93 Questions
What is the main purpose of aldosterone in the body?
Promote water retention
Which condition is characterized by the inability to excrete dilute fluids and retaining excessive fluids?
SIADH
What is the recommended treatment for Diabetes Insipidus caused by injury to the hypothalamus or pituitary gland?
Desmopressin
Which symptom is NOT associated with Addison's Disease?
High blood pressure
What nursing diagnosis is associated with Hyperaldosteronism?
Monitor electrolytes
What is the primary cause of Diabetes Insipidus characterized by head trauma?
Head trauma
Which hormone deficiency leads to the excretion of dilute urine in Diabetes Insipidus?
ADH (vasopressin)
What is the primary purpose of administering synthetic ACTH in the treatment of adrenal insufficiency?
To stimulate cortisol production
Which symptom is a key indicator of Addisonian crisis in patients with adrenal insufficiency?
Fever
In Diabetes Insipidus, what is the main reason behind the intense thirst experienced by patients?
Inability to concentrate urine
Which diagnostic test is typically conducted for confirming the diagnosis of central Diabetes Insipidus?
Fluid deprivation test
What is the recommended initial treatment for Diabetes Insipidus not caused by head trauma?
Desmopressin
In Hyperaldosteronism, what is the primary reason behind the development of hypokalemia?
Excess sodium excretion
What is the main purpose of administering high doses of hydrocortisone in the treatment of adrenal insufficiency?
To improve glucose metabolism
What is the primary factor thought to contribute to the destruction of pancreatic beta cells in Type 1 Diabetes?
Genetic, immunologic, and environmental factors
Which metabolic derangement is NOT a major concern in Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)?
Hypokalemia
Which age group is more prone to Type 2 Diabetes according to the text?
People aged 30 and older
What is the primary characteristic of Type 2 Diabetes mentioned in the text?
Impaired insulin secretion
During stress events like shock or infection, what metabolic condition can occur in individuals with type 2 Diabetes?
Hyperglycemia
Which of the following manifestations is NOT associated with hyperglycemia?
Hypotension
What is the main function of insulin in the body?
Facilitate glucose uptake by muscle cells
Which type of insulin can be administered intravenously?
Regular insulin
What is a characteristic of insulin pumps used for continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion?
Carry a higher risk of infection in insertion sites
Which statement about the insulin delivery device 'Jet injectors' is true?
May cause bruising at the injection site
What is the recommended glucose target range for patients in a hospital setting?
140-180
Which body areas are identified as appropriate sites for insulin injections?
Abdomen and thighs
What is the key complication associated with Biguanides like metformin?
Lactic acidosis
What is the primary purpose of rotating injection sites for insulin administration?
To prevent lipodystrophy
Why should prefilled syringes with insulin be stored with the needle in an upright position?
To avoid clogging of the needle
Which manifestation is NOT associated with hypoglycemia?
Headache
What is the recommended emergency measure for a patient with blood sugar below 54mg/dL who is unconscious and unable to swallow?
Subcutaneous injection of 1mg glucagon
Which diagnostic test is used to assess glucose compliance over the last 3 months?
Hemoglobin A1C assessment
What is the primary complication associated with macrovascular disease in diabetes?
Occlusive peripheral arterial disease
What is the recommended treatment for diabetic retinopathy to prevent vision loss?
Smoking cessation
What is a key manifestation of hypokalemia in patients with hyperglycemia?
Orthostatic hypotension
Which intervention is crucial to reverse acidosis in hyperglycemic patients?
Insulin infusion
Why is it important to monitor serum bicarbonate levels during the treatment of hyperglycemia?
To ensure adequate acid-base balance
How does Gestational Diabetes differ from Type 2 Diabetes?
Onset during pregnancy only
What dietary guideline is recommended for individuals managing diabetes?
Moderate carbohydrate intake
Which nursing diagnosis is most appropriate for a patient post-thyroidectomy due to the risk of specific complications?
Risk for hemorrhage and hypocalcemia
What is the main reason behind the formation of kidney stones in patients with hyperparathyroidism?
Increase in serum calcium levels
Which intervention is crucial in preventing falls for patients with hypercalcemia?
Implementing fall precautions
What is a common symptom associated with long-term use of corticosteroids on the skin?
Formation of cataracts
Which manifestation is NOT associated with central hypothyroidism?
Increased metabolic rate
What is the primary difference in laboratory values between hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism?
Low TSH and high free T4 in hyperthyroidism
Which treatment is NOT recommended for Graves disease?
Thyroidectomy
Which symptom is a key indicator of thyrotoxicosis?
Tachycardia
What is the main cause of central hypothyroidism?
Pituitary failure
What is the primary cause of Addison's Disease?
