Chapter 15
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Questions and Answers

Sensory receptors use energy from the environment to trigger electrochemical signals that can be transmitted to the brain. This is an example of

  • Univariance
  • Sensory transduction (correct)
  • Receptor potential
  • A sensory modality

Fill in the blank.

Taste receptors are modified (blank).

  • Epithelial cells (correct)
  • Ganglionic cells
  • Membrane proteins
  • A mix of all the above

All of the following are sensory modalities EXCEPT

  • Seeing
  • Smell
  • Body Position
  • All are sensory modalities (correct)

When you bang your eye, it still produces perceptions of light. This is an example of

<p>Univariance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct hierarchy of taste structure?

<p>Receptor cells&lt;taste buds&lt;papillae&lt;dorsal surface of tongue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the five taste classes?

<p>Bitter, salt, sweet, sour, umami (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The taste cells of Salty and Sour use which neurotransmitter as their main release transmitter?

<p>Serotonin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The taste cells of sweet, umami, and bitter use which neurotransmitter as their main release transmitter?

<p>ATP (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

One taste bud contains about how many receptor cells?

<p>50-150 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The microvilli in the taste pore on the surface of the tongue is considered which region of the taste cell?

<p>Apical region (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are the types of cells found on a taste bud?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Olfactory receptor cells are a main cell type found within the main olfactory epithelium. This cell type is responsible for

<p>site of transduction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bitter, sweet, and umami are unique in that they

<p>use a non-vesicular ATP release (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Na+ channel in salt is called

<p>ENaC (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In neurons, gradient is (blank) and voltage shifts conductance. In taste receptors, conductance is constant while the gradient (blank) flux.

<p>constant; increases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In sour taste cells, the target of H+ is

<p>TRPP3 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Aside from H+ gating TRPP3 channels, H+ also negatively gates a

<p>potassium channel (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

TRPP3 is always open waiting for gradient.

<p>False, it is the ENaC channel (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cells within a group may express multiple receptor sub-types, but do not cross class.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is correct?

<p>CN I is olfactory nerve; CN VII is facial nerve (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Olfactory bulb is part of the

<p>Brain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In taste cells, specifically sour, protons (blank) Na+ channels, and (blank) K+ channels.

<p>activate; inhibit (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Each taste receptor cell only expresses how many types of taste sensitivity?

<p>One (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is common among the sweet, umami, and bitter pathways?

<p>All bind heterotrimeric GPCRs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about depolarizing the GPCR pathway in taste cells is true?

<p>Alpha subunit detaches=&gt; activate PLC=&gt; hydrolyze PIP2 to DAG and IP3=&gt; IP3 release intracellular Ca2+=&gt; gate TRPM5 channel=&gt; allows sodium in=&gt;depolarizing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Glutamatergic synapse at which region with of the olfactory bulb, which is part of the brain, is associated with mitral cells

<p>olfactory glomerulus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Support cells make mucus. 20-50 uM thick, constantly moving, replaced every 10 minutes. They contain

<p>All the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the olfactory system, sensory cells with like receptors converge on which type of cells

<p>mitral cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The oculomotor nerve does what?

<p>Constriction of pupil (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the range of the visual spectrum in wavelength (nm)?

<p>400-750 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the most focusing of the optics reside?

<p>Cornea (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct process of pupillary light reflex?

<ol> <li>Bright light</li> <li>Pretectile nucleus</li> <li>Bilateral parasympathetics</li> <li>Bilateral pupil construction (C)</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Photon absorption (blank) photoreceptors.

<p>Hyperpolarizes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In most G-protein systems, receptor activation increases second messenger to positively regulate activity.

In photoreceptor...

<p>light activates a pathway to decrease 2nd messenger to negatively regulate activity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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