Chapter 15: Scalp Care & Conditioning

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Questions and Answers

One of the most important experiences that a stylist provides is the _____

Shampoo

What processes are encompassed in the shampoo service?

Scalp care & massage, shampooing, and conditioning

Which of the following describes how the shampoo can and should be?

Soothing (correct)

Pleasurable (correct)

List 4 reasons a cosmetologist should study and understand scalp care, shampooing, and conditioning.

<ol> <li>Professional reinforcement, 2) Identifying scalp conditions, 3) General product knowledge, 4) Home-care regimen recommendation</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two basic requirements for a healthy scalp?

<ol> <li>Cleanliness, 2) Stimulation</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

How often should the hair be shampooed?

As often as necessary to remove dirt, oils, and product buildup. Signup and view all the answers

The same products are used for both relaxation and treatment massages.

False Signup and view all the answers

The manipulations for a treatment massage mirror those of a relaxation massage but would include the _____

Preapplication of appropriate products Signup and view all the answers

A client who has high blood pressure should never have a scalp massage.

False Signup and view all the answers

If you are unsure about performing a scalp massage on a client with a medical condition, what is the best course of action?

Avoid performing the massage. Signup and view all the answers

List the four different types of scalp treatments.

<ol> <li>Normal hair and scalp, 2) Dry hair and scalp, 3) Oily hair and scalp, 4) Antidandruff</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

This may be done in combination with a scalp steamer:

Dry hair and scalp treatment Signup and view all the answers

The main goal of a normal hair and scalp treatment is to maintain the scalp and hair in what condition?

Clean and healthy Signup and view all the answers

A client may need additional salon treatments and frequent use of home care for which type of treatment?

Anti dandruff treatment Signup and view all the answers

This treatment is performed for clients who have overactive sebaceous glands:

Oily hair and scalp treatment Signup and view all the answers

List three benefits of correct hair brushing.

<ol> <li>Removes dust, 2) Removes dirt, 3) Removes hairspray buildup and gives hair shine</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Do not brush a client's hair if it is oily.

False Signup and view all the answers

List at least three situations under which brushing a client's hair should be avoided.

<ol> <li>If the scalp is irritated, 2) Prior to a chemical service, 3) After hair color service</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

The best type of hair brush to use for brushing hair is one that has _____ bristles.

Natural Signup and view all the answers

The shampoo service provides a good opportunity to make sure that the hair and scalp are properly cleansed and nourished, providing a great _____ for styling ongoing hair care.

Canvas Signup and view all the answers

What conditions should you check for when analyzing scalp and hair?

<ol> <li>Dry hair, 2) Excessive shedding, 3) Thinning hair, 4) Dry scalp, 5) Oily scalp, 6) Abnormal flaking, 7) Open wounds, 8) Scalp disorders, 9) Tick or lice infestation</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

You should not perform a scalp massage on a scalp that has reddened scalp irritations.

True Signup and view all the answers

A client appears to have a scalp disease that may be infectious. What should you do?

Do not do the service and refer them to a physician. Signup and view all the answers

The primary purpose of a shampoo is to ______ the hair and scalp prior to a service.

Cleanse Signup and view all the answers

To be effective, a shampoo must _____

Remove all dirt, oils, cosmetics, and skin debris without adversely affecting either the scalp or hair. Signup and view all the answers

You should advise all clients to wash their hair every day.

False Signup and view all the answers

What does excessive shampooing do?

Strips the hair of its protective oil (sebum). Signup and view all the answers

Oily hair should be shampooed more often than normal or dry hair.

True Signup and view all the answers

Describe two ways you can help protect yourself from muscle strain and other physical problems while performing shampoos.

<ol> <li>Keep your shoulders back while performing a shampoo. 2) Avoid slumping over the client.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Professional cosmetologists should take time to read product _____ because it helps them make informed decisions.

Labels Signup and view all the answers

How should you select a shampoo for a client?

According to the condition of the client's hair and scalp. Signup and view all the answers

Hair can usually be characterized as:

Chemically treated Signup and view all the answers

Hair that has been _ may require a product, such as a(n) __ shampoo, that is less harsh and more conditioning.

Abused, Sulfate-Free Signup and view all the answers

Hair that has been damaged by improper care and exposure to ____ may need more conditioning.

Elements Signup and view all the answers

List four examples of ways hair may be chemically treated.

<ol> <li>Lightened, 2) Colored, 3) Permed, 4) Chemically relaxed</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

List three ways hair may be damaged.

