Developmental Theories Quiz

Which of the following best describes the focus of developmental theories?

According to Freud's psychosexual theory, which of the following stages is characterized by a focus on sexual energy?

Which principle of classical conditioning is demonstrated when a fear response to a specific sound generalizes to other similar sounds?

In Piaget's theory, which stage is characterized by the development of logical thinking about concrete events?

According to the theory of planned behavior, what is a key determinant of behavioral intentions?

In Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory, which system refers to the direct interactions an individual has with immediate surroundings, such as family and school?

Which concept in evolutionary psychology refers to the idea that certain traits or behaviors have been shaped by natural selection to enhance survival and reproduction?

What does the term 'epigenetics' refer to in the context of behavioral genetics?

What is the primary function of a developmental theory?

According to Freud's theory, what is the driving force behind the 'id'?

Which aspect of the self, according to Freudian theory, mediates between the id and the superego?

What is one of the main ways that theories are developed?

What is the role of the superego in Freud's theory of self?

How did Freud primarily conduct his research when working with patients?

What was Freud's initial focus when he began working with patients?

Which of the following is true about theories?

What best describes the id according to Freud?

What is one characteristic of the ego, according to Freud's theory?

What is a primary focus of developmental theories, when looking at growth in individuals?

What is one key concept to note about theories?

What did Freud propose about the influence of early childhood?

According to the content, why are classic theories still taught?

Many psychologists agree with what aspect of Freud's theory?

What is the role of the ego according to Erikson's theory?

What is a potential consequence of caregivers being unresponsive to an infant's needs during the Trust vs. Mistrust stage?

What psychosocial crisis do preschool children face according to Erikson?

How does Erikson's view of human motivation differ from Freud's?

Which of the following describes the primary task of toddlers in the Autonomy vs. Shame stage?

Why has Freud’s theory been criticized?

What results from successfully resolving the Industry vs. Inferiority stage?

What is a key component of Erikson's psychosocial theory?

Which stage involves children beginning to compare themselves with their peers?

What happens if children do not successfully navigate the Initiative vs. Guilt stage?

What does Erikson believe about personality development?

During which stage do infants learn that adults can be trusted?

What is a characteristic of Erikson's perspective on resolving life crises?

What is the term for a learned response that occurs due to a conditioned stimulus?

What did Pavlov use to create a conditioned response in his experiment?

Which psychologist believed that emotions and fears can be classically conditioned?

In operant conditioning, what is reinforcement intended to achieve?

What defines a positive punishment?

What is an example of a primary reinforcer?

How does negative reinforcement differ from punishment?

What was Watson's approach to parenting based on?

What action is the best definition of reinforcement?

Which of the following demonstrates classical conditioning in Watson's Little Albert experiment?

What type of reinforcer is a coupon for a free meal considered?

Which concept is often confused with negative reinforcement?

In what way is operant conditioning different from classical conditioning?

What is the main developmental task associated with adolescence according to Erikson?

What consequence may result from adolescents not developing a strong sense of self?

During which stage do individuals typically seek to establish deep connections with others?

What occurs if an individual does not master the challenges of middle adulthood?

What is the primary concern of individuals in late adulthood according to Erikson’s stages?

What do successful adolescents tend to have as a result of navigating identity vs. role confusion?

What is considered a positive outcome of the generativity vs. stagnation stage?

Which of the following best describes the issue of role confusion in adolescence?

Which scenario best illustrates negative punishment?

Erikson suggests that successful resolution of earlier life stages is crucial for which developmental stage?

What do individuals reflect upon in the integrity vs. despair stage?

According to the provided text, what is one potential drawback of using physical punishment?

What concept did Albert Bandura introduce to explain how individuals learn by observing the consequences of others' actions?

How does Erikson's theory view the occurrence of developmental stages?

What is a primary assertion of social learning theory?

What may happen to individuals who experience feelings of emotional isolation in early adulthood?

The Bobo doll experiment demonstrated that children are more likely to:

What does generativity involve in the context of middle adulthood?

