Developmental Psychology and Scientific Method
48 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Quasi-experimental methods are most commonly used when?

  • The researchers need to measure a single outcome
  • The focus is on understanding the biological factors of development
  • Participants are randomly assigned to experimental and control groups
  • You cannot randomly assign participants to groups (correct)

    • Ethnography in research refers to?

  • Comparing developmental stages across cultures
  • Studying genetic influences on behavior
  • The use of surveys to gather data
  • Immersing oneself in a culture to understand its practices (correct)

    • Which of the following is true about epigenetics?

  • It looks only at physical characteristics passed through generations
  • It implies that genes are fixed and unaffected by life experiences
  • It explores how environmental factors influence the expression of genes (correct)
  • It suggests that behavior is entirely determined by genetic code

    • The diathesis-stress model is used to explain how?

    <p>Stress and vulnerabilities combine to influence the likelihood of disorders (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In polygenic inheritance, how are traits determined?

    <p>By multiple genes working together (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mitochondrial inheritance refers to?

    <p>The inheritance of mitochondrial DNA from the mother only (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Freud's psychoanalytic theory, the ID is driven by?

    <p>Irrational, unconscious urges and desires (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Freud, the superego develops around?

    <p>Age 6 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can developmental psychology improve social policies?

    <p>By identifying the appropriate age for voting (C), By defining when children should start school (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the nature vs nurture debate primarily focus on?

    <p>Environmental factors against inherited traits (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the interactionist model suggest about human development?

    <p>Human development is a combination of genetics and environment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the lifespan perspective, how is development characterized?

    <p>It is multidirectional throughout different phases of life (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term plasticity in human development refer to?

    <p>The capacity for development to be shaped by experiences (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In developmental psychology, what does continuity imply?

    <p>A steady, measurable change over time (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is characteristic of discontinuity in development?

    <p>Significant shifts that are not always measurable (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes cognitive changes in human development?

    <p>Shifts in memory, reasoning, and problem-solving abilities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of social changes in human development?

    <p>Relationships with others and the social environment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What serves as a foundation for the scientific method in research?

    <p>Answering questions through empirical research and evidence (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the scientific method?

    <p>Empirical research and data-based conclusions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is a hypothesis defined in the scientific method?

    <p>An educated guess that is testable through research (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is replication important in the scientific method?

    <p>It helps ensure findings can be generalized to various populations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by replicability in scientific research?

    <p>Results that can be reproduced under similar conditions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sequence correctly outlines the steps of the scientific method?

    <p>Curiosity, Hypothesis, Test, Analyze Data and Draw Conclusions, Report Results (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary goal of developmental psychology?

    <p>To understand patterns of growth and behavior throughout life (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect does a case study as a research method primarily focus on?

    <p>In-depth examination of an individual or a small group (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a descriptive method in developmental psychology?

    <p>Randomized controlled trials (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key disadvantage of naturalistic observation?

    <p>It cannot adequately determine cause and effect relationships (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aim of cross-cultural research in developmental psychology?

    <p>To compare and analyze behaviors and norms across different cultures (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Causal hypotheses in experimental methods are used primarily to:

    <p>Test the relationship between independent and dependent variables (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of causal hypotheses in experimental research?

    <p>To discover how one variable influences another (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quasi-experimental methods are appropriate when:

    <p>Groups are naturally occurring and cannot be manipulated (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Epigenetics is primarily concerned with:

    <p>How environmental factors influence whether genes are turned on or off (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does multidirectional development indicate about the nature of human growth?

    <p>Development that is rarely perfectly linear and can go in different directions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor plays a crucial role in multi-contextual development?

    <p>One’s environment and resources (e.g., rural vs urban) affect developmental outcomes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does plasticity in human development suggest?

    <p>Development can be altered, but is also resistant to change (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Continuity development is characterized by which of the following?

    <p>Slow, measurable changes, such as growth in height (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes discontinuity development?

    <p>Stage-like changes where an individual shifts significantly but not always measurably (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Physical changes in human development are defined as:

    <p>Changes in size, shape, and body characteristics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cognitive changes in human development are primarily concerned with:

    <p>Changes in thinking, memory, problem-solving, and intellectual skills (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Social changes in human development primarily refer to:

    <p>Changes in relationships with others (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes continuity in human development?

    <p>Gradual and consistent changes in development over time (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most illustrative example of discontinuity in development?

