Developmental Milestones: Infancy

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Questions and Answers

At what age do toddlers typically have a complete set of temporary teeth?

  • 2 years old
  • 1 year old
  • 2 and a half years old (correct)
  • 3 years old

Which behavior is typical for a 2-3 year old regarding dental visits?

  • Requires constant supervision during brushing
  • Is usually afraid of the dentist
  • Can brush teeth without supervision
  • Is the right age to start visiting the dentist (correct)

What is a sign of reaching the plateau stage at 15 months?

  • Walking with support
  • Speaking in full sentences
  • Holding a spoon well (correct)
  • Jumping off high surfaces

Which of the following milestones is expected at 36 months?

<p>Able to draw a cross (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which age range can a child typically speak 300–400 words?

<p>30-36 months (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common behavior regarding toilet training cues for toddlers?

<p>They can maintain dryness for intervals of two hours (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately represents the jumping ability of toddlers at 18 months?

<p>Can jump in place and run (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a typical developmental sign of separation anxiety in toddlers?

<p>Prolonging goodbyes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the behavior of a 3-year-old when playing with toys?

<p>Engaging in parallel play by using similar toys (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a typical fine motor milestone at 36 months?

<p>Can unbutton clothing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what age does the disappearance of the step reflex typically occur?

<p>4 months (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which developmental milestone is achieved by the age of 6 months?

<p>Rolls over (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the peak age for stranger anxiety in infants?

<p>8 months (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what age can infants typically drink from a cup?

<p>12 months (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which milestone aligns with a 7-month-old's abilities?

<p>Transfers objects from hand to hand (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common behavior seen in infants at 10 months old?

<p>Cruises and walks with support (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which developmental milestone usually occurs around the age of 1 month?

<p>Looks at mobile objects (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

By what age can most toddlers speak between 50-200 words?

<p>24 months (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does the plantar reflex typically disappear?

<p>6 months (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a milestone commonly reached by infants at 11 months?

<p>Cruises (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic behavior of negativistic children?

<p>They frequently say 'NO'. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of having imaginary friends in children?

<p>To release anxiety and tension. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is associated with sibling rivalry in children?

<p>Jealousy towards a newly delivered baby. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What age milestone includes the ability to lace shoes?

<p>4 years (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered a fear commonly experienced by preschool children?

<p>Fear of body mutilation or castration. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what age should a child be able to use a vocabulary of approximately 2100 words?

<p>5 years (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of play is noted for preschool children?

<p>Associative play (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant health concern is associated with school-aged children?

<p>Prone to green stick fractures (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common characteristic trait of preschool children?

<p>Analytical (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should a caregiver respond to temper tantrums effectively?

<p>By ignoring the behavior (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Plateau Stage (15 Months)

A stage in toddler development where a child's progress seems to slow down.

Bowel Control

The ability to control bowel movements, typically achieved around 18 months.

Hide or Possessiveness (18 Months)

When toddlers exhibit strong feelings of ownership and unwillingness to share.

Separation Anxiety

Fear experienced by toddlers when separated from their primary caregiver.

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Sharing and Taking Turns (36 Months)

The stage where toddlers begin to understand the concept of sharing and taking turns.

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Bladder Control

The ability to control bladder function, typically achieved around 36 months.

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Riding a Tricycle

The ability to ride a tricycle, usually mastered around 36 months.

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Speaking Fluently (36 Months)

The ability to speak fluently with increased vocabulary, typically achieved around 36 months.

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Parallel Play (30 Months)

A stage of play where two toddlers play independently but parallel to each other.

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Developmental Milestones

The development of skills and abilities in children, often assessed at specific ages.

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Head Control

The ability of a baby to hold their head up and maintain balance when sitting or lying on their stomach.

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Moro Reflex

A baby's instinctual response to sudden loud noise or a loss of support, where the baby's arms and legs extend outward and they cry out.

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Palmar Grasp Reflex

The natural reflex present in newborns, where they grasp tightly onto anything placed in their palm. This grasp weakens and disappears as the baby develops.

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Transferring Objects

The transfer of objects between a baby's hands. This milestone signifies developing hand-eye coordination.

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Plantar Reflex

The instinctive reflex of a baby to curl their toes when pressure is applied to the bottom of their foot. This reflex fades as the baby grows.