<ol> <li>Harsh shampoos, 2) Improper care, 3) Exposure to elements</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

As long as clients look great when they leave the salon, how they handle their home-care regimen is unimportant.

False Signup and view all the answers

Discuss why it is important to educate clients about which products they should be using for home care.

The wrong products can negatively affect the clients' opinion of your work. Signup and view all the answers

The amount of ____ in a solution is what determines whether it is alkaline or acid.

Hydrogen Signup and view all the answers

A pH scale ranges from:

0-14 Signup and view all the answers

A neutral shampoo has a pH of

7 Signup and view all the answers

A shampoo that is ____ will have a pH ranging from 0 to 6.9.

Acidic Signup and view all the answers

A shampoo that is ___ will have a pH rating of 7.1 or higher.

Alkaline Signup and view all the answers

The ___ the pH rating, the stronger and harsher the shampoo.

Higher Signup and view all the answers

A slightly ___ shampoo more closely matches the ideal pH of hair.

Slightly acidic Signup and view all the answers

Why should you avoid touching a female client's face with your hands or water while performing a shampoo?

You may remove some of her makeup and she may feel self-conscious. Signup and view all the answers

It is easy to miss which of the following when performing a shampoo?

The nape of the neck Signup and view all the answers

Water is classified as a(n) ____ because it is capable of dissolving more substances than any other solvent known to science.

Universal solvent Signup and view all the answers

Water that comes from public water systems often has added to it to kill _.

Chlorine, Bacteria Signup and view all the answers

The process of heating water so that it becomes a vapor and then condensing the purified vapor is called ______.

Distillation Signup and view all the answers

_____ is rainwater or chemically softened water.

Soft water Signup and view all the answers

___ is often found in well water and contains minerals that reduce the ability of soap or shampoo to lather.

Hard water Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for you to understand the classification of the water in the salon where you work?

Because it is used for shampoos, mixing solutions, and many other functions. Signup and view all the answers

Water is the main ingredient in most shampoos.

True Signup and view all the answers

What is deionized water?

Water that has had impurities removed. Signup and view all the answers

Primary surfactant and base detergent means the same thing as follows:

Hydrophilic or water-attracting head and lipophilic or oil-attracting tail. Signup and view all the answers

A surfactant molecule has two ends: a _ 'head,' and a __ 'tail.'

Hydrophilic, Lipophilic Signup and view all the answers

During the shampoo process, the hydrophilic head attracts _ and the lipophilic tail attracts _.

Water, Oil Signup and view all the answers

What does the process create?

A push/pull process that causes oils, dirt, and deposits to roll up into little balls that can be lifted off in water. Signup and view all the answers

List six ingredients that may be added to base surfactants to create a shampoo.

<ol> <li>Moisture, 2) Oil, 3) Protein, 4) Preservative, 5) Foam Enhancer, 6) Perfume</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What are pH-balanced shampoos?

Balanced to the pH of skin and hair. Signup and view all the answers

What are conditioning shampoos?

Designed to make the hair appear smooth and shiny. Signup and view all the answers

What are medicated shampoos?

Contain special ingredients that are very effective in reducing dandruff or relieving other scalp conditions. Signup and view all the answers

What are clarifying shampoos?

Used when product buildup is evident, after swimming, and prior to all chemical services. Signup and view all the answers

What are balancing shampoos?

Wash away excess oiliness while preventing the hair from drying out. Signup and view all the answers

What are dry or powder shampoos?

Cleanse the hair without the use of soap and water. Signup and view all the answers

What are color-enhancing shampoos?

Used to brighten, add a hint of color, or eliminate unwanted color tones. Signup and view all the answers

What are shampoos for hairpieces and wigs?

Special solutions available for hair enhancements. Signup and view all the answers

How should you shampoo a client who is in a wheelchair?

Have them remain in the wheelchair, facing the shampoo bowl and bending forward. Signup and view all the answers

_____ are special chemical agents applied to the hair to deposit protein or moisturizer and help restore the hair's strength.

Conditioners Signup and view all the answers

Conditioners can fully repair hair and can improve the quality of new hair growth.

False Signup and view all the answers

What are the four basic types of conditioners?

<ol> <li>Cleansing conditioner, 2) Rinse-out conditioner, 3) Treatment or repair conditioner, 4) Leave-in conditioner</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What are humectants?

Substances that absorb moisture or promote the retention of moisture. Signup and view all the answers

Why is silicone often added to conditioners?

Reflects light and makes the hair appear shiny. Signup and view all the answers

Explain what conditioners do.

