Chapter 15 Urinary System Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What are the functions of the urinary system?

Filters blood to remove waste, excretes waste from the body, and maintains normal pH of blood.

What makes up the urinary system?

Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra.

What are the 2 main parts of a nephron?

Renal corpuscle and renal tubule.

What makes up the glomerulus?

Cluster of capillaries. Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the glomerulus capsule?

Bowman capsule. Signup and view all the answers

How does blood enter the glomerulus?

Through the afferent arteriole. Signup and view all the answers

How is fluid carried away from the glomerular capsule?

Through the renal tubule. Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of the ureter?

Carries urine from the renal pelvis to the urinary bladder. Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the ureter exhibits peristalsis?

Muscular layer. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the urinary bladder?

Temporary storage reservoir for urine. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of rugae in the wall of the urinary bladder?

Allows the bladder to expand as it fills. Signup and view all the answers

What muscle expels urine from the urinary bladder?

Detrusor muscle. Signup and view all the answers

________ is made up of 3 openings and is located on the floor of the urinary bladder.

Trigone. Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the urethra in males?

Long and about 20 cm (7-8 inches). Signup and view all the answers

What controls the passage of urine through the urethra?

2 sphincters: internal urethral sphincter and external urethral sphincter. Signup and view all the answers

What is the longest part of the male urethra?

Spongy urethra. Signup and view all the answers

What is involved in urine formation?

Glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion. Signup and view all the answers

What substances are reabsorbed into the body from the renal tubule?

Glucose, water, sodium, and other electrolytes. Signup and view all the answers

What hormone is secreted by the adrenal glands that increases absorption of sodium and reduces urine output?

Aldosterone. Signup and view all the answers

What occurs in the absence of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

Tubules are less permeable to water, resulting in less reabsorption and large quantities of dilute urine. Signup and view all the answers

What enzyme is secreted by the kidney that helps regulate blood pressure?

Renin. Signup and view all the answers

What is the medical term for expelling urine?

Micturition. Signup and view all the answers

What occurs in the urinary system when you age?

Muscles in the wall weaken, bladder loses elasticity, and awareness is delayed until bladder is nearly full. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Functions of the Urinary System

Filters blood to eliminate waste products
Excretes waste from the body
Maintains normal pH balance of blood

Components of the Urinary System

Comprises kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra

Nephron Structure

Consists of renal corpuscle and renal tubule

Glomerulus Composition

Made up of a cluster of capillaries

Bowman Capsule

The name of the capsule surrounding the glomerulus

Afferent Arteriole

Blood enters the glomerulus via this vessel

Fluid Transport in Nephrons

Fluid moves away from the glomerular capsule through the renal tubule toward the collecting ducts

Ureter Function

Carries urine from the renal pelvis to the urinary bladder

Peristalsis in Ureters

The muscular layer of the ureter responsible for peristalsis

Urinary Bladder Function

Acts as a temporary storage reservoir for urine

Rugae Function

Allows urinary bladder expansion as it fills

Urine Expulsion

Urine is expelled from the bladder by the contraction of the detrusor muscle

Trigone Area

A triangular area on the floor of the urinary bladder marked by three openings

Male Urethra Characteristics

Long, measuring about 20 cm (7-8 inches)

Urine Passage Control

Controlled by two sphincters: internal and external urethral sphincters

Longest Portion of Male Urethra

The spongy urethra

Urine Formation Process

Involves glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion

Substances Reabsorbed in Renal Tubule

Includes glucose, water, sodium, and other electrolytes

Aldosterone Function

A hormone from adrenal glands that increases sodium absorption and decreases urine output

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) Absence Effects

Tubules become less permeable to water
Reduced water reabsorption leads to large volumes of dilute urine and increased water loss

Renin Production

An enzyme secreted by kidneys that helps to regulate blood pressure

Micturition Definition

Medical term for the act of expelling urine

Urinary System Aging Changes

Strength and elasticity of bladder muscles decrease
Bladder has reduced ability to expand/contract, leading to incomplete emptying
Awareness of urgency may be delayed until bladder is nearly full

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Description

Test your knowledge of the urinary system with these flashcards. This quiz covers the functions, structures, and components of the urinary system, including the kidneys and nephrons. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of Chapter 15.