Which stage of Erikson's development is characterized by feelings of pride or failure regarding one's life?

According to the information provided, what is a potential implication of increased media consumption by children?

How does the text suggest that children may act when they see aggressive behavior modeled by their parents?

What did Jean Piaget's early work testing children's IQ reveal about their thinking?

What does the concept of 'vicarious reinforcement' suggest about learning?

According to the provided text, what role do children play in shaping their environment?

What is the primary driving force behind the desire to understand the world, according to Piaget?

Which term describes the process of fitting new experiences into existing cognitive structures?

What is a key difference between negative punishment and positive punishment?

Why might a child who is physically punished become fearful?

What is the main focus of a child's knowledge during Piaget's sensorimotor stage?

What does the provided information suggest about the use of time-outs?

During which of Piaget's stages do children begin to utilize language and symbols?

What is a key characteristic of concrete operational thought?

How did Bandura's research on modeling and aggression influence the understanding of how children interact with media?

What is one of the key points made regarding the impact of parenting styles with the firstborn versus subsequent children?

At which stage of Piaget's theory does abstract thinking develop?

What is a major criticism of Piaget's theory?

According to Vygotsky, what is the main focus for the development of cognitive abilities?

What does Vygotsky mean by the term 'zone of proximal development'?

According to Vygotsky, how does learning typically occur?

Which of the following best describes the purpose of scaffolding in learning?

How would an adult likely understand a new food according to Piaget?

What cognitive process is involved when a child changes their understanding of dogs after seeing a cat?

Which of the following best illustrates a schema, as described by Piaget?

According to both Piaget's and Vygotsky's theories, how do children improve their cognitive skills?

What is the exception to the rule of the lobes being named after the skull bones that cover them?

Which of the following is NOT part of the brain stem?

Located beneath the cerebrum and behind the brainstem, the cerebellum is characterized by its:

What is the primary function of the hippocampus?

Which structure is responsible for mediating and controlling emotions?

According to Vygotsky, a child's learning is BEST understood by examining which factor?

Unlike Piaget, Vygotsky viewed the child as primarily:

In the Theory of Reasoned Action, which of the following is a direct predictor of behavioral intentions?

According to the Theory of Planned Behavior, what is a key variable that influences the link between intention and behavior?

What does the concept of 'subjective norms' refer to in the Theory of Reasoned Action and Theory of Planned Behavior?

In the Theory of Planned Behavior, what is the BEST way to determine the relative importance of attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control on intentions?

If someone has a strong positive attitude towards exercising but doesn't believe they have the time to do it regularly, according to the Theory of Planned Behavior, what would MOST likely be influenced?

In the context of the Theory of Planned Behavior, the principle of specificity emphasizes the necessity of what for predicting behavior?

In the Theory of Planned Behavior, what is the link between perceived behavioral control and behavior?

If a person's 'intention' to perform a behavior remains constant, what else might influence whether the person actually performs that behavior (according to the Theory of Planned Behavior)?

How does the Theory of Planned Behavior build upon the Theory of Reasoned Action?

Which of the following statements best reflects the role of 'intentions' within the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA)?

According to Vygotsky, if we want to understand an individual's capabilities, what should we prioritize when assessing them?

If a study finds that subjective norms are a very strong predictor of college students' intentions to meditate, what does this suggest?

According to the Theory of Planned Behavior, what are the components of a well-defined target behavior?

How does the specificity of a behavior impact the predictive power of intentions, according to the provided content?

According to the content, how does the temporal stability of intentions affect their relationship with behavior?

What role do anticipated emotions play in the Theory of Planned Behavior, as discussed in the content?

Which of the following anticipated emotions has been shown to influence intentions and behaviors, particularly in the context of social norms?

How does past habitual behavior primarily influence future behavior, according to the presented information?

According to the content, what is the main approach for changing an individual's attitudes, based on the Theory of Planned Behavior?

According to the Theory of Planned Behavior, what are the three main determinants of behavioral intentions that can be influenced?