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Sitting Without Support

A baby's ability to sit upright without support. This milestone marks significant development in muscle strength and balance.

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Stranger Anxiety

The fear exhibited by infants towards unfamiliar people. This typically appears around 6-7 months and peaks at 8 months, diminishing by 9 months.

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Creeping/Crawling

The ability to move oneself across a surface by using arms and legs for propulsion. This allows babies to explore their environment.

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Standing With Support

A baby's ability to stand with the support of a stable object. This milestone marks an important step towards walking.

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Walking Up and Down Stairs

The ability to move oneself up and down stairs with the support of an adult. This milestone indicates developing balance and coordination.

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Associative Play

A common behavior in preschoolers where they enjoy playing alongside other children, but without a shared goal.

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Negativistic Stage

A stage in preschool development marked by increased independence and a tendency to say "no" frequently.

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Body Mutilation Fear

A common fear in preschoolers involving concerns about their own or others' body parts, often stemming from curiosity about anatomy.

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Temper Tantrums

A common behavioral issue in preschoolers, often involving loud outbursts, crying, and stomping feet.

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Frustrating Five

A natural developmental stage around the age of 5 characterized by stubbornness and resistance to authority, often linked to emerging independence.

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Imaginary Playmates

Imagination-based play involving pretend companions or scenarios, common in young children as a way to explore emotions and develop social skills.

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Cooperative Play

Characterized by the ability to play with others towards a common goal, demonstrating greater cooperation and shared understanding.

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School Phobia

A fear often exhibited by children who are apprehensive about attending school, often stemming from separation anxiety or a negative experience.

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4 Years Old Development

A developmental milestone for preschoolers, typically mastered around the age of 4, involving the ability to draw a square, lace shoes, and identify basic colors.

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Green Stick Fracture

A type of fracture common in young children due to their pliable bones, resulting in a bend rather than a complete break.

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Study Notes

Developmental Milestones: Infancy

  • 4 Months: Stepping reflex disappears, head control achieved, babbling sounds begin.
  • 5 Months: Infants turn from front to back, improve handling of objects, and the Moro reflex (startle response) diminishes.
  • 6 Months: Rolling over, reaching, picking up objects, and use of palmar grasp are common milestones. Fear of strangers (stranger anxiety) begins to appear.
  • 7 Months: Object transfer between hands, more developed fear of strangers.
  • 8 Months: Sit without support, stranger anxiety peaks, plantar reflex disappears.
  • 9 Months: Creeping/crawling, combines syllables (Dada, Mama), understands "no".
  • 10 Months: Pull to stand, understands own name, pincer grasp, responds to own name, standing with support.
  • 11 Months: Cruises, walks independently, names body parts, speaks 7-20 words.
  • 12 Months: Stands alone, takes first steps, drinks from cup, learns nursery rhymes, plays with simple toys (pots & pans, push/pull).

Developmental Milestones: Toddler

  • 15 Months: Walks independently (possible delay), scribbling, holds a utensil, self-feeding, speaking 4-6 words.
  • 18 Months: Increasing independence, copies actions, improved language, hiding/possessiveness, bowel control.
  • 24 Months (2 Years): Increased vocabulary (50-200 words), self-dressing, may show toothbrushing & toileting independence if appropriate.

Developmental Milestones: Preschool

  • 3 Years: Increased independence in activities. 3-year-olds show increased independence in activities like toothbrushing, and understand basic concepts.
  • 36 Months (3 Years): Able to unbutton, draw a cross, share, understanding speech and language becomes fluent, night time bladder control.

Fears and anxieties

  • Stranger Anxiety: Peaks around 8 months.
  • Separation Anxiety: Occurs later, around 18 months.

Play Styles

  • Solitary Play (Infancy): Focus on self and safety.
  • Parallel Play (Toddler): Individual play but in the presence of others.
  • Associative Play: Interaction with others but with little organization or guidelines.
  • Cooperative Play: Working together toward a common goal.

Other Developmental Features

  • Visual Development: Early milestones are important as they relate to other aspects of development, such as interaction or language. Midline vision, focus on objects, and interaction with objects are critical milestones.

Behavior

  • Negativism: Common in toddlers (saying "no").
  • Imagination: Imaginary friends appear.
  • Sibling Rivalry: Potential for conflict may appear.
  • Masturbation: A sign of boredom and/or exploration.

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