20 Questions
What is the primary foundation from which the self emerges, according to developmentalists?
Affectional relationships between parents and infants
What is necessary for a child to attain 'self-permanence' according to Piaget?
Basic understanding of object permanence
What is the primary role of primary attachments in the development of the self?
To serve as the foundation for the emergence of the self
Who emphasized the importance of recognizing separateness from mother before developing a sense of self?
Freud
What is the primary focus of developmentalists, such as Freud and Piaget, in the development of the self?
Emergence of the self from infancy
During what stage of life does the infant 'build on' the attachment relationship?
The first two years of life
What is the primary difference between Freud and Piaget's views on the development of the self?
Freud focused on separateness from mother, while Piaget focused on object permanence
What is the primary outcome of developing primary attachments?
Development of a sense of self
What is the primary role of the family in the development of the self?
To serve as the foundation for the development of primary attachments
Who are the primary individuals involved in the development of the self, according to developmentalists?
Parents and family members
At what age do infants develop their self-concept?
Around 20-24 months
What is the first step in the development of the sense of self?
Making a toy squeak or moving an object
What is the 'categorical self' also known as?
The objective self
When do children start to recognize static representations of themselves?
Around 18 months
At what age do children start to perceive the self as having traits and qualities that are stable?
Around 2 years old
What is a key aspect of the 'categorical self'?
One's gender identity
At what age do children start to attach importance to their possessions?
Around 4 years old
What influences a child's self-image at around 5 years old?
Evaluations from others
What is the 'self' in the context of child development?
The child's knowledge of their attributes and values
Why is the development of the sense of self closely related to cognitive development?
Because it is closely related to the child's level of cognitive development
Study Notes
Development of Self-Concept
- Infants are born without a sense of self, and primary attachments with family members and others serve as the foundation for the self to emerge.
- Recognizing separateness from mother is essential for a child to develop a sense of self (Freud).
- Object permanence is necessary for a child to attain "self-permanence" (Piaget).
Stages of Self-Concept Development
- 20-24 months: Infants develop their self-concept, recognizing themselves as separate entities from others and recognizing differences between people.
- Separation of "Self" from "Non-Self": Children recognize they are separate from objects and others, developing an inner sense of "I" and "I exist".
- Categorical Self: Children notice differences between people and categorize themselves on dimensions such as age and gender.
- Static Representation of the Self: Around 18 months, children recognize static representations of themselves, such as identifying themselves in photographs.
Age-Related Developments
- Age 2 or 3: Children perceive the self as stable and organized, with traits and qualities that are not easily changing.
- Age 4: Children attach importance to their possessions and develop a proprietary attitude towards their toys and other objects.
- Age 5: Children's self-image is influenced by evaluations from others, and they begin to incorporate these evaluations into their self-image.
- Age 5-6: Children start to verbally express their self-concept, introducing themselves and using categorical terms to describe themselves.
Explore the formation of self-concept in infants, influenced by relationships with family, peers, and other adults. Understand the significance of primary attachments in shaping the self.
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