Developmental Psychology Overview

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which parenting style exhibits high levels of responsiveness and demandingness?

Authoritative (correct)
Neglectful
Permissive
Authoritarian

Individuals with avoidant attachment are known for being:

Extremely trusting and easily forming deep emotional connections.
Discomfortable with closeness and using avoidance strategies to maintain distance. (correct)
Highly sensitive to rejection and constantly seeking reassurance.
Comfortable with intimacy and forming strong attachments.

What is a key indicator of self-awareness in young children?

Being able to name their emotions and express them verbally.
Engaging in imaginative play, such as role-playing or pretend scenarios.
Developing a sense of humor and understanding jokes.
The ability to recognize themselves in a mirror. (correct)

Which characteristic is NOT directly associated with attachment deprivation effects?

Enhanced social skills and empathy. (C) Signup and view all the answers

At what age do individuals typically develop a self-concept?

Around the age of 12. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary conflict that adolescents often face according to Erikson's stages of psychosocial development?

Identity vs. Role Confusion (D) Signup and view all the answers

According to the socioemotional selectivity theory, what is the primary focus of older adults' emotional regulation strategy?

Maximizing positive emotional experiences (C) Signup and view all the answers

How do the telomeres of chromosomes contribute to aging?

Telomeres shorten with age, making cells more susceptible to damage and death. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these features is NOT a characteristic of emerging adulthood?

Financial Stability (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does collectivist culture typically approach identity development in children?

Emphasizing dependence on family and conformity to traditions (B) Signup and view all the answers

According to Piaget, what stage of cognitive development is characterized by the ability to understand conservation?

Concrete operational (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which existing schemas are adjusted or modified to incorporate new experiences?

Accommodation (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these scenarios is NOT a demonstration of the concept of object permanence?

A baby cries when their parent leaves the room. (C) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of cognitive development, what does the term 'scaffolding' refer to?

The gradual process of building up a child's understanding through assistance. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between Piaget's and Vygotsky's theories of cognitive development?

Vygotsky emphasizes the role of social interaction, while Piaget focuses on individual exploration. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which cognitive ability allows children to understand that a person's beliefs may differ from their own, even if those beliefs are incorrect?

Theory of mind (A) Signup and view all the answers

According to Piaget, what is the defining characteristic of the preoperational stage?

The ability to use symbols and represent schemas with language and imagery. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the tendency for pre-schoolers to struggle to see situations from another person's perspective?

Egocentrism (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a key difference between Piaget's theory and modern research on cognitive development?

Modern research suggests that development is less continuous and more stage-like than Piaget believed. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of how infants demonstrate basic understanding of physics?

A baby looks longer at an impossible event, such as a ball passing through a solid object. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason behind the observed rise in IQ scores across generations, as explained by the Flynn effect?

Improvements in education, nutrition, and problem-solving experiences. (C) Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, how does the brain's structure relate to intelligence?

Efficient connections between brain regions are important for intelligence. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of intellectual disability?

A decline in cognitive abilities due to aging. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential drawback of grouping students based on their aptitude levels?

It reinforces existing social inequalities and creates a self-fulfilling prophecy. (D) Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, which of the following statements about IQ stability is TRUE?

IQ scores become increasingly stable after age 11, with minimal changes. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the decline in prospective memory in older adults?

Older adults have difficulty remembering to perform tasks without a trigger. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the eight intelligences proposed by Howard Gardner?

Emotional intelligence (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the difference between fluid intelligence (Gf) and crystallized intelligence (Gc)?

Gf is the ability to reason speedily and abstractly, while Gc is accumulated knowledge and skills. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered an early sign of Alzheimer's disease?

Diminishing smell (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of acetylcholine in the brain, and how does its decline affect Alzheimer's disease?

Acetylcholine is involved in memory and learning; its decline leads to memory deterioration. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT true about the effects of exercise on aging?

Exercise is detrimental to neurogenesis. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a possible factor that can lead to dementia (neurocognitive disorder)?

Brain tumor (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines 'general intelligence (g factor)' according to Spearman's theory?

A single underlying intelligence that influences performance in all cognitive areas. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Based on the content, how does the aging brain compensate for areas of decline?

By activating additional brain areas for memory and learning. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of Savant syndrome?

Outstanding talent in a specific domain, such as music or mathematics. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the purpose of aptitude tests?

To predict an individual's potential for future learning and success. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key distinction between the Stanford-Binet test and Alfred Binet's original intelligence test?

The Stanford-Binet test was designed to measure intelligence across a wider age range, while Binet's original test focused on children. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following principles of test construction refers to the consistency of scores when a test is retaken?

Reliability (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of internal consistency as a form of reliability?

Dividing the test into two halves and assessing the consistency of scores between them. (C) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of intelligence testing, what is meant by "restricted range"?

A group of test-takers with a limited range of intelligence scores. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a principle of test construction?

Accessibility (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the concept of "mental age"?

The average cognitive ability of individuals at a particular chronological age. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)?

Emotional intelligence (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a test with predictive validity?

A college entrance exam that accurately predicts a student's future academic success. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the term "IQ" in the context of intelligence testing?

It is a standardized score that measures an individual's overall intelligence level. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Anxious attachment

A style where people crave acceptance but fear rejection, becoming skilled at detecting lies.

Avoidant attachment

A pattern where individuals fear closeness and maintain distance, often feeling insecure in relationships.

Self awareness

The recognition of one's own personality and individuality, typically developed by age 12.

Parenting styles

Different approaches parents take based on responsiveness and demandingness, affecting child development.