Developmental Milestones & Reyes Syndrome
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the placenta in relation to the fetus?

  • It directly circulates the mother's blood to the fetus.
  • It acts as a barrier to prevent infections.
  • It takes over the role of the kidneys in filtering blood.
  • It provides nutrients and oxygen while removing waste. (correct)

    • Which structure allows oxygen-rich blood to flow from the placenta to the fetus?

  • Foramen ovale
  • Ductus arteriosus
  • Umbilical vein (correct)
  • Umbilical arteries

    • What role do the umbilical arteries play in fetal circulation?

  • They deliver oxygen-rich blood to the placenta.
  • They carry deoxygenated blood away from the fetus. (correct)
  • They filter toxins from the fetal blood.
  • They connect the fetus directly to the mother's heart.

    • What is the function of the ductus arteriosus in fetal development?

    <p>To shunt blood from the pulmonary artery to the aorta.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the foramen ovale after birth?

    <p>It closes, preventing blood from bypassing the lungs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can trigger Reyes syndrome in children recovering from a viral illness?

    <p>Use of salicylates or salicylate-containing products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a symptom of Reyes syndrome?

    <p>Fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the presence of elevated liver enzymes indicate in a child suspected of having Reyes syndrome?

    <p>Acute fatty liver failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of Reyes syndrome emphasizes the need for early recognition and treatment?

    <p>Minimizing brain swelling and complications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes Reyes syndrome?

    <p>Rare disease affecting young children recovering from a viral illness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which behavioral sign might be observed in a child with Reyes syndrome?

    <p>Lethargy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of education in managing Reyes syndrome?

    <p>Providing awareness of symptoms and prevention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following components is NOT part of the symptoms associated with Reyes syndrome?

    <p>Acute respiratory distress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the Ductus Venosus in fetal circulation?

    <p>To shunt blood from the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does blood return to the placenta from the fetus?

    <p>Via the umbilical arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is primarily responsible for carrying oxygenated blood to the fetus?

    <p>Umbilical vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the blood after it reaches the placenta for re-oxygenation?

    <p>It returns through the umbilical arteries back to the fetus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In fetal circulation, what role does the placenta play?

    <p>It is the 'lifeline' providing oxygen and nutrients to the fetus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of seizures associated with a fever in children?

    <p>They are preceded by a rapid increase in core temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT related to febrile seizures?

    <p>Rapidly developed fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What age group is primarily at risk for febrile seizures?

    <p>Children aged 6 months to 5 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment is recommended for managing febrile seizures?

    <p>Rectal Diazepam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should parents be educated to do in the event of a febrile seizure?

    <p>Seek medical assistance if necessary.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of the postictal period in children experiencing febrile seizures?

    <p>The child may be drowsy but does not have complications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is NOT typically associated with febrile seizures?

    <p>Long-term cognitive impairment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main risk factor that differentiates febrile seizures from other seizure types?

    <p>The occurrence during a rapidly developing fever.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age does a child typically begin to show stranger anxiety?

    <p>6 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What developmental milestone is associated with being able to sit up without support?

    <p>8-9 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which skill is typically observed at 10-12 months of age?

    <p>Walking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What indicates the development of object permanence in infants?

    <p>Realizing that objects still exist when out of sight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Around what age do infants typically begin to use simple words like 'dada'?

    <p>10 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'pincer grasp' refer to in infant development?

    <p>The coordination of using thumb and forefinger to grasp objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a typical behavior observed in infants when they are pulled to sit?

    <p>They lead with their head</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age do infants usually start crawling?

    <p>8-9 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Developmental Milestones (6-12 Months)

    • Head leads the body when pulled to sit at 6 months
    • Can sit up with support at 6 months
    • Babbling begins at 6 months
    • Stranger anxiety begins at 6 months
    • Tripod sit at 6 months
    • Sits without support at 8-9 months
    • Crawling at 8-9 months
    • Stands with pulling and holds onto objects at 8-9 months
    • Pincer Grasp at 8-9 months
    • Object Permanence (realizing that objects out of sight still exist) at 8-9 months
    • Walking at 10-12 months
    • Separation anxiety at 10-12 months
    • Simple words like “dada” at 10-12 months

    Reyes Syndrome

    • Rare disease affecting young children recovering from a viral illness (flu or chicken pox)
    • Exact cause unknown
    • Triggered due to the intake of salicylates or salicylate-containing products such as aspirin to treat a viral illness

    Signs and Symptoms (Reyes Syndrome)

    • Encephalopathy/Cerebral Edema
    • Acute Fatty Liver Failure
    • Labs: ↑ Liver Enzymes (↑ AST, ↑ ALT)
    • "CHILDS": Confusion, Irritability, Lethargy, Diarrhea & Vomiting, Seizures

    Treatment (Reyes Syndrome)

    • Not anticonvulsants
    • Rectal Diazepam
    • Educate parents to seek help if child has any symptoms
    • Early recognition and treatment are crucial

    Seizures Associated with Fever

    • Seizures associated with a fever are not related to: intracranial infection, viral illness, or epilepsy
    • Usually does NOT have long term complications such as intellectual disability

    Risk Factors (Reyes Syndrome)

    • 6 months - 5 years
    • Rapidly developed fever
    • High fever

    Prevention (Reyes Syndrome)

    • Educate on products that contain salicylates

    Fetal Circulation

    • Blood travels from the placenta through the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava
    • The Ductus Venosus is a shunt that allows blood to bypass the liver
    • The Foramen Ovale is a shunt that allows blood to bypass the lungs
    • The Ductus Arteriosus is a shunt that allows blood to bypass the lungs
    • The placenta is like "temporary lungs" for the fetus while in utero
    • The umbilical cord consists of 2 umbilical arteries (take deoxygenated blood away to the placenta) and 1 umbilical vein (brings oxygen-rich blood to the fetus)

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    Description

    This quiz explores key developmental milestones for infants aged 6 to 12 months, including physical and language developments. Additionally, it covers the critical information regarding Reyes Syndrome, its symptoms, and potential triggers. Test your knowledge on both topics to enhance your understanding of child development and health.

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