According to the content, how would an intervention that aims to enhance the strength of an existing positive belief be presented?

What is one way to persuade someone, according to the text, by influencing their subjective norms?

If someone intends to meditate on some days but not on others, how might this impact the predictive power of their intentions, according to content?

What does the theory of planned behavior exclude, that some scholars have suggested it should incorporate?

What is the effect of increasing the salience of an existing negative belief, in terms of changing an individual's attitude?

According to the Theory of Planned Behavior, what two factors jointly determine an individual's subjective norms?

Using the Theory of Planned Behavior, how could a person's subjective norm about meditating be altered?

According to research mentioned in the provided content, which of the following behaviors is NOT influenced by past, habitual behavior?

What does the Theory of Planned Behavior suggest about the determinants of perceived behavioral control?

What does the provided content suggest about using the Theory of Planned Behavior to create persuasive messages?

Which strategy would be considered a method to directly change an individual's perceived behavioral control toward meditation?

If someone believes that a behaviour has positive outcomes, what effect does reducing the strength of that positive belief have?

In the Transtheoretical Model, during which stage is an individual actively making changes to their behavior?

According to the Transtheoretical Model, what is a key characteristic of the 'Maintenance' stage?

Which of these is not a characteristic of a SMART goal?

Why is setting a 'measurable' goal important, according to the SMART framework?

In the context of the SMART goal framework, what does the 'R' stand for?

What is a key characteristic of a 'specific' goal within the SMART goal framework?

Which of the following is an example of a goal that is best described as 'time-oriented', according to the SMART framework?

According to the provided text, which of these would be an example of altering a normative belief to encourage someone to meditate?

What does the theory of planned behavior suggest about how to influence a person's perceived behavioral control?

In the transtheoretical model, what is the primary difference between an individual in the 'contemplation' versus the 'preparation' stage?

If a person has been able to make and sustain a behavior change for 8 months, according to the stages of change, what is that stage called?

According to Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory, which system involves interactions between different microsystems?

In the context of family systems theory, what does 'boundaries' primarily refer to?

Which of the following is considered part of the 'exosystem' according to Bronfenbrenner?

What is the function of the 'chronosystem' in Bronfenbrenner's theory?

In family systems theory, what does the term 'hierarchy' best represent?

According to family systems theory, family 'rules' are best described as:

How does family systems theory view the family?

In the context of a family 'eco-map', what do the lines connecting different systems to the family represent?

What does 'equilibrium' refer to in family systems theory?

What can a family be a source of?

Which of the following is not explicitly listed as part of the exosystem?

What does the 'climate' refer to within the family systems theory?

Where do individuals learn behaviors?

According to the content, what does an eco-map help a family do?

The concept of 'family roles' is related to which area in family systems theory?

What does an overly sparse family eco-map suggest?

According to family systems theory, what is a key feature of 'the family'?

Which of the following is the best example of an individual with an internal locus of control?

What does the concept of 'subsystems' within a family system refer to?

What is the key difference between self-efficacy and locus of control?

How does change in one part of a family system typically affect the entire system?

Which statement best describes a person with an external locus of control?

In the context of goal setting, what does it mean for a goal to be 'feasible'?

According to evolutionary psychology, what is the main driver of evolution?

What is the primary function of having a 'time-oriented' objective when setting goals?

What is a core concept of the theory of natural selection?

Which of the following is an example of a macrosystem according to Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems model?

How do evolutionary psychologists explain mate selection preferences in men?

What is the theory of evolution by natural selection most dependent on?

What does the term 'chronosystem' refer to in Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems model?

What is a common misconception about evolution?

According to Bronfenbrenner, what is the 'microsystem'?

What does an overly saturated family eco-map signify?

How does the mesosystem impact a child's development according to Bronfenbrenner’s model?

Which best describes the main point of Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems model?

According to evolutionary psychology, why might women have evolved to prefer men with resources?

What is an example of an exosystem influence on a child's development?

How does the idea of a system relate to family dynamics?

What kind of change is typically considered stressful for a family system?

