Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT considered a conception of age?
Which of the following is NOT considered a conception of age?
The Fourth Age is typically considered to be between 60 and 79 years of age.
The Fourth Age is typically considered to be between 60 and 79 years of age.
False (B)
What is the term for the inborn characteristics inherited from biological parents?
What is the term for the inborn characteristics inherited from biological parents?
heredity
A concept about the nature of reality that is based on shared societal perceptions or assumptions is known as a social ______.
A concept about the nature of reality that is based on shared societal perceptions or assumptions is known as a social ______.
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Match the following terms with their correct description:
Match the following terms with their correct description:
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Which of these is included in socioeconomic status (SES)?
Which of these is included in socioeconomic status (SES)?
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Risk factors always lead to negative developmental outcomes.
Risk factors always lead to negative developmental outcomes.
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What is a family unit made up of parents and their children called?
What is a family unit made up of parents and their children called?
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What is the primary purpose of a control group in an experiment?
What is the primary purpose of a control group in an experiment?
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In a field experiment, the participants are brought to a special lab setting.
In a field experiment, the participants are brought to a special lab setting.
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What is the term for the condition that an experimenter manipulates in an experiment?
What is the term for the condition that an experimenter manipulates in an experiment?
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A study that compares people of different ages assessed on one occasion is a ______ study.
A study that compares people of different ages assessed on one occasion is a ______ study.
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Match each type of study design with its correct description:
Match each type of study design with its correct description:
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Which of the following best describes a 'confound' in an experiment?
Which of the following best describes a 'confound' in an experiment?
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Random assignment means that every participant in an experiment has an unequal chance of being placed in any given group.
Random assignment means that every participant in an experiment has an unequal chance of being placed in any given group.
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What type of research involves comparing people who have been accidentally assigned to separate groups due to life circumstances?
What type of research involves comparing people who have been accidentally assigned to separate groups due to life circumstances?
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Which of the following is NOT a book cited in the provided text?
Which of the following is NOT a book cited in the provided text?
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The provided text consists of excerpts from only one book.
The provided text consists of excerpts from only one book.
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Name one of the authors listed in the provided text.
Name one of the authors listed in the provided text.
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The provided text includes two books from the publisher ________
The provided text includes two books from the publisher ________
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Match the author(s) with the book title.
Match the author(s) with the book title.
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How many different page numbers are visible in the provided text?
How many different page numbers are visible in the provided text?
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Both books mentioned are from the 17th edition.
Both books mentioned are from the 17th edition.
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What is the title of the 9th edition book mentioned?
What is the title of the 9th edition book mentioned?
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What is the purpose of disseminating research findings?
What is the purpose of disseminating research findings?
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A sample is the entire group to whom the findings in research may apply.
A sample is the entire group to whom the findings in research may apply.
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What is the term for applying results from a sample study to the population as a whole?
What is the term for applying results from a sample study to the population as a whole?
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A method of selecting participants where everyone has an equal chance of being chosen is called ______ selection.
A method of selecting participants where everyone has an equal chance of being chosen is called ______ selection.
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Match these data collection methods to their descriptions.
Match these data collection methods to their descriptions.
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Which type of interview allows the interviewer to change topics and ask different follow-up questions?
Which type of interview allows the interviewer to change topics and ask different follow-up questions?
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Laboratory observation involves studying behavior in natural settings without intervention.
Laboratory observation involves studying behavior in natural settings without intervention.
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What is a test considered when it measures what it is intended to measure?
What is a test considered when it measures what it is intended to measure?
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Which principle of development states that the upper parts of the body develop before the lower parts?
Which principle of development states that the upper parts of the body develop before the lower parts?
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What is a common sleep-related problem experienced by infants?
What is a common sleep-related problem experienced by infants?
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The mesoderm will form into the digestive system, liver, and pancreas.
The mesoderm will form into the digestive system, liver, and pancreas.
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What is the name of the fluid-filled sphere of cells that implants in the uterus?
What is the name of the fluid-filled sphere of cells that implants in the uterus?
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The American Academy of Pediatrics encourages shared sleeping with infants.
The American Academy of Pediatrics encourages shared sleeping with infants.
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The ______ is the outermost layer of the amniotic sac.
The ______ is the outermost layer of the amniotic sac.
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What does REM sleep stand for?
What does REM sleep stand for?
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Depressed brain activity has been found in children who grow up in a ______ environment.
Depressed brain activity has been found in children who grow up in a ______ environment.
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Which of these is NOT formed from the ectoderm?
Which of these is NOT formed from the ectoderm?
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Match the germ layers with their corresponding structures:
Match the germ layers with their corresponding structures:
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Match each sleep characteristic with its description.
Match each sleep characteristic with its description.
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What is the name given to molecules that direct the differentiation of the various body parts?
What is the name given to molecules that direct the differentiation of the various body parts?
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The embryonic stage spans from fertilization to 2 weeks.
The embryonic stage spans from fertilization to 2 weeks.
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Study Notes
Developmental Psychology Review
- PSY 4329 is a course covering developmental psychology.
- The course material reviews topics such as nature and nurture, research methods, developmental theories, and principles.
- Development is framed as a lifelong process, studied scientifically & interdisciplinary.
- Developmental psychology examines change and stability throughout the human life span.
- Early approaches to studying development include baby biographies.
- The traditional approach focused on change mostly up to adolescence.
- The life-span approach emphasizes change across the entire life span.
- Current life expectancy is approximately 78 years.
