urine in Diabetes Insipidus?

    <p>ADH (vasopressin) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of administering synthetic ACTH in the treatment of adrenal insufficiency?

    <p>To stimulate cortisol production (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is a key indicator of Addisonian crisis in patients with adrenal insufficiency?

    <p>Fever (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Diabetes Insipidus, what is the main reason behind the intense thirst experienced by patients?

    <p>Inability to concentrate urine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnostic test is typically conducted for confirming the diagnosis of central Diabetes Insipidus?

    <p>Fluid deprivation test (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended initial treatment for Diabetes Insipidus not caused by head trauma?

    <p>Desmopressin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Hyperaldosteronism, what is the primary reason behind the development of hypokalemia?

    <p>Excess sodium excretion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of administering high doses of hydrocortisone in the treatment of adrenal insufficiency?

    <p>To improve glucose metabolism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor thought to contribute to the destruction of pancreatic beta cells in Type 1 Diabetes?

    <p>Genetic, immunologic, and environmental factors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which metabolic derangement is NOT a major concern in Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)?

    <p>Hypokalemia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age group is more prone to Type 2 Diabetes according to the text?

    <p>People aged 30 and older (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of Type 2 Diabetes mentioned in the text?

    <p>Impaired insulin secretion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During stress events like shock or infection, what metabolic condition can occur in individuals with type 2 Diabetes?

    <p>Hyperglycemia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following manifestations is NOT associated with hyperglycemia?

    <p>Hypotension (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of insulin in the body?

    <p>Facilitate glucose uptake by muscle cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of insulin can be administered intravenously?

    <p>Regular insulin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of insulin pumps used for continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion?

    <p>Carry a higher risk of infection in insertion sites (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the insulin delivery device 'Jet injectors' is true?

    <p>May cause bruising at the injection site (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended glucose target range for patients in a hospital setting?

    <p>140-180 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which body areas are identified as appropriate sites for insulin injections?

    <p>Abdomen and thighs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key complication associated with Biguanides like metformin?

    <p>Lactic acidosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of rotating injection sites for insulin administration?

    <p>To prevent lipodystrophy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should prefilled syringes with insulin be stored with the needle in an upright position?

    <p>To avoid clogging of the needle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which manifestation is NOT associated with hypoglycemia?

    <p>Headache (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended emergency measure for a patient with blood sugar below 54mg/dL who is unconscious and unable to swallow?

    <p>Subcutaneous injection of 1mg glucagon (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnostic test is used to assess glucose compliance over the last 3 months?

    <p>Hemoglobin A1C assessment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary complication associated with macrovascular disease in diabetes?

    <p>Occlusive peripheral arterial disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment for diabetic retinopathy to prevent vision loss?

    <p>Smoking cessation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key manifestation of hypokalemia in patients with hyperglycemia?

    <p>Orthostatic hypotension (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which intervention is crucial to reverse acidosis in hyperglycemic patients?

    <p>Insulin infusion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to monitor serum bicarbonate levels during the treatment of hyperglycemia?

    <p>To ensure adequate acid-base balance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Gestational Diabetes differ from Type 2 Diabetes?

    <p>Onset during pregnancy only (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What dietary guideline is recommended for individuals managing diabetes?

    <p>Moderate carbohydrate intake (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nursing diagnosis is most appropriate for a patient post-thyroidectomy due to the risk of specific complications?

    <p>Risk for hemorrhage and hypocalcemia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason behind the formation of kidney stones in patients with hyperparathyroidism?

    <p>Increase in serum calcium levels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which intervention is crucial in preventing falls for patients with hypercalcemia?

    <p>Implementing fall precautions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom associated with long-term use of corticosteroids on the skin?

    <p>Formation of cataracts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which manifestation is NOT associated with central hypothyroidism?

    <p>Increased metabolic rate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference in laboratory values between hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism?

    <p>Low TSH and high free T4 in hyperthyroidism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment is NOT recommended for Graves disease?

    <p>Thyroidectomy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is a key indicator of thyrotoxicosis?

    <p>Tachycardia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of central hypothyroidism?

    <p>Pituitary failure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of Addison's Disease?

    <p>Autoimmune disorder (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is NOT associated with Diabetes Insipidus?

    <p>Hyperkalemia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of using desmopressin in the treatment of Diabetes Insipidus?

