November Paper 2 Exam Easy
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Questions and Answers

What does development in geography refer to?

  • Uniform improvement in quality of life across all nations
  • Enhancing the capacity of a country to produce goods and services
  • Promoting cultural values and practices exclusively
  • A multifaceted process that evolves and improves quality of life for populations (correct)

    • Which aspect of development involves increasing a country's wealth by producing goods and services?

  • Economic Development (correct)
  • Environmental Development
  • Social Development
  • Cultural Development

    • What does social development focus on?

  • Improving the well-being of individuals and communities (correct)
  • Preserving cultural values and traditions
  • Efficient exploitation of natural resources
  • Increasing a country's GDP

    • Which indicator reflects a country's economic development?

    <p>Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is cultural development defined?

    <p>Ensuring alignment of growth with population identity and heritage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which dimension is necessary to understand the concept of development comprehensively?

    <p>Economic, social, technological, and environmental dimensions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a trade surplus indicate?

    <p>The country earns more from exports than it spends on imports</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of fair trade compared to free trade?

    <p>Ensuring producers in developing countries receive fair compensation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of women in addressing climate change, according to the text?

    <p>Recognizing the importance of women's participation in climate change action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights for women?

    <p>It asserts the principle of equal rights irrespective of gender</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do terms of trade affect less economically developed countries (LEDCs)?

    <p>They disadvantage LEDCs that primarily export raw materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does the text suggest as a significant hindrance to a country's development?

    <p>Population growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do governments use to protect domestic industries according to the text?

    <p>Impose tariffs, quotas, and restrictions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which model emphasizes sustainable development for long-term viability?

    <p>Sustainability Model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Core and Periphery Model highlight regarding economic growth?

    <p>Diminishing economic activity from core to peripheral regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of fair trade policies?

    <p>Ensuring fair compensation for producers in developing countries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does globalization impact economic development, according to the text?

    <p>Facilitates economic growth and knowledge sharing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is capacity building considered essential for long-term economic development and community empowerment?

    <p>To enhance long-term economic development and community empowerment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text suggest as a major component of economic activity for countries?

    <p>International trade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In international trade, why do countries engage in importing goods according to the text?

    <p>To fulfill needs they lack or produce less efficiently</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a challenge highlighted in the text regarding the transition to more efficient energy sources?

    <p>'Challenging' aspect, especially for developing countries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect does the text suggest plays a significant role in perpetuating underdevelopment?

    <p><strong>Environmental Degradation</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of countries in extreme climates according to the text?

    <p>Less developed than those in temperate regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which word best summarizes the uneven nature of economic growth and development according to the Core and Periphery Model?

    <p>Uneven</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of social development?

    <p>Enhancing quality of life and standard of living</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sector involves high-level decision-making processes in a society's development?

    <p>Quinary Economic Activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the goal of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) initiative?

    <p>Enhance quality of life worldwide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does sustainable development primarily emphasize?

    <p>Meeting present needs without compromising future generations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which economic activity involves research and development for product innovation?

    <p>Quaternary Economic Activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the quality of life different from the standard of living?

    <p>Quality of life is broader and considers factors affecting happiness; standard of living does not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect is NOT a factor affecting development according to the text?

    <p>Cultural preservation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of tertiary economic activities?

    <p>Providing support services like banking and transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does technological development contribute to a country's growth?

    <p>Improving communication and services through technological advancement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do less economically developed countries (LEDCs) differ from more economically developed countries (MEDCs) in terms of workforce distribution?

    <p>LEDCs have more population engaged in primary activities; MEDCs have a higher portion in tertiary/quaternary sectors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do vegetation and soil organisms play in soil fertility?

    <p>Enhance soil fertility by enriching it with organic matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does soil structure impact root penetration and water infiltration?

    <p>Affects both water infiltration and root penetration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of development aid?

    <p>Fostering economic growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is soil considered a non-renewable resource despite its capacity for renewal?

    <p>It forms at a slow rate compared to its depletion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who plays essential roles in driving economic development in South Africa?

    <p>Government, businesses, and individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary causes of soil erosion accelerated by human activities?

    <p>Poor farming practices such as overgrazing and improper ploughing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes significantly to environmental pollution according to the text?

    <p>Industrial activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which management strategy can help reduce soil erosion risk?

