Development of Professional Ethics: DNA Discovery
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Questions and Answers

What is the main focus of bioethics?

  • Addressing ethical issues in life sciences (correct)
  • Enforcing professional standards
  • Developing individual codes of conduct
  • Studying human behavior
  • Which term describes the daily practice of individual principles or habits of conduct?

  • Morals (correct)
  • Ethics
  • Deontology
  • Law
  • What creates a private space for individuals to live according to their moral and beliefs?

  • Ethics
  • Law (correct)
  • Deontology
  • Bioethics
  • What is the main purpose of deontology in the professional field?

    <p>To enforce professional standards and codes of conduct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does ethics in the context of professional ethics aim to achieve?

    <p>To establish a code that makes recourse to legality unnecessary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which field does bioethics specifically address ethical issues and scarce medical resources?

    <p>Life sciences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the autonomous acceptance of a medical intervention or the choice between possible alternative courses?

    <p>Informed consent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which dentist-patient relationship model involves the dentist making decisions based on their clinical criteria and the patient obeying?

    <p>Paternalist model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which exception to informed consent involves providing treatments required by law?

    <p>Treatments required by law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which dentist-patient relationship model does the dentist act as an 'expert' providing necessary means for the patient to control the situation?

    <p>Paternalist model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the aim of the informative dentist-patient relationship model?

    <p>To provide all types of objective information to the patient regarding their health problem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the conditions for informed consent according to the text?

    <p>Adequate understanding of information, jargon, and freedom to decide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the interpretative dentist-patient relationship model aim to do?

    <p>Help the patient choose between all values related to their health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is understood as total control of the dentist's decision in the paternalist model?

    <p>&quot;The existence of an objective criterion in the dentist&quot; that determines what is best</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which exception to informed consent involves when urgent medical intervention is required?

    <p>Urgency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which dentist-patient relationship model does the dentist act as an advisor-consultant?

    <p>Interpretative model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a condition for informed consent?

    <p>Little urgency and experimental practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What assumption is associated with the paternalist dentist-patient relationship model?

    <p>Appreciation of patient for decision taken by dentist, even if not agreed with</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major principle of bioethics that emphasizes the fair distribution of goods and attendance?

    <p>Justice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event raised ethical questions regarding the definition of irreversible coma?

    <p>Harvard definition of brain death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the ethical problem associated with the lack of life-support technology during the era of chronic haemodialysis?

    <p>Determining the time of death of patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medical event inaugurated the era of transplantation and questioned the traditional ethical imperative of 'do no harm'?

    <p>The first kidney transplant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the major ethical challenge raised by the use of artificial organs and the source and supply of organs?

    <p>Fair distribution of goods and attendance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bioethical principle emphasizes intentionally avoiding or minimizing risks for the patient?

    <p>Non-maleficence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event raised moral and societal issues about medical research and practice after the 1950s?

    <p>The oral contraceptive introduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event led to an ethical problem in determining the time of death of patients whose hearts were to be removed for transplantation?

    <p>Human cardiac transplantation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medical event led to questioning the morality and divine law regarding contraception?

    <p>The oral contraceptive introduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What raised ethical questions about creating a copying mechanism for genetic material?

    <p>The molecular structure of nucleic acids publication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event led to an ethical problem in defining life in terms other than the cessation of cardiac and respiratory functions?

    <p>The molecular structure of nucleic acids publication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event inaugurated the era of transplantation and questioned the traditional ethical imperative of 'do no harm'?

    <p>The first kidney transplant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ancient Greek oath is considered one of the earliest expressions of medical ethics?

    <p>Hippocratic Oath</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Nuremberg Code establish in the field of medical ethics?

    <p>Principles for ethical human experimentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which 20th century event led to the development of professional ethics with the participation of extra-professional groups and observers?

    <p>The trial of the Nazi doctors at the Nuremberg Court</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the Hippocratic Oath?

    <p>To guide physicians in their commitment to do no harm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event played a significant role in shaping the principles of ethical human experimentation?

    <p>The trial of the Nazi doctors at the Nuremberg Court</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of professional ethics development in the 20th century?

    <p>Mediator in conflicts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is known for providing a foundation for the first code of ethics established by the American Medical Association?

    <p>Thomas Percival</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is specifically required in the Hippocratic Oath with regard to sharing medical knowledge?

    <p>To teach others without fee or indenture if they want to learn it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was charged at the trial of the Nazi doctors at the Nuremberg Court?

    <p>&quot;Crimes of torture and other atrocities committed in the name of science&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

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