Chapter 15

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Sensory receptors use energy from the environment to trigger electrochemical signals that can be transmitted to the brain. This is an example of

Univariance

Sensory transduction (correct)

Receptor potential

A sensory modality

Fill in the blank.

Taste receptors are modified (blank).

Epithelial cells (correct)

Ganglionic cells

Membrane proteins

A mix of all the above

All of the following are sensory modalities EXCEPT

Seeing

Smell

Body Position

All are sensory modalities (correct)

When you bang your eye, it still produces perceptions of light. This is an example of

Univariance Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct hierarchy of taste structure?

Receptor cells<taste buds<papillae<dorsal surface of tongue Signup and view all the answers

What are the five taste classes?

Bitter, salt, sweet, sour, umami Signup and view all the answers

The taste cells of Salty and Sour use which neurotransmitter as their main release transmitter?

Serotonin Signup and view all the answers

The taste cells of sweet, umami, and bitter use which neurotransmitter as their main release transmitter?

ATP Signup and view all the answers

One taste bud contains about how many receptor cells?

50-150 Signup and view all the answers

The microvilli in the taste pore on the surface of the tongue is considered which region of the taste cell?

Apical region Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are the types of cells found on a taste bud?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Olfactory receptor cells are a main cell type found within the main olfactory epithelium. This cell type is responsible for

site of transduction Signup and view all the answers

Bitter, sweet, and umami are unique in that they

use a non-vesicular ATP release Signup and view all the answers

The Na+ channel in salt is called

ENaC Signup and view all the answers

In neurons, gradient is (blank) and voltage shifts conductance. In taste receptors, conductance is constant while the gradient (blank) flux.

constant; increases Signup and view all the answers

In sour taste cells, the target of H+ is

TRPP3 Signup and view all the answers

Aside from H+ gating TRPP3 channels, H+ also negatively gates a

potassium channel Signup and view all the answers

TRPP3 is always open waiting for gradient.

False, it is the ENaC channel Signup and view all the answers

Cells within a group may express multiple receptor sub-types, but do not cross class.

True Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is correct?

CN I is olfactory nerve; CN VII is facial nerve Signup and view all the answers

Olfactory bulb is part of the

Brain Signup and view all the answers

In taste cells, specifically sour, protons (blank) Na+ channels, and (blank) K+ channels.

activate; inhibit Signup and view all the answers

Each taste receptor cell only expresses how many types of taste sensitivity?

One Signup and view all the answers

What is common among the sweet, umami, and bitter pathways?

All bind heterotrimeric GPCRs Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about depolarizing the GPCR pathway in taste cells is true?

Alpha subunit detaches=> activate PLC=> hydrolyze PIP2 to DAG and IP3=> IP3 release intracellular Ca2+=> gate TRPM5 channel=> allows sodium in=>depolarizing Signup and view all the answers

Glutamatergic synapse at which region with of the olfactory bulb, which is part of the brain, is associated with mitral cells

olfactory glomerulus Signup and view all the answers

Support cells make mucus. 20-50 uM thick, constantly moving, replaced every 10 minutes. They contain

All the above Signup and view all the answers

According to the olfactory system, sensory cells with like receptors converge on which type of cells

mitral cells Signup and view all the answers

The oculomotor nerve does what?

Constriction of pupil Signup and view all the answers

What is the range of the visual spectrum in wavelength (nm)?

400-750 Signup and view all the answers

Where does the most focusing of the optics reside?

Cornea Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct process of pupillary light reflex?

<ol> <li>Bright light</li> <li>Pretectile nucleus</li> <li>Bilateral parasympathetics</li> <li>Bilateral pupil construction</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Photon absorption (blank) photoreceptors.

Hyperpolarizes Signup and view all the answers

In most G-protein systems, receptor activation increases second messenger to positively regulate activity.

In photoreceptor...

light activates a pathway to decrease 2nd messenger to negatively regulate activity Signup and view all the answers