32 Diabetes and Necrotizing Otitis Externa Quiz

<p>Systemic antibiotics and local therapy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>90% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>6% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hyperglycemia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Autoimmune destruction of insulin-secreting cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>5th to 6th decade of life (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hepatitis C (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They progress more rapidly to severe forms. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduction of hyperglycemia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Educating the patient, family and healthcare professionals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Administering antibiotics prophylactically (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A study that found T cells lacking insulin receptors are impaired in diabetic patients. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>These infections can be more severe in people with diabetes. (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The heel and plantar aspect (sole) of the foot (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>International Working Group on Diabetic Foot (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Removing pressure from the wound to promote healing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pseudomonas (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Debridement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Purplish rash (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flucloxacillin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fever and dizziness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Benzylpenicillin and clindamycin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dark urine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clostridium perfringens (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acute kidney injury (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Abdominal pain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antibiotics can be trialed in mild cases. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Worsens outcomes with cirrhosis increase. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dry cough (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Obtain specimens ideally before starting antimicrobial therapy. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tissue specimen from the base of a debrided ulcer. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Use a urine container with boric acid. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased hair growth around the wound. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clinical details that the specimen is from a diabetic foot infection. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Consult local hospital guidelines before initiating therapy. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It aids in the diagnosis but results must be interpreted in context. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bone biopsy. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A condition where the body cannot regulate blood sugar levels properly due to inadequate insulin action.

Type of diabetes where the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys insulin-producing cells in the pancreas, leading to a complete lack of insulin.

Type of diabetes caused by the body's inability to use insulin effectively, resulting in a relative deficiency.

Elevated blood sugar levels.

Diabetes increases the risk of infections, including bone and joint infections, sepsis and cellulitis.

Infections are more frequent, respond poorly to treatment and progress rapidly to severe forms in individuals with diabetes.

Reducing high blood sugar levels in diabetes can improve overall outcomes.

Individuals with diabetes mellitus are at a significantly higher risk of infections, with infections contributing to a considerable portion of hospitalizations and deaths.

A bacterial infection of the skin that is characterized by redness, swelling, pain, warmth, tenderness to the touch, and possibly fever.

A serious infection of the soft tissue and fascia, often caused by multiple bacteria, including Staph aureus and Pseudomonas.

A rare, severe infection that spreads rapidly and can lead to tissue death and limb loss, often caused by Group A Streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes) and other bacteria.

A common bacterial infection of the skin that causes a red, swollen, and painful area of skin that is warm and tender to the touch

Drug used to treat MRSA infections.

A serious ear infection that primarily affects individuals with diabetes mellitus, characterized by deep-seated ear pain, foul-smelling discharge, and a risk of complications extending beyond the ear.

The bacteria most commonly responsible for Necrotizing Otitis Externa.

A severe complication of Necrotizing Otitis Externa where the infection spreads beyond the ear to nearby structures like the facial nerve or skull base.

A complication of Necrotizing Otitis Externa potentially leading to confusion, meningitis, blood clots, and even death due to the infection spreading to the brain.

The recommended treatment for Necrotizing Otitis Externa, involving antibiotics that target Pseudomonas aeruginosa and local care to clean and remove infected tissue.

Maintaining a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can help strengthen the body's defense system and reduce the chances of getting sick.

Regularly checking your feet for any cuts, sores, or changes in color or temperature can help prevent infections.

Wearing shoes that fit well and provide good support can help prevent foot injuries and ulcers.

A podiatrist is a foot specialist who can provide expert care and advice to help prevent foot problems.

Prompt and appropriate treatment of wounds can help prevent infection and complications.

Controlling blood sugar levels is crucial for preventing infections and complications in people with diabetes.

Managing existing conditions like heart disease or high blood pressure can also help reduce the risk of foot infections.

Getting vaccinated against infections such as COVID-19, influenza, and pneumonia can help protect against serious illnesses.

A common bacterial infection responsible for necrotizing fasciitis, particularly affecting the genitals and surrounding areas. It's often treated with a combination of antibiotics, including vancomycin, piperacillin-tazobactam, and clindamycin.

A combination of antibiotics commonly used to treat necrotizing fasciitis caused by group A Streptococcus. This regimen includes benzylpenicillin and clindamycin, the latter suppressing toxin production by the bacteria.

Inflammation of the liver, often associated with diabetes. It's more common in individuals with type 2 diabetes and can complicate the course of hepatitis C infection.

A condition characterized by the accumulation of fat in the liver, often associated with type 2 diabetes. It's more common in individuals with this type of diabetes.

A rare and life-threatening inflammatory condition of the gallbladder, often associated with diabetes. It's characterized by gas formation within the gallbladder wall and is commonly caused by bacteria like Clostridium perfringens, Klebsiella, and E. coli.

An infection of the gallbladder that can progress to serious complications such as acute kidney injury, septic shock, and rarely, pneumnomediastinum. It's often treated with surgery, but antibiotics may be considered for mild cases.

A condition affecting the gallbladder, often associated with diabetes, characterized by nonspecific symptoms like fever, abdominal pain, and nausea and vomiting.

A test used to help diagnose osteomyelitis in diabetic foot infections. It involves probing the bone to see if there is any pus or drainage, which could indicate an infection.

A type of urine collection where the first few milliliters of urine are discarded, followed by collecting the midstream portion of the sample. This technique reduces contamination from the urethra and provides a more accurate urine sample.

A container for collecting urine samples that contains boric acid, which inhibits bacterial growth. It helps preserve the sample and ensures accurate test results, especially when there's a delay in delivering the sample to the lab.

Tissue samples taken from the base of a debrided wound, often obtained by a podiatrist, are the most reliable samples for identifying the specific bacteria causing an infection in a diabetic foot. Superficial swabs tend to pick up colonizing bacteria, which may not be the primary cause of the infection, hence they are less accurate.

Sending specimens for culture and sensitivity testing is crucial to identify the specific bacteria causing an infection and determine the most effective antibiotics. It's essential to obtain and send these specimens before starting antimicrobial therapy to ensure that the chosen antibiotics are effective against the specific bacteria involved.

Clinical assessment of a diabetic foot infection involves evaluating systemic signs in the patient, risk factors in the affected limb, and local signs of inflammation in the wound. It helps determine the severity of the infection and guides treatment.

Classic symptoms of infection include redness, swelling, pain, warmth, and pus. At least two of these signs are typically present in a diabetic foot infection, indicating inflammation or purulence, supporting the diagnosis of infection.

The choice of antibiotics depends on the severity of the infection, the location of the infection, and the type of bacteria suspected. Consulting local hospital guidelines and considering the patient's risk factors and allergies is important.