    <p>Sudden shifts in behavior, like adolescence changing a child's behavior dramatically (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the lifespan perspective, human development is viewed as:

    <p>Continuously changing with age and experiences (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does plasticity in human development refer to?

    <p>Development can be shaped by new experiences, but some aspects are resistant to change (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The biopsychosocial perspective is considered multidisciplinary because it:

    <p>Combines biological, psychological, and social influences on development (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The interactionist model in developmental psychology emphasizes development as:

    <p>A result of both biological and environmental factors interacting (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about a multi-contextual perspective in development is accurate?

    <p>Environmental factors like urban or rural settings influence development (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ethnography primarily focuses on which aspect?

    <p>Cultural differences and their influence on development (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Scientific Method

    • A way to answer questions using empirical research and data-based conclusions, not subjective opinions or guesswork.
    • Replication is crucial to generalize findings to different populations.
    • The scientific method involves hypothesis formation, testing, data analysis, drawing conclusions, and reporting results.

    Developmental Psychology

    • Aims to understand patterns of growth and behavioral changes throughout life.
    • Descriptive methods (e.g., case studies, naturalistic observations) and experimental methods are used.
    • The nature vs. nurture debate considers the interplay of genetics and environment in development.
    • Descriptive methods in developmental psychology include case studies, naturalistic observations and surveys, but not randomized controlled trials.
    • Experimental methods involve manipulating variables to test causal relationships.
    • Quasi-experimental methods are used when random assignment to groups is not possible.
    • Ethnography involves immersing oneself in a culture to compare different cultural practices.

    Epigenetics

    • Refers to how environmental factors influence whether genes are turned on or off.
    • The diathesis-stress model suggests that genetic vulnerabilities interact with life experiences to influence disorders.
    • Polygenic inheritance means traits are determined by multiple genes.

    Genetic Inheritance

    • Polygenic inheritance involves multiple genes contributing to a single trait.
    • Mitochondrial inheritance refers to passing of mitochondrial DNA only from the mother to the child.

    Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory

    • Freud's theory includes three personality structures: id, ego, and superego.
    • The superego is responsible for developing moral standards.
    • The id is driven by unconscious urges.
    • The ego attempts to balance the id and superego.

    Developmental Psychology Perspectives

    • The lifespan perspective considers development as multidirectional, multi-contextual, multicultural, and multidisciplinary.
    • The biopsychosocial perspective considers the interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors.
    • Continuity in development implies gradual, consistent changes over time.
    • Discontinuity in development involves abrupt, distinct stages.
    • Plasticity refers to the extent to which development in humans can be shaped by new experiences.

    Research Methods in Developmental Psychology

    • Descriptive methods are used to describe developmental phenomena.
    • Case studies are in-depth investigations of individuals or groups, and allow for detailed explorations of specific cases but are limited in their ability to generalize findings to broader populations.
    • Experimental methods are used to test causal hypotheses.
    • Replicability is essential in scientific research, meaning studies should be able to be repeated with similar results under similar conditions.
    • Quasi-experimental methods are used when random assignment to groups isn't possible.
    • Ethnography is a method for studying cultures by immersing oneself in the culture.
    • Naturalistic observations involve observing behavior in its natural setting, but can't establish causal relationships due to the inability to control variables.

    Other

    • There are different theoretical perspectives— nature versus nurture, interactionist, lifespan, biopsychosocial—for studying developmental psychology.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Developmental Practice Midterms PDF

    Description

    Explore the principles of the scientific method and its application in developmental psychology. This quiz covers hypothesis formation, research methods, and the nature vs. nurture debate. Test your understanding of how findings are generalized across populations in the field of psychology.

    More Like This

    Developmental Psychology and Philosophical Approaches Quiz
    5 questions

    Developmental Psychology and Philosophical Approaches Quiz

    FortuitousGoshenite avatar
    FortuitousGoshenite
    Psychology Chapter 1: Developmental Psychology
    42 questions

    Psychology Chapter 1: Developmental Psychology

    TrustingSodalite avatar
    TrustingSodalite
    Psicología, Tema 2
    45 questions

    Psicología, Tema 2

    EnergySavingAlien avatar
    EnergySavingAlien
    Developmental Psychology Research Methods
    120 questions

    Developmental Psychology Research Methods

    GoldEiffelTower8533 avatar
    GoldEiffelTower8533
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser