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Questions and Answers
______ refers to inborn traits that one inherits. _____ refers to environmental influences, such as diet, parenting, and educational experience.
______ refers to inborn traits that one inherits. _____ refers to environmental influences, such as diet, parenting, and educational experience.
Nature; Nurture
Which is not used to measure one's socioeconomic status (SES)?
Which is not used to measure one's socioeconomic status (SES)?
According to Bronfenbrenner's ecological-systems model, cultural patterns and social conditions are found in the:
According to Bronfenbrenner's ecological-systems model, cultural patterns and social conditions are found in the:
Macrosystem
A hypothesis is:
A hypothesis is:
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In an experiment, the ______ variable is manipulated to determine its effects on the outcome.
In an experiment, the ______ variable is manipulated to determine its effects on the outcome.
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To study the long-term effects of poverty on children's development, Dr. Vasquez and his research team followed the same group of children from age 2 to age 16. Dr. Vasquez was using a(n) _______ research design.
To study the long-term effects of poverty on children's development, Dr. Vasquez and his research team followed the same group of children from age 2 to age 16. Dr. Vasquez was using a(n) _______ research design.
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When conducting research on human participants, the MOST important safeguards are those that:
When conducting research on human participants, the MOST important safeguards are those that:
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Which of the following is NOT a step in the scientific method?
Which of the following is NOT a step in the scientific method?
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Chromosomes are molecules of:
Chromosomes are molecules of:
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When a sperm and an ovum fuse, a one-celled _____ is formed.
When a sperm and an ovum fuse, a one-celled _____ is formed.
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Differentiation occurs during the:
Differentiation occurs during the:
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Genes that produce characteristic traits through the interaction of genetics and environmental influences are referred to as:
Genes that produce characteristic traits through the interaction of genetics and environmental influences are referred to as:
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Some men are color-blind because they inherit a particular recessive gene from their mother. That recessive gene is carried on the:
Some men are color-blind because they inherit a particular recessive gene from their mother. That recessive gene is carried on the:
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It was King Henry's 'fault' that he had no sons because only a male can contribute the Y chromosome containing the male development genes.
It was King Henry's 'fault' that he had no sons because only a male can contribute the Y chromosome containing the male development genes.
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Which is a good reason for a couple to receive genetic counseling before they plan a pregnancy?
Which is a good reason for a couple to receive genetic counseling before they plan a pregnancy?
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John's mother has blue eyes, and his father has brown eyes. John's phenotype eye color is brown. Therefore, the genotype of his eye-color genes is:
John's mother has blue eyes, and his father has brown eyes. John's phenotype eye color is brown. Therefore, the genotype of his eye-color genes is:
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The CORRECT order for human growth before birth is:
The CORRECT order for human growth before birth is:
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The age of viability refers to the:
The age of viability refers to the:
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The MOST critical period of vulnerability to teratogens occurs during the:
The MOST critical period of vulnerability to teratogens occurs during the:
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The MOST prevalent cause for small gestational age (SGA) babies is:
The MOST prevalent cause for small gestational age (SGA) babies is:
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What does the Apgar scale measure?
What does the Apgar scale measure?
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What is the potential outcome of a pregnant woman continuing to drink wine?
What is the potential outcome of a pregnant woman continuing to drink wine?
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Why should you wait to share the news of a positive pregnancy test?
Why should you wait to share the news of a positive pregnancy test?
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Because the entire embryonic stage is a critical period:
Because the entire embryonic stage is a critical period:
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Lisa had a normal weight at birth but then went through a period of malnourishment. Thankfully, this did not impact her brain. This is an example of:
Lisa had a normal weight at birth but then went through a period of malnourishment. Thankfully, this did not impact her brain. This is an example of:
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Nerve cells of the central nervous system that are found mostly in the brain are called:
Nerve cells of the central nervous system that are found mostly in the brain are called:
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The great increase in the number of dendrites that occurs during the first two years of a baby's life is:
The great increase in the number of dendrites that occurs during the first two years of a baby's life is:
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_____ occurs when the brain notices and interprets a sensation.
_____ occurs when the brain notices and interprets a sensation.
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A formula-fed baby is likely to _____ than a breast-fed baby.
