Developmental Psychology Overview

<p>Zygote, Embryo, Fetus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thalidomide (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Formation of new synapses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Environmentally friendly practices (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Third week (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elimination of unused synapses between 2-10 years. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Motor learning (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Concrete Operational (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Knowledge that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They choose contact comfort over basic needs like food. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They form an internal working model based on early experiences. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Secure Attachment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Infants have an innate understanding of basic physical properties earlier than Piaget thought. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased digestive activity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It activates the fight or flight response. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Higher instances of heart attacks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High blood pressure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amygdala (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Real illness triggered by emotional state (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They involve ongoing stress and limited control. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neuron loss affecting memory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Notice the event (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proximity of the authority figure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Making decisions independently (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prejudice involves biased beliefs; discrimination involves biased behaviors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unconscious biases influencing behavior (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of common goals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Belief that bad things happen to bad people (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anger, Fear, Disgust, Surprise, Happiness, Sadness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>We attribute our successes to internal traits and failures to external circumstances. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Attributing others' behaviors to internal dispositions rather than situational influences. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Informational Conformity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As group size increases, individual responsibility to help decreases. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When the task is ambiguous and uncertain. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Poor decision-making due to lack of critical evaluation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Believing you can achieve anything without effort. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>We attribute our own behavior to external factors while attributing others' behavior to internal traits. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Child is distressed and difficult to console upon caregiver’s return. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conventional Stage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are more intuitive and emotional. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A preference for 'nice' behaviors over 'mean' ones. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both nature and nurture contribute to development. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>How behaviors are influenced by social contexts. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>How does group membership affect behavior? (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>We work to appear as the versions of ourselves we want to project. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The study of changes and continuities in human behaviour over time, including social, emotional, cognitive, and personality development, and susceptibility to mental illness.

Development from conception to birth, with stages like zygote, embryo, and fetus.

Substances that can harm a developing fetus.

A drug (1960s) causing birth defects, affecting limb development.

Brain growth after birth, including reflexes and synaptic formation

Formation of new connections (synapses) in the brain.

Environmental influences that the mother can control that may affect fetal development.

Early childhood experiences are crucial for a person's future personality and behavior.

The process of eliminating unused synapses between 2-10 years of age, refining brain connections.

Sensitive windows in brain development when it's most receptive to specific experiences.

The understanding that objects continue to exist even when out of sight.

Using existing knowledge to understand new information.

Adjusting existing knowledge to fit new information.

Piaget's stage (0-2 years) where learning is based on senses and actions

Theory emphasizing the importance of early relationships for emotional security

Child is distressed when caregiver leaves, but comforted upon return showing healthy bonding.

A child's attachment style characterized by distress and difficulty being consoled when their caregiver returns after a separation.

An attachment style where a child shows no distress when their caregiver leaves and avoids contact upon their return.

Moral reasoning based on personal rewards and punishments, typically seen in early childhood.

Moral reasoning guided by societal rules and norms, usually developing in adolescence.

Moral reasoning based on abstract principles of fairness and justice, often emerging in adulthood.

A theory suggesting moral judgments are often intuitive and emotional, rather than purely rational, as Kohlberg proposed.

The ongoing debate about the relative contributions of innate qualities ('nature') and experiences ('nurture') in shaping human development.

The study of how people's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the presence of others, real or imagined.

The tendency to attribute our successes to internal factors (like talent) and failures to external factors (like bad luck).

Optimistic beliefs about ourselves, often inaccurate, that can boost mental well-being.

Explaining the causes of behaviour, whether our own or others'.

Explaining behaviour based on external factors like the environment or circumstances.

Explaining behaviour based on internal factors like personality or traits.

The tendency to overemphasize internal factors when explaining others' behaviour.

Adjusting behaviour to align with group norms.

The fewer bystanders there are, the more likely someone is to help in an emergency.

A five-stage model describing the process of helping someone in need, starting with noticing the event and ending with intervention.

A controversial study where participants were instructed to administer electric shocks to a learner, demonstrating the powerful influence of authority.

Autonomy involves making independent decisions and taking responsibility, while agency means following orders and transferring responsibility to an authority figure.

Prejudice refers to biased beliefs about a group, while discrimination refers to biased actions towards members of a group.

Unconscious biases that influence behavior, even in individuals who consciously reject prejudice.

Prejudice can be reduced through equal status contact, shared goals, and cooperation between groups.

Overgeneralized beliefs about a group of people, often based on limited or inaccurate information.

Psychological states characterized by physiological arousal, behavioral reactions, and subjective experiences.

The amygdala, a brain structure, plays a critical role in processing fear by activating the body's fight-or-flight response through the sympathetic nervous system.

The fear response involves two pathways: a fast and unconscious 'low road' directly to the amygdala, and a slower and conscious 'high road' involving the sensory cortex.

A patient with damage to her amygdala, unable to experience fear even in high-stress situations, demonstrating the amygdala's crucial role in fear.

Stressors can be categorized into catastrophic events like natural disasters and chronic daily difficulties like bullying or poverty.

The stress response involves the activation of the sympathetic nervous system, leading to physiological changes like increased heart rate and glucose levels, and the release of the stress hormone cortisol.

Chronic stress can damage the hippocampus, a brain region crucial for memory and learning.

Real illnesses triggered by stress, such as heart disease, ulcers, and immune system dysfunction, highlighting the link between mind and body in health.

Chronic stress can have serious health consequences, including high blood pressure, ulcers, immune system suppression, and even damage to the hippocampus, affecting memory.