Smooth the cuticle and coat the hair shaft to achieve healthier-looking hair. Signup and view all the answers

The cortex accounts for what percentage of the hair strand?

90 percent Signup and view all the answers

_____ are designed to penetrate the cortex and reinforce the hair shaft from within.

Protein conditioners Signup and view all the answers

List and describe four additional conditioning agents to be familiar with.

<ol> <li>Spray-on thermal protector: protects hair during thermal service. 2) Scalp conditioner: softens and improves scalp health. 3) Medicated scalp lotion: promotes scalp healing. 4) Scalp astringent lotion: removes oil accumulation.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

A client who has coarse and extremely curly hair would benefit most from which products?

Protein and moisturizing treatments. Signup and view all the answers

A client who has straight, fine hair would benefit most from which products?

Volumizing shampoo. Signup and view all the answers

______, also known as hair masks or conditioning packs, are chemical mixtures of concentrated protein and intensive moisturizer.

Deep conditioning treatments Signup and view all the answers

List the two types of draping that are used on clients.

<ol> <li>Shampooing draping, 2) Chemical service draping</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Describe why it is important for you to learn how to drape a client properly.

Because it contributes to the client's safety and comfort. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the objective of the post-service procedure.

A step-by-step plan for caring for your client after the procedure. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Scalp Care, Shampooing, and Conditioning Overview

Shampoo service is a crucial aspect of a stylist's experience, encompassing scalp care, cleansing, and conditioning.
Services should be soothing and pleasurable to enhance the client's experience.

Importance of Scalp Care Education

Understanding scalp care and shampooing reinforces professionalism and client trust.
Ability to identify and address non-medical scalp/hair issues; refer clients when necessary.
Knowledge of products aids in effective treatment and home-care recommendations.

Scalp Health Requirements

Two basic requirements for a healthy scalp: cleanliness and stimulation.
Regular shampooing is vital to remove dirt, oils, and product buildup as needed.

Scalp Massages and Treatments

Not all products for relaxation and treatment massages are the same.
Discuss preapplication of products during treatment massages, especially for specific scalp conditions.
High blood pressure clients can have massages unless contraindicated.

Types of Scalp Treatments

Four types of treatments: Normal, Dry, Oily, and Antidandruff hair/scalp.
Dry treatments may use scalp steamers to promote health.
Antidandruff treatments may require ongoing salon visits and consistent home care.

Benefits of Hair Brushing and Precautions

Correct brushing can remove dust, dirt, and hairspray buildup, enhancing shine.
Should refrain from brushing if the scalp is irritated, prior to chemical services, or when hair color processes are involved.

Shampoo Basics

The primary role of shampoo is to cleanse without affecting scalp or hair negatively.
Shampoo frequency should be personalized; excessive washing strips beneficial oils.
Oily hair requires more frequent shampooing compared to dry or normal hair types.

Water Classification and Importance

Water acts as a universal solvent, often treated with chlorine to ensure cleanliness.
Deionized water lacks impurities like calcium and magnesium, ensuring product stability.

Surfactants and Shampoo Composition

Surfactants in shampoos have hydrophilic (water-attracting) heads and lipophilic (oil-attracting) tails.
Effective shampoos blend surfactants with moisture, oils, proteins, preservatives, and other enhancing ingredients.

Types of Shampoos

pH-balanced shampoos match skin and hair pH.
Medicated shampoos target scalp conditions; clarifying shampoos deal with buildup.
Dry shampoos cleanse without water, while color-enhancing shampoos adjust color tone.

Conditioners and Their Functionality

Conditioners deposit moisture and protein to restore hair strength and appearance, but do not repair existing damage.
Different types include cleansing, rinse-out, treatment, and leave-in conditioners.

Additional Hair Care Products

Humectants are crucial for moisture retention.
Protein conditioners penetrate the cortex for temporary reinforcement.
Deep conditioning treatments provide intensive hydration and repair.

Client Drape Techniques

Proper draping during services ensures client comfort and safety.
Two techniques: Shampooing draping and Chemical service draping.

Post-Service Protocol

Post-service procedures are essential for client follow-up and preparing for subsequent appointments.
Importance of educating clients on product use to maintain hair and scalp health between visits.

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Test your knowledge on essential scalp care, shampooing, and conditioning techniques found in Chapter 15. This quiz includes key terms and definitions critical for cosmetologists. Perfect for students preparing for exams or professionals refreshing their skills.

Chapter 15: Scalp Care & Conditioning

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Podcast

Questions and Answers

One of the most important experiences that a stylist provides is the _____

What processes are encompassed in the shampoo service?