- Developmental issues include those dealing with health, well-being, and parenting, alongside cultural, socioeconomic status, and gender.
- Core developmental tasks involve dealing with physical, cognitive, and socioemotional domain development.
- The study of development touches on biological, cognitive, and socioemotional processes, as well as social policy.
- Critical components of contextual factors include heredity, environment, and maturation, major contextual influences, and contemporary concerns like health and well-being within the domain of parenting and education.
Introduction to Birth
- Human development is the scientific study of change and stability from conception to the end of life.
- Early approaches to the study included baby biographies.
- The life-span perspective emphasizes a lifelong process of change and growth.
- Current life expectancy is approximately 78 years.
- The study of human development is interdisciplinary.
Context and Contemporary Concerns of Development
- Contextual influences occur within a setting, including normative age-graded and history-graded influences, and non-normative life events.
- Contemporary concerns of development cover health, well-being, parenting and education, and sociocultural contexts.
- Health and well-being is a significant topic area of concern.
- Socioeconomic status and diversity, which include culture, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status, are important topics for research.
Developmental Processes and Changes
- Developmental changes are a result of biological, cognitive, and socioemotional processes.
- Qualitative change describes a difference in kind: e.g., nonverbal to verbal communication.
- Quantitative change is a number or amount: e.g., increasing height.
- Stability is the ongoing constancy in a person's personality and behavior.
- Periods of development include prenatal, infancy, early childhood, middle childhood, adolescence, early adulthood, middle adulthood, and late adulthood.
- Domains of development, a dimension of development (physical, cognitive, and psychosocial), encompasses these periods.
The Nature of Development
- Key periods of development include prenatal, infancy, early childhood, middle and late childhood, adolescence, early adulthood, middle adulthood, and late adulthood.
Developmental Psychology Theories
- Key theories of development and their focus are presented:
- Psychoanalytic (Freud's, Erikson’s)
- Cognitive (Piaget’s)
- Cognitive-Developmental (Vygotsky’s)
- Behavioral and social theories
- Each theory offers unique viewpoints to understanding human development.
Piaget's Cognitive Developmental Theory
- Piaget's theory emphasizes stages of cognitive development.
- Key concepts include:
- Sensorimotor stage (0-2 years)
- Preoperational stage (2-7 years)
- Concrete operational stage (7-11 years)
- Formal operational stage (11 years & beyond).
Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory
- Vygotsky's theory emphasizes social interaction in cognitive development.
- Critical concepts include:
- Zone of proximal development (ZPD): The difference between what a learner can do independently and what they can do with guidance.
- Scaffolding: Supportive learning and problem-solving strategies.
- Development is socially constructed.
Information Processing
- Information processing approach emphasizes a gradual increase in processing capacity.
- Stages include: Sensory, Working, and Long-Term memory.
Theories of Development (other than Piaget, Erikson)
- Key components of behavioral and social cognitive theory (Skinner, Bandura).
- Classical and operant conditioning— key learning mechanisms.
- Key concepts of ethological theory.
- Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory— considers multiple levels of environment (e.g., microsystem, exosystem, macrosystem).
Research Methods in Developmental Psychology
- Research methods in developmental psychology can range from observation studies to larger-scale quantitative studies (surveys):
- Observation (structured, naturalistic)
- Interviews
- Standardized tests
- Case studies
- Ethical considerations in conducting research involve informed consent, avoiding deception, minimizing risks, and providing debriefing.
Developmental Issues
- Nature vs. nurture refers to the role of genetics vs the environment on development.
- Stability/change (continuity/discontinuity) are factors of development over time.
- Social construction: Societal shared perceptions or assumptions about the nature of reality.
Prenatal Influences on Development
- Prenatal development involves three stages: germinal, embryonic, and fetal (conception to birth).
- Environmental factors, including malnutrition, maternal or paternal diseases, exposure to harmful substances, can significantly impact development.
- Prenatal care refers to the medical care provided during gestation.
The Neonate, Infancy into Toddlerhood
- The neonate period is the first month or so after birth.
- Infancy extends into toddlerhood, from the early months of life to about two years of age.
- Developmental processes cover physical, cognitive, emotional, and social domains.
- Key developmental milestones, such as speech, motor skills, and social interaction, are highlighted.
- Developmental issues, such as temperament, attachment, and the development of a sense of self, are presented.
Early Childhood
- Key developmental aspects of early childhood, from ages 2 to 6 years, are detailed including physical development, language development, cognitive development, and socioemotional development.
- Developmental issues, such as moral development and gender differences, and the context of early childhood environments are discussed.
- A variety of factors involved in child care and parental influences are analyzed.
Middle Childhood
- Development, including physical, cognitive, and socioemotional, are detailed for ages 6 to 12 years.
- Developmental issues, such as moral reasoning, peer relationships, gender differences, and influences of culture/society are presented.
Adolescent Development
- Physical, cognitive, and socioemotional development of adolescents (ages 12 to 18), including puberty, cognitive changes (formal operational stage), and identity formation, are described.
- Developmental issues, such as identity development, peer relationships, and the impact of culture/society, are presented.
Adulthood Stages
- Physical, cognitive, and socioemotional aspects of adult development are discussed, particularly for early, middle, and late adulthood stages.
- Developmental issues, such as career development, marital relationships, parenting, and health, are highlighted.
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Description
Test your knowledge on concepts of age, socioeconomic status (SES), and experimental design in developmental psychology. This quiz covers various terms and definitions crucial to understanding human development across the lifespan.