According to the content, what is one key factor that influences development, as highlighted by Bronfenbrenner?

What is a major aspect of studying human development from an evolutionary psychology perspective?

In the ecological systems model, why is it important to consider relationships between individuals and their surroundings?

What is meant by the term 'reproductive success' in the context of natural selection?

How would Bronfenbrenner suggest understanding a student's challenges in math?

What does a low score indicate on the Locus of Control questionnaire mentioned in the text?

According to Freud's psychosexual theory, what is the primary focus of stimulation and comfort during the oral stage?

What is the main developmental challenge during the anal stage, according to Freud?

What is a potential outcome of fixation at the anal stage?

What is the Oedipal complex, a concept described by Freud, associated with?

According to Freud, what experience does a little girl face during the phallic stage?

What is the main characteristic of the latency stage in Freud's psychosexual theory?

According to Freud, what is the primary focus of the genital stage?

In Freud's theory, what does the term 'fixation' refer to?

How does the theory of natural selection describe the relationship between organisms and their environments?

What does Freud suggest about the development of the superego?

What is the primary focus of behavioral geneticists in their studies?

If an individual does not successfully resolve the challenges of the latency stage, what might they experience as an adult?

Which view asserts that one's genetic makeup limits the potential that can be achieved based on environmental factors?

According to Freud, during which stage of psychosexual development does a child first develop a sense of self-control?

In Freud’s theory, what is most associated with the concept of the 'Id' during infancy?

What does the concept of genetic environmental correlation imply?

Which of the following best describes the concept of ‘castration anxiety’ in Freud’s theory?

Epigenetics focuses on which aspect of genetic expression?

In what way does the 'Ego' assist an adolescent during the genital stage?

Which of the following best describes the nature vs. nurture debate?

What challenge is often encountered when isolating the effects of nature and nurture?

A 'phallic male', according to Freud, might experience which of the following?

Which of the following is a possible outcome of a person’s range of reaction?

How might a child of a professional athlete's environment affect their genetic potential?

Identical twins can show different health outcomes despite having the same genotype due to which of the following?

What is one implication of polygenic traits in relation to nature and nurture?

Which of the following scenarios illustrates the concept of genetic environmental correlation?

Which aspect of human behavior does the range of reaction concept primarily illustrate?

How does epigenetics differ from the range of reaction concept in genetics?

What do genetic linkages to behavioral characteristics indicate about the influence of genes?

What was the percentage of adoptees with a high genetic risk raised in disturbed environments who developed schizophrenia?

What is the primary role of the pituitary gland within the endocrine system?

What is one of the main functions of hormones in the body?

Which disorder is associated with hyperthyroidism?

How does the endocrine system primarily communicate its signals?

Which of the following statements about gene-environment interactions is true?

What hormonal imbalance can result from the thyroid gland secreting too much thyroxine?

What did the study of adoptees reveal about the development of schizophrenia?

What impact do hormones generally have on the body compared to neurotransmitters?

Which gland is primarily responsible for controlling fluid levels in the body?

Why is family medical history significant in assessing genetic predisposition?

What do both genetic vulnerabilities and environmental stress contribute to?

What primary function do the hormones insulin and glucagon serve in the pancreas?

Which of the following statements about gonadal hormones is true?

How can behaviors influence hormone concentrations, as demonstrated by studies on zebra finches?

What trend was observed in testosterone levels among male fans during the World Cup soccer match?

Which structure connects the left and right hemispheres of the cerebral cortex?

What is the primary function of the frontal lobe?

What condition is characterized by damage to neural tissue in the brain?

Which part of the brain is specifically involved with hearing?

What structure of the brain is primarily responsible for somatic sensory functions?

What might happen to testosterone levels in male mice after losing a fight?

What is typically observed in the cerebral cortex of smaller-brained animals like rats?

What is a common aspect of brain dysfunction associated with psychiatric conditions?

Which hormone is notably linked to sexual motivation and behavior in women?

Which part of the brain is responsible for control of vision?