Which of the following describes how the shampoo can and should be?

List 4 reasons a cosmetologist should study and understand scalp care, shampooing, and conditioning.

What are the two basic requirements for a healthy scalp?

How often should the hair be shampooed?

The same products are used for both relaxation and treatment massages.

The manipulations for a treatment massage mirror those of a relaxation massage but would include the _____

A client who has high blood pressure should never have a scalp massage.

If you are unsure about performing a scalp massage on a client with a medical condition, what is the best course of action?

List the four different types of scalp treatments.

This may be done in combination with a scalp steamer:

The main goal of a normal hair and scalp treatment is to maintain the scalp and hair in what condition?

A client may need additional salon treatments and frequent use of home care for which type of treatment?

This treatment is performed for clients who have overactive sebaceous glands:

List three benefits of correct hair brushing.

Do not brush a client's hair if it is oily.

List at least three situations under which brushing a client's hair should be avoided.

The best type of hair brush to use for brushing hair is one that has _____ bristles.

The shampoo service provides a good opportunity to make sure that the hair and scalp are properly cleansed and nourished, providing a great _____ for styling ongoing hair care.

What conditions should you check for when analyzing scalp and hair?

You should not perform a scalp massage on a scalp that has reddened scalp irritations.

A client appears to have a scalp disease that may be infectious. What should you do?

The primary purpose of a shampoo is to ______ the hair and scalp prior to a service.

To be effective, a shampoo must _____

You should advise all clients to wash their hair every day.

What does excessive shampooing do?

Oily hair should be shampooed more often than normal or dry hair.

Describe two ways you can help protect yourself from muscle strain and other physical problems while performing shampoos.

Professional cosmetologists should take time to read product _____ because it helps them make informed decisions.

How should you select a shampoo for a client?

Hair can usually be characterized as:

Hair that has been ___ may require a product, such as a(n) ____ shampoo, that is less harsh and more conditioning.

Hair that has been damaged by improper care and exposure to ____ may need more conditioning.

List four examples of ways hair may be chemically treated.

List three ways hair may be damaged.

As long as clients look great when they leave the salon, how they handle their home-care regimen is unimportant.

Discuss why it is important to educate clients about which products they should be using for home care.

The amount of ____ in a solution is what determines whether it is alkaline or acid.

A pH scale ranges from:

A neutral shampoo has a pH of

A shampoo that is ____ will have a pH ranging from 0 to 6.9.

A shampoo that is ___ will have a pH rating of 7.1 or higher.

The ___ the pH rating, the stronger and harsher the shampoo.

A slightly ___ shampoo more closely matches the ideal pH of hair.

Why should you avoid touching a female client's face with your hands or water while performing a shampoo?

It is easy to miss which of the following when performing a shampoo?

Water is classified as a(n) ____ because it is capable of dissolving more substances than any other solvent known to science.

Water that comes from public water systems often has ____ added to it to kill _____.

The process of heating water so that it becomes a vapor and then condensing the purified vapor is called ______.

_____ is rainwater or chemically softened water.

___ is often found in well water and contains minerals that reduce the ability of soap or shampoo to lather.

Why is it important for you to understand the classification of the water in the salon where you work?

Water is the main ingredient in most shampoos.

What is deionized water?

Primary surfactant and base detergent means the same thing as follows:

A surfactant molecule has two ends: a ___ 'head,' and a ____ 'tail.'

During the shampoo process, the hydrophilic head attracts ___ and the lipophilic tail attracts ___.

What does the process create?

List six ingredients that may be added to base surfactants to create a shampoo.

What are pH-balanced shampoos?

What are conditioning shampoos?

What are medicated shampoos?

What are clarifying shampoos?

What are balancing shampoos?

What are dry or powder shampoos?

What are color-enhancing shampoos?

What are shampoos for hairpieces and wigs?

How should you shampoo a client who is in a wheelchair?

_____ are special chemical agents applied to the hair to deposit protein or moisturizer and help restore the hair's strength.

Conditioners can fully repair hair and can improve the quality of new hair growth.

What are the four basic types of conditioners?

What are humectants?

Why is silicone often added to conditioners?

Explain what conditioners do.

The cortex accounts for what percentage of the hair strand?

Hair that has been _ may require a product, such as a(n) __ shampoo, that is less harsh and more conditioning.

Water that comes from public water systems often has added to it to kill _.

A surfactant molecule has two ends: a _ 'head,' and a __ 'tail.'

During the shampoo process, the hydrophilic head attracts _ and the lipophilic tail attracts _.