Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the focus of developmental psychology?
What is the focus of developmental psychology?
During which prenatal stage does major organ development begin?
During which prenatal stage does major organ development begin?
What term describes harmful agents that can affect prenatal development?
What term describes harmful agents that can affect prenatal development?
What is the main significance of the 22-week mark during pregnancy?
What is the main significance of the 22-week mark during pregnancy?
Signup and view all the answers
Which attachment style is characterized by distress when the caregiver leaves but not being comforted upon their return?
Which attachment style is characterized by distress when the caregiver leaves but not being comforted upon their return?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following best describes the behavior observed in Harlow's monkeys regarding attachment?
Which of the following best describes the behavior observed in Harlow's monkeys regarding attachment?
Signup and view all the answers
What stage of development is typically marked by infants beginning to walk?
What stage of development is typically marked by infants beginning to walk?
Signup and view all the answers
Which part of the brain develops last during infancy, and is responsible for reasoning and decision-making?
Which part of the brain develops last during infancy, and is responsible for reasoning and decision-making?
Signup and view all the answers
Which parenting style is characterized by high control and low warmth?
Which parenting style is characterized by high control and low warmth?
Signup and view all the answers
What cognitive milestone is primarily achieved during the sensorimotor stage of development?
What cognitive milestone is primarily achieved during the sensorimotor stage of development?
Signup and view all the answers
In which stage of moral development do individuals primarily base their morality on societal norms?
In which stage of moral development do individuals primarily base their morality on societal norms?
Signup and view all the answers
Which stage of Erikson's psychosocial development deals with trust vs mistrust?
Which stage of Erikson's psychosocial development deals with trust vs mistrust?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the correct term for the emotional support provided during learning according to Vygotsky's theory?
What is the correct term for the emotional support provided during learning according to Vygotsky's theory?
Signup and view all the answers
Which level of Maslow's hierarchy focuses on relationships and friendships?
Which level of Maslow's hierarchy focuses on relationships and friendships?
Signup and view all the answers
During which life stage does the midlife crisis typically occur?
During which life stage does the midlife crisis typically occur?
Signup and view all the answers
What is NOT one of the defense mechanisms proposed by Freud?
What is NOT one of the defense mechanisms proposed by Freud?
Signup and view all the answers
Which developmental concept is characterized by the inability to see things from others’ perspectives?
Which developmental concept is characterized by the inability to see things from others’ perspectives?
Signup and view all the answers
What personality trait is represented by the 'O' in the Big Five Theory?
What personality trait is represented by the 'O' in the Big Five Theory?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Developmental Psychology
- Definition: The study of how people change physically, cognitively, and socially throughout their lives.
-
Research Methods:
- Longitudinal Study: Tracks the same individuals over time.
- Cross-Sectional Study: Compares different age groups at one point.
-
Prenatal Development:
- Stages: Germinal (0-2 weeks), Embryonic (3-8 weeks), Fetal (9 weeks-birth).
- Conception: Sperm fertilizes egg in the fallopian tube.
-
Key Milestones:
- 12 weeks: Major organs are formed (end of 1st trimester).
- 22 weeks: Age of viability (can survive outside the womb).
- 38 weeks: Full term.
- Teratogens: Harmful agents that can affect prenatal development (e.g., drugs, alcohol).
- Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS): Caused by maternal alcohol consumption; results in physical and cognitive disabilities.
-
Infancy:
- Reflexes & Preferences: Infants are born with reflexes and show preferences for stimuli (e.g., faces, voices).
- Brain Development: The prefrontal cortex (responsible for reasoning) develops later.
- Motor Development: Typically begin walking between 9-15 months.
- Temperament: Inherent emotional responses (easy, difficult, slow-to-warm, mixed).
- Social-Emotional Development: Stranger and separation anxiety (6-9 months).
-
Attachment Studies:
- Harlow's Monkeys: Showed the importance of comfort for attachment.
- Ainsworth's Strange Situation: Observed infant attachment in response to caregiver absence and return.
- Attachment Styles: Secure, Avoidant, Ambivalent/Resistant, Disorganized.
-
Parenting Styles:
- Authoritarian: High control, low warmth.
- Authoritative: High control, high warmth (most effective).
- Permissive: Low control, high warmth.
- Neglectful: Low control, low warmth.
- Uninvolved: Lack of emotional support.
-
Piaget's Cognitive Development:
- Stages: Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete Operational, Formal Operational.
- Concepts: Conservation, Egocentrism, Object Permanence.
-
Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory:
- Scaffolding: Support provided by more knowledgeable individuals to assist development.
Adolescence
- Puberty: Physical changes leading to sexual maturity.
- Sexual Characteristics: Primary (reproductive organs), Secondary (non-reproductive traits).
- Identity Development: Formation of sense of self and values.
Adulthood
- Emerging Adulthood: Exploration period between adolescence and adulthood.
- Social Clock: Culturally expected timing for life events.
-
Middle Adulthood:
- Menopause: Cessation of menstruation.
- Midlife Crisis: Emotional turmoil due to perceived lack of accomplishments.
- Empty Nest: Feeling of loss when children leave home.
-
Late Adulthood:
- Cognitive Changes: Possible decline in memory and intelligence, but wisdom often increases.
Kohlberg's Moral Theory
- Levels of Moral Development: Pre-conventional, Conventional, Post-conventional.
Erikson's Psychosocial Development
- Stages: Eight stages across lifespan (Trust vs. Mistrust, etc.).
Kubler-Ross Stages of Grief
- Stages: Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, Acceptance.
Maslow's Theory of Motivation
- Hierarchy of Needs: Physiological, Safety, Love/Belonging, Esteem, Self-Actualization.
Personality
- Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory: Conscious, Preconscious, Unconscious; Id, Ego, Superego; Psychosexual Stages (Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital); Oedipus/Electra Complex; Defense Mechanisms.
- Neo-Freudians: Jung (collective unconscious), Adler (inferiority complex), Horney (social relationships).
- Humanistic Theories: Maslow (hierarchy of needs), Rogers (unconditional positive regard).
- Trait Theories: Big Five (OCEAN: Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism).
- Social Cognitive Theory: Cognitive, Behavioral, Environmental factors; Locus of Control; Self-Efficacy.
- Biopsychosocial Approach: Considers biological, psychological, and social factors in behavior.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Explore the fundamental concepts of developmental psychology, including the methods of study such as longitudinal and cross-sectional approaches. Understand key stages of prenatal development, major milestones, and factors like teratogens that influence growth. This quiz is essential for grasping human development across the lifespan.