A formula-fed baby is likely to _____ than a breast-fed baby.
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Which statement is a likely explanation for why first-born infants are more likely to exhibit sleep problems than later-borns?
Which statement is a likely explanation for why first-born infants are more likely to exhibit sleep problems than later-borns?
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When you stroke your newborn baby's cheek, he turns his head toward your hand and opens his mouth. Which survival reflex is he demonstrating?
When you stroke your newborn baby's cheek, he turns his head toward your hand and opens his mouth. Which survival reflex is he demonstrating?
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You can expect that a 9-pound newborn who develops along normal lines will be _____ pounds at 4 months of age and _____ pounds at 1 year of age.
You can expect that a 9-pound newborn who develops along normal lines will be _____ pounds at 4 months of age and _____ pounds at 1 year of age.
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This is the realization that objects still exist, even if they can no longer be seen, touched, or heard.
This is the realization that objects still exist, even if they can no longer be seen, touched, or heard.
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Madilyn pulled the chair to the counter in order to reach the cookie jar. This 'little scientist' behavior is MOST likely to occur in Piaget's:
Madilyn pulled the chair to the counter in order to reach the cookie jar. This 'little scientist' behavior is MOST likely to occur in Piaget's:
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Several days after witnessing her sister open a kitchen cupboard, 1-year-old Madilyn tries it herself, thus demonstrating the concept of:
Several days after witnessing her sister open a kitchen cupboard, 1-year-old Madilyn tries it herself, thus demonstrating the concept of:
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The language interaction between a baby and a caring adult is sometimes called:
The language interaction between a baby and a caring adult is sometimes called:
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An infant's first vocal communication that is not reflexive is:
An infant's first vocal communication that is not reflexive is:
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Henry is 16 months old. He points at the refrigerator and says, 'Juice?' What form of speech is he using?
Henry is 16 months old. He points at the refrigerator and says, 'Juice?' What form of speech is he using?
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You believe that children are prewired to learn any language. Which language theory influenced your thinking?
You believe that children are prewired to learn any language. Which language theory influenced your thinking?
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Satisfying a child's basic needs with care, consistency, and continuity reflects:
Satisfying a child's basic needs with care, consistency, and continuity reflects:
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The theory that connects biosocial with psychosocial development is _____ theory.
The theory that connects biosocial with psychosocial development is _____ theory.
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A child who seeks contact when distressed would be considered:
A child who seeks contact when distressed would be considered:
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Separation anxiety indicates the presence of secure attachment.
Separation anxiety indicates the presence of secure attachment.
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When 12-month-old Nicholas looked at his mother to see her expression as a stranger entered the room, he was demonstrating:
When 12-month-old Nicholas looked at his mother to see her expression as a stranger entered the room, he was demonstrating:
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Alice appears to be embarrassed when her mom tells her, 'Sing for grandma!' Alice hides behind her mother's legs and peeks out. How old do you think Alice is?
Alice appears to be embarrassed when her mom tells her, 'Sing for grandma!' Alice hides behind her mother's legs and peeks out. How old do you think Alice is?
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Sally takes her 20-month-old son to the park. After playing for five minutes, he runs back to mom, touches her, and then runs off again. The son's behavior would be called:
Sally takes her 20-month-old son to the park. After playing for five minutes, he runs back to mom, touches her, and then runs off again. The son's behavior would be called:
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Infant and toddler day care is potentially detrimental to development when:
Infant and toddler day care is potentially detrimental to development when:
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STUDY APGAR SCALE
STUDY APGAR SCALE
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Study Notes
Nature vs. Nurture
- "Nature" encompasses inherited traits from biological parents.
- "Nurture" involves all environmental influences like diet, parenting, and education.
Socioeconomic Status (SES)
- Ethnic background is not a measure of one’s socioeconomic status.
Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems Model
- Cultural patterns and social conditions exist in the macrosystem.
Hypothesis
- A hypothesis is a testable specific prediction.
Independent Variable
- In experiments, the independent variable is the factor manipulated to observe its effect.
Longitudinal Research Design
- Following the same group from age 2 to age 16 exemplifies a longitudinal study.
