Developmental Psychology Overview

Trust vs. Mistrust, where infants develop a sense of trust based on caregiver responsiveness.

Characterized by abstract and hypothetical thinking, develops in adolescence.

A sensitive period for forming strong emotional bonds with caregivers in infancy.

Understanding that objects continue to exist even when out of sight, develops around 8-12 months.

Infant shows distress when caregiver leaves, but is easily soothed upon return, healthy attachment.

Adolescent explores different roles, values, and beliefs to develop a sense of self.

Piaget's stage where children develop logical reasoning skills age 7 to 11.

Establishing personal identity during adolescence.

The process where a child incorporates new information into existing schemas, even if it doesn't quite fit.

A stage in adolescent development where teenagers explore different roles and identities to form a sense of self.

A parenting style characterized by love, clear expectations, and open communication.

A stage of psychosocial development where adults at midlife aim to create and contribute to society.

The influence of a group of peers to encourage certain behavior(s).

Motivations that exist or operate outside of conscious awareness.

The highest level of Maslow's hierarchy, focusing on personal growth and fulfillment.

The part of the personality representing internalized moral standards and ideals, acting as a conscience and guiding behavior towards socially acceptable actions.

A universal, inherited reservoir of shared archetypes and symbols common to all humans, according to Carl Jung.

A feeling of insecurity and helplessness that arises from a lack of parental warmth and security, according to Karen Horney.

A crucial element in Carl Rogers' person-centered therapy, involving complete acceptance and valuing of another person, regardless of their behavior.

The 16 Personality Factor model developed by Raymond Cattell, measuring personality traits along 16 dimensions.

A coping mechanism in Karen Horney's theory, where individuals seek to avoid intimacy and emotional involvement with others, driven by fears of vulnerability and rejection.

A personality trait characterized by heightened emotional reactivity, experiencing frequent negative emotions like anxiety, sadness, and anger.

An individual's belief in their own ability to succeed in a specific situation, according to Albert Bandura.

Adjusting your behavior to match a group's standards or expectations. It's like blending in to fit in.

Following commands or instructions from an authority figure, even if you disagree.

The uncomfortable feeling you get when your beliefs and actions clash.

Explaining someone's behavior based on external factors, like the situation or environment.

Acting selflessly and helping others without expecting anything in return.

The tendency to attribute our own actions to external factors but blame others' actions on internal factors.

The phenomenon where people are less likely to help someone in need when others are around.

Making up for a perceived weakness or inadequacy by excelling in another area.

The tendency to attribute successes to internal factors (like ability or effort) and failures to external factors (like bad luck or circumstances).

One of the Big Five personality traits, describing a person's willingness to try new things, embrace new ideas, and think flexibly.

Social psychology primarily examines how individuals interact with and influence each other.

Groupthink occurs when a group prioritizes harmony and conformity over critical thinking, leading to poor decisions.

The phenomenon where individuals feel less personal responsibility to act in an emergency situation when others are present. The responsibility seems spread out.

A process where a group's initial leanings become more extreme after group discussions. They become more polarized in their opinions.

Deindividuation is the loss of self-awareness and individual accountability in a group setting.

This persuasion strategy involves starting with a small request, making people more likely to agree to a larger request later.

Individuals feel less accountable for actions in a group because responsibility is shared.

This persuasion strategy involves making a large, unreasonable request first, followed by a smaller, more acceptable request.

The Stanford Prison Experiment demonstrated that social roles and situations strongly influence behavior.

People might not help a victim in a crowd because they assume someone else will.