Autoimmune disorder
Which symptom is NOT associated with Diabetes Insipidus?
Hyperkalemia
What is the main purpose of using desmopressin in the treatment of Diabetes Insipidus?
To prevent dilute urine excretion
What is the primary manifestation of Hyperaldosteronism?
Hypokalemia
What is the recommended nursing intervention for a patient experiencing Addisonian crisis?
Monitor blood pressure and electrolytes
What is the primary metabolic derangement seen in Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)?
Metabolic acidosis
Which symptom is not typically associated with Type 1 Diabetes?
Insulin resistance
What is the main difference between Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes concerning Diabetic Ketoacidosis?
DKA does not usually occur in Type 2 Diabetes
Which underlying factor contributes more to the development of Type 1 Diabetes compared to Type 2?
Genetic factors
What is a key indicator that distinguishes Type 2 Diabetes from Type 1 Diabetes?
Insulin resistance
What is a common manifestation of hypoglycemia, as mentioned in the text?
Blurred vision
Which assessment finding indicates a patient may be experiencing hypoglycemia?
Decreased blood sugar levels
What intervention is recommended for a patient with blood sugar below 54mg/dL who is unconscious and unable to swallow?
50 to 100mL dextrose 50% IV
Which diagnostic test is used to assess glucose compliance over the last 3 months?
Hemoglobin A1C assessment
What is a key complication associated with macrovascular disease in patients with diabetes?
Coronary artery disease
What is the recommended glucose target range for patients in a hospital setting?
140-180
What is the primary function of insulin secreted by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans?
Facilitate glucose uptake by cells
Which insulin should be drawn first when mixing rapid/short-acting insulin with longer-acting insulin?
Rapid-acting insulin
Which type of insulin requires that patients should eat no more than 5 to 15 minutes after injection?
Rapid-acting insulin
What is the key difference between insulin pens and jet injectors as insulin delivery devices?
Insulin pens deliver insulin through the skin under pressure.
Where are the appropriate sites for insulin injections typically located?
Thighs or abdomen
What is the main complication associated with Biguanides like metformin?
Lactic acidosis
What is the main feature of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion using insulin pumps?
Automatically adjusts insulin delivery based on carbohydrate consumption
Why is it crucial to assess glucose levels regularly in patients using continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion with pumps?
To adjust the dose of basal insulin accordingly
Why should prefilled syringes with insulin be stored with the needle in an upright position?
To prevent clogging of the needle
What is the primary cause of central hypothyroidism?
Inadequate TSH production by the hypothalamus
Which manifestation is NOT typically associated with hyperthyroidism?
Weight gain
What is the best treatment option for Graves disease?
Radioactive iodine
Which diagnostic test confirms the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism?
Increased radioactive iodine uptake
Why is it important to monitor signs of cardiac dysfunction in patients receiving levothyroxine?
To stop medication in case of adverse effects
Which manifestation is a common sign of acidosis in hyperglycemic patients?
Fruity breath
What is the typical serum bicarbonate level range in hyperglycemic patients with acidosis?
0-15 mEq/L
Which electrolyte imbalance is commonly observed in hyperglycemic patients experiencing dehydration?
Low potassium
What is the recommended fluid replacement rate for hyperglycemic patients with dehydration who are receiving Normal Saline (NS)?
0.5-1 L per hour
What is a significant intervention to prevent declines in glucose levels in hyperglycemic patients during treatment?
Adding more glucose to the IV solution
What is the primary manifestation of a thyroid storm that differentiates it from hyperthyroidism?
Hyperpyrexia
What is a common side effect associated with long-term use of corticosteroids on the skin?
Hyperpigmentation
What is the most common symptom associated with hyperparathyroidism?
Hypercalcemia
Which diagnostic test is typically conducted for confirming the diagnosis of Pheochromocytoma?
Cortisol and aldosterone test
What is the primary cause of Addison's Disease?
Autoimmune disorder
Which diagnostic test is typically conducted for confirming the diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism?
Serum calcium level measurement
What is the primary intervention for a patient experiencing tetany due to hypoparathyroidism?
Intravenous calcium administration
Which medication is commonly used for the treatment of Hyperaldosteronism to manage hypertension?
Spironolactone
What is the main complication associated with hypercalcemia in patients with hyperparathyroidism?
Renal calculi
Which nursing intervention is crucial in preventing falls for patients with fluid imbalance due to Addison's Disease?
Monitoring electrolytes closely
Learn about the destruction of pancreatic beta cells in type 1 diabetes and the metabolic derangement in diabetic ketoacidosis. Explore the factors contributing to beta-cell destruction and the major metabolic derangements in diabetic ketoacidosis.
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