24 Questions
Which type of tissue in the pancreas is solely concerned with digestion?
Exocrine tissue
Which enzyme is NOT secreted by the exocrine tissue of the pancreas to aid digestion?
Insulin
What is the primary function of the pancreatic duct?
Aiding in digestion
In which part of the body does the pancreas secrete its digestive enzymes?
Small intestine
Which type of diabetes is characterized by an absolute deficiency of insulin secretion?
Type 1 diabetes mellitus
What is a common manifestation of pancreatic cystic fibrosis?
Malabsorption
What is the primary function of the endocrine tissue in the pancreas?
Regulation of glucose metabolism
Which cell types in the pancreatic islets secrete insulin?
Beta cells
What can cause acute pancreatitis?
Excessive alcohol consumption
How is chronic pancreatitis diagnosed?
Elevated amylase/lipase in blood and imaging showing inflammation
What is the pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis (CF) primarily related to?
$\text{Defective transport of chloride, sodium, and water across cell membranes}$
What may future treatments for CF involve?
Gene therapy
What is the primary demographic affected by Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Nonketotic Coma (HHNK)?
Older, overweight, or obese adults
What causes hypoglycemia in diabetes?
Insufficient or excessive insulin relative to carbohydrate intake
How does the pancreas regulate blood glucose?
By adjusting insulin output
What are some complications of diabetes?
Diabetic coma, arteriosclerosis, blindness, renal failure, and peripheral neuritis
What causes gestational diabetes?
High placental hormone levels causing decreased responsiveness to insulin
What are some causes of hyperglycemia other than diabetes?
Chronic pancreatic disease, endocrine diseases, drugs, and hereditary diseases
What type of tumors of the pancreas may cause hyperinsulinism?
Islet cell tumors
What is the primary characteristic of type 1 diabetes?
Insulin deficiency
What may result in pancreatogenic diabetes?
Pancreatitis
What is the treatment for cystic fibrosis that aims to prevent lung infections?
Prophylactic antibiotics
What does prediabetes indicate?
Mild hyperglycemia
What does insulin promote in cells?
$\text{Glucose entry into cells}$
Study Notes
Diabetes and Cystic Fibrosis: Key Facts
- Cystic fibrosis treatment includes drug combinations for airway clearance therapy and prophylactic antibiotics to prevent lung infections
- Severe lung damage may necessitate a lung transplant
- Insulin promotes glucose entry into cells, utilization as energy, and storage as glycogen
- Type 2 diabetes involves inadequate response to insulin and is increasingly common in children
- Pancreatogenic diabetes may result from pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer, autoimmunity, trauma, or resection
- Type 1 diabetes is characterized by insulin deficiency and primarily affects children and young adults
- Prediabetes indicates mild hyperglycemia and the need for lifestyle changes or pharmacologic treatment
- Diabetes mellitus affects 9% of the Canadian population and 25% of those over 65, leading to chronic dehydration and electrolyte imbalance
- Hyperglycemia impacts carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism, causing acute and chronic diseases in multiple organ systems
- Type 1 diabetes results from damage to pancreatic islets, possibly due to an abnormal humoral immune response and hereditary predisposition
- Type 2 diabetes is a complex metabolic disease, increasingly prevalent among younger overweight individuals, with both hereditary and environmental factors at play
- Diabetes and metabolic syndrome are linked to obesity, insulin resistance, blood lipid abnormalities, and hypertension
Test your knowledge of key facts related to diabetes and cystic fibrosis, including treatment, impact on the body, and prevalence. Explore the relationships between pancreatic health, insulin, and the development of diabetes.
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