Anatomy LE 2: Introduction to Embryology

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What is the age of the embryo when the mesodermal germ layer starts developing?

21 days

15 days

17 days (correct)

19 days

What is the mesoderm divided into in terms of layers?

Three parts: paraxial, intermediate, and lateral plate (correct)

Five parts: paraxial, intermediate, lateral plate, somatic, and splanchnic

Two layers: somatic and splanchnic

Four parts: paraxial, intermediate, lateral plate, and notochordal process

What is the most medial part of the mesoderm?

Intermediate mesoderm

Splanchnic mesoderm

Paraxial mesoderm (correct)

Lateral plate mesoderm

What is the function of the notochordal process?

It is responsible for the formation of the neural folds Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the layer that lines the intra-embryonic cavity?

Somatic mesoderm layer Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the cavity that is continuous with the extra embryonic cavity on each side of the embryo?

Intra-embryonic cavity Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the two layers that the lateral plate mesoderm is divided into?

Somatic and splanchnic mesoderm Signup and view all the answers

What are the three germ cell layers represented by in the 3D cross-section of a developing embryo?

Blue - ectoderm, Red - mesoderm, Yellow - endoderm Signup and view all the answers

What is the main component of the intervertebral disc?

Fibrocartilage Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the nucleus pulposus?

To act as a shock absorber Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the vertebral column?

Mesodermal germ layer Signup and view all the answers

What is the remnant of the notochord in the adult human?

Nucleus pulposus Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of the annulus fibrosus?

More collagen fibers and less ground substance Signup and view all the answers

What is the derivative of the epithelial lining of the primitive gut?

Endodermal germ layer Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which the sclerotomes migrate and surround the spinal cord and the notochord?

Migration Signup and view all the answers

What is the component of the somites that develops into the vertebral column?

Sclerotome Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the muscles innervated by the C5 spinal nerve?

Abduction and lateral rotation of the shoulder, and elbow and shoulder flexion Signup and view all the answers

What would be the result of an injury to the C5 spinal root?

Weakness and paralysis of abduction and lateral rotation of the shoulder Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of a dermatome?

A cutaneous sensory territory of a single spinal nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of a myotome?

A group of muscles innervated by a single spinal nerve Signup and view all the answers

What forms from the somites during development?

Sclerotome, myotome, and dermatome Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the segmentation of the neural tube and somite divisions during development?

It determines the innervation of the structures from the somites Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the dermatomal maps?

They show the cutaneous structures following their segmentation on the skin surface Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the nerve supply of the structures from the somites during development?

They retain their innervation from their segment of origin regardless of cell migration Signup and view all the answers