Research Safeguards
- The most crucial safeguard in research is ensuring no harm comes to participants.
Scientific Method
- Providing ideas for future research is not a recognized step in the scientific method.
Chromosomes
- Chromosomes consist of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).
Zygote Formation
- A zygote is formed when a sperm and ovum fuse.
Differentiation
- Differentiation takes place during the germinal period.
Multifactorial Genes
- Genes that create characteristics through genetic-environment interactions are termed multifactorial.
Color Blindness Inheritance
- Color-blindness in men is linked to a recessive gene on the X chromosome from their mother.
King Henry VIII and Male Heirs
- King Henry VIII's inability to produce male heirs was due to his contribution of the Y chromosome.
Genetic Counseling
- Couples with relatives affected by serious genetic disorders should seek genetic counseling before pregnancy.
Genotype and Phenotype
- John's eye color is brown, but it’s unclear if he has a homozygous or heterozygous genotype.
Stages of Human Development
- The correct order of prenatal development is: germinal, embryonic, and fetal periods.
Age of Viability
- The age of viability is when a fetus can survive outside of the womb with medical assistance.
Vulnerability to Teratogens
- The embryonic period is the most critical time for vulnerability to teratogens.
Causes of Small Gestational Age (SGA)
- Tobacco is the leading cause of SGA babies.
Apgar Scale
- The Apgar scale assesses a newborn’s heart rate among other vital signs.
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
- Continued alcohol consumption during pregnancy may lead to fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS).
Embryo Spontaneous Abortion Risk
- There is a 20% risk of spontaneous abortion before sharing pregnancy news.
Critical Period for Teratogens
- The entire embryonic stage is a critical period, necessitating avoiding teratogens.
Head Sparing
- Lisa's normal brain development after a malnourished period exemplifies head sparing.
Neurons
- Neurons are the primary nerve cells in the central nervous system, mainly found in the brain.
Transient Exuberance
- A significant increase in dendrites during a baby's first two years is known as transient exuberance.
Perception Defined
- Perception occurs when the brain interprets a detected sensation.
Formula-fed Babies
- Formula-fed infants are often more prone to allergies compared to breastfed infants.
First-born Sleep Problems
- First-born children may experience more sleep issues due to inexperienced new parents.
Rooting Reflex
- When a newborn turns its head and opens its mouth when its cheek is stroked, it shows the rooting reflex.
Infant Weight Progression
- A typical 9-pound newborn will weigh approximately 18 pounds at 4 months and 27 pounds at 1 year.
Object Permanence
- Object permanence is the understanding that objects continue to exist even when out of sight.
Piaget's "Little Scientist" Behavior
- Madilyn's problem-solving actions exemplify behavior observed in Piaget's stage 5.
Deferred Imitation
- Imitating actions witnessed days earlier demonstrates deferred imitation in infants.
Child-Directed Speech
- The engaging language interaction between a baby and adult is known as child-directed speech.
Infant Vocal Communication
- Coos are the first non-reflexive vocal communications by infants.
Holophrase
- A 16-month-old's use of a single word to express a request, such as "Juice?", is an example of a holophrase.
Language Theory
- The belief that children are inherently capable of language acquisition is influenced by Chomsky's theory.
Trust vs. Mistrust
- Meeting a child's basic needs with care reflects the psychosocial stage of trust versus mistrust.
Psychoanalytic Theory
- This theory connects biosocial and psychosocial development.
Secure Attachment
- A child who seeks comfort from a caregiver when distressed shows secure attachment.
Separation Anxiety
- Indications of separation anxiety suggest secure attachment to caregivers.
Social Referencing
- Nicholas demonstrates social referencing by looking to his mother for cues in new situations.
Toddler Behavior at the Park
- Contact-maintaining behavior is when a child periodically returns to their caregiver for reassurance after exploring.
Impact of Day Care
- Language development can suffer in toddler day care, particularly if communication is minimal.
Apgar Scale Review
- Focus on the Apgar scale's components and significances for newborn health assessment.
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Description
This quiz covers essential concepts from chapters 1 to 4 of Developmental Psychology. Key terms such as nature vs. nurture and socioeconomic status measurement are included. Engage with the material and test your understanding of influential theories and models.