    <p>To prevent dilute urine excretion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary manifestation of Hyperaldosteronism?

    <p>Hypokalemia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended nursing intervention for a patient experiencing Addisonian crisis?

    <p>Monitor blood pressure and electrolytes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary metabolic derangement seen in Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)?

    <p>Metabolic acidosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is not typically associated with Type 1 Diabetes?

    <p>Insulin resistance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes concerning Diabetic Ketoacidosis?

    <p>DKA does not usually occur in Type 2 Diabetes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which underlying factor contributes more to the development of Type 1 Diabetes compared to Type 2?

    <p>Genetic factors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key indicator that distinguishes Type 2 Diabetes from Type 1 Diabetes?

    <p>Insulin resistance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common manifestation of hypoglycemia, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Blurred vision (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which assessment finding indicates a patient may be experiencing hypoglycemia?

    <p>Decreased blood sugar levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What intervention is recommended for a patient with blood sugar below 54mg/dL who is unconscious and unable to swallow?

    <p>50 to 100mL dextrose 50% IV (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnostic test is used to assess glucose compliance over the last 3 months?

    <p>Hemoglobin A1C assessment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key complication associated with macrovascular disease in patients with diabetes?

    <p>Coronary artery disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended glucose target range for patients in a hospital setting?

    <p>140-180 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of insulin secreted by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans?

    <p>Facilitate glucose uptake by cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which insulin should be drawn first when mixing rapid/short-acting insulin with longer-acting insulin?

    <p>Rapid-acting insulin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of insulin requires that patients should eat no more than 5 to 15 minutes after injection?

    <p>Rapid-acting insulin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between insulin pens and jet injectors as insulin delivery devices?

    <p>Insulin pens deliver insulin through the skin under pressure. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the appropriate sites for insulin injections typically located?

    <p>Thighs or abdomen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main complication associated with Biguanides like metformin?

    <p>Lactic acidosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main feature of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion using insulin pumps?

    <p>Automatically adjusts insulin delivery based on carbohydrate consumption (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it crucial to assess glucose levels regularly in patients using continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion with pumps?

    <p>To adjust the dose of basal insulin accordingly (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should prefilled syringes with insulin be stored with the needle in an upright position?

    <p>To prevent clogging of the needle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of central hypothyroidism?

    <p>Inadequate TSH production by the hypothalamus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which manifestation is NOT typically associated with hyperthyroidism?

    <p>Weight gain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best treatment option for Graves disease?

    <p>Radioactive iodine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnostic test confirms the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism?

    <p>Increased radioactive iodine uptake (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to monitor signs of cardiac dysfunction in patients receiving levothyroxine?

    <p>To stop medication in case of adverse effects (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which manifestation is a common sign of acidosis in hyperglycemic patients?

    <p>Fruity breath (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical serum bicarbonate level range in hyperglycemic patients with acidosis?

    <p>0-15 mEq/L (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which electrolyte imbalance is commonly observed in hyperglycemic patients experiencing dehydration?

    <p>Low potassium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended fluid replacement rate for hyperglycemic patients with dehydration who are receiving Normal Saline (NS)?

    <p>0.5-1 L per hour (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant intervention to prevent declines in glucose levels in hyperglycemic patients during treatment?

    <p>Adding more glucose to the IV solution (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary manifestation of a thyroid storm that differentiates it from hyperthyroidism?

    <p>Hyperpyrexia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side effect associated with long-term use of corticosteroids on the skin?

    <p>Hyperpigmentation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common symptom associated with hyperparathyroidism?

    <p>Hypercalcemia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnostic test is typically conducted for confirming the diagnosis of Pheochromocytoma?

    <p>Cortisol and aldosterone test (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of Addison's Disease?

    <p>Autoimmune disorder (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnostic test is typically conducted for confirming the diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism?

    <p>Serum calcium level measurement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary intervention for a patient experiencing tetany due to hypoparathyroidism?

    <p>Intravenous calcium administration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is commonly used for the treatment of Hyperaldosteronism to manage hypertension?

    <p>Spironolactone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main complication associated with hypercalcemia in patients with hyperparathyroidism?

    <p>Renal calculi (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nursing intervention is crucial in preventing falls for patients with fluid imbalance due to Addison's Disease?

    <p>Monitoring electrolytes closely (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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