Chapter 15
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Sensory receptors use energy from the environment to trigger electrochemical signals that can be transmitted to the brain. This is an example of

  • Univariance
  • Sensory transduction (correct)
  • Receptor potential
  • A sensory modality
  • Fill in the blank.

    Taste receptors are modified (blank).

  • Epithelial cells (correct)
  • Ganglionic cells
  • Membrane proteins
  • A mix of all the above
  • All of the following are sensory modalities EXCEPT

  • Seeing
  • Smell
  • Body Position
  • All are sensory modalities (correct)
  • When you bang your eye, it still produces perceptions of light. This is an example of

    <p>Univariance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the correct hierarchy of taste structure?

    <p>Receptor cells&lt;taste buds&lt;papillae&lt;dorsal surface of tongue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the five taste classes?

    <p>Bitter, salt, sweet, sour, umami</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The taste cells of Salty and Sour use which neurotransmitter as their main release transmitter?

    <p>Serotonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The taste cells of sweet, umami, and bitter use which neurotransmitter as their main release transmitter?

    <p>ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    One taste bud contains about how many receptor cells?

    <p>50-150</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The microvilli in the taste pore on the surface of the tongue is considered which region of the taste cell?

    <p>Apical region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are the types of cells found on a taste bud?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Olfactory receptor cells are a main cell type found within the main olfactory epithelium. This cell type is responsible for

    <p>site of transduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bitter, sweet, and umami are unique in that they

    <p>use a non-vesicular ATP release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Na+ channel in salt is called

    <p>ENaC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In neurons, gradient is (blank) and voltage shifts conductance. In taste receptors, conductance is constant while the gradient (blank) flux.

    <p>constant; increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In sour taste cells, the target of H+ is

    <p>TRPP3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Aside from H+ gating TRPP3 channels, H+ also negatively gates a

    <p>potassium channel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    TRPP3 is always open waiting for gradient.

    <p>False, it is the ENaC channel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cells within a group may express multiple receptor sub-types, but do not cross class.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is correct?

    <p>CN I is olfactory nerve; CN VII is facial nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Olfactory bulb is part of the

    <p>Brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In taste cells, specifically sour, protons (blank) Na+ channels, and (blank) K+ channels.

    <p>activate; inhibit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Each taste receptor cell only expresses how many types of taste sensitivity?

    <p>One</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is common among the sweet, umami, and bitter pathways?

    <p>All bind heterotrimeric GPCRs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about depolarizing the GPCR pathway in taste cells is true?

    <p>Alpha subunit detaches=&gt; activate PLC=&gt; hydrolyze PIP2 to DAG and IP3=&gt; IP3 release intracellular Ca2+=&gt; gate TRPM5 channel=&gt; allows sodium in=&gt;depolarizing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Glutamatergic synapse at which region with of the olfactory bulb, which is part of the brain, is associated with mitral cells

    <p>olfactory glomerulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Support cells make mucus. 20-50 uM thick, constantly moving, replaced every 10 minutes. They contain

    <p>All the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the olfactory system, sensory cells with like receptors converge on which type of cells

    <p>mitral cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The oculomotor nerve does what?

    <p>Constriction of pupil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of the visual spectrum in wavelength (nm)?

    <p>400-750</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the most focusing of the optics reside?

    <p>Cornea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct process of pupillary light reflex?

    <ol> <li>Bright light</li> <li>Pretectile nucleus</li> <li>Bilateral parasympathetics</li> <li>Bilateral pupil construction</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

    Photon absorption (blank) photoreceptors.

    <p>Hyperpolarizes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In most G-protein systems, receptor activation increases second messenger to positively regulate activity.

    In photoreceptor...

    <p>light activates a pathway to decrease 2nd messenger to negatively regulate activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

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