    <p>Implementing rotational grazing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to raise public awareness about sustainable practices in relation to soil conservation?

    <p>To promote sustainable management of soil resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What underscores the urgent need for sustainable environmental management practices?

    <p>Overexploitation of resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to address gender disparities according to the conclusion?

    <p>To achieve sustainable development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do state-owned enterprises like Eskom play in South African development?

    <p>Providing necessary infrastructure for development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has development aid inadvertently perpetuated according to critics?

    <p>Reliance on external assistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the urgent need for interventions that address according to the text?

    <p>'Equal rewards'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Women are central to the rural economy' - What does this statement imply?

    <p>'Women's role in food production is significant'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Industrial pollution, habitat loss, and overexploitation of resources lead to degradation' - What is being degraded as a result of these actions?

    <p>'Quality of life'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern when resource exploitation leads to depletion?

    <p>Consumption faster than replenishment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does not contribute to resource depletion?

    <p>Conservation efforts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What environmental issue is exacerbated by deforestation?

    <p>Increased greenhouse gases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which horizon of soil is rich in organic material?

    <p>A Horizon (Topsoil)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What influences the mineral composition of soil?

    <p>Parent Material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which horizon of soil contains minerals leached from the A horizon?

    <p>B Horizon (Subsoil)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What critical dimensions does sustainability encompass?

    <p>Social, environmental, economic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can lead to resource depletion?

    <p>Over-consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor significantly influences soil formation depth suitable for agriculture?

    <p>Time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of bilateral aid?

    <p>Direct assistance to a recipient country</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of aid is distributed by large international organizations like the United Nations?

    <p>Multilateral Aid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common drawback of ineffective aid mentioned in the text?

    <p>Empowers ruling classes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which geographical skill is essential for planning and evaluating development projects?

    <p>Mapwork Skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key outcome of aid mentioned in the text?

    <p>Supports economic and social policies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization delivers NGO assistance focusing on small-scale, self-help projects?

    <p>Red Cross</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are renewable resources considered sustainable?

    <p>They can be used continuously without depletion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of aid comes with specific performance requirements for the recipient?

    <p>Conditional Aid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do aerial photographs and orthophoto maps provide insights into?

    <p>Geographical challenges and opportunities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does development in geography refer to?

    <p>Improving the quality of life for populations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect is NOT a factor affecting development according to the text?

    <p>Political stability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What underscores the urgent need for sustainable environmental management practices?

    <p>Deforestation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which horizon of soil is rich in organic material?

    <p>A horizon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key outcome of aid mentioned in the text?

    <p>Increased dependency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do vegetation and soil organisms play in soil fertility?

    <p>Enhancing soil fertility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a trade surplus indicate for a country?

    <p>The country earns more from exports than it spends on imports</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of fair trade compared to free trade?

    <p>Ensuring producers in developing countries receive a fair deal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are women's contributions significant in addressing global challenges like climate change?

    <p>They play a crucial role in managing natural resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of education in women's employment and advancement?

    <p>It is a critical barrier to women's employment and advancement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which agreement recognized the importance of gender equality and women's participation in climate change action?

    <p>2010 Cancun agreements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one disadvantage faced by countries heavily reliant on exporting primary products?

    <p>Vulnerability to price fluctuations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do trade barriers impact international trade dynamics?

    <p>By protecting domestic industries through tariffs and quotas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to the increasing interconnectedness of the world's economies according to the text?

    <p>Advancements in communication, transportation, and trade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way do countries adopting export-led growth strategies experience mixed results?

    <p>Inconsistent economic growth outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor can significantly hinder a country's development path by creating instability and inefficiency?

    <p>Unstable governments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of the Sustainability Model discussed in the text?

    <p>Sustainable development incorporating economic, social, and environmental considerations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has been a strategic shift towards community empowerment since 1994?

    <p>Policies supporting community empowerment through a bottom-up approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do countries engage in trade for according to the text?

    <p>To import what they lack and export surplus or goods produced more efficiently</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which model faces criticism for its lack of applicability to all countries, particularly those not experiencing rapid industrialization?

    <p>Rostow Model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of aid involves direct assistance from a donor country to a recipient country?

    <p>Bilateral Aid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of aid is primarily delivered by non-governmental organizations focusing on small-scale, self-help projects?

    <p>NGO Assistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is stated as a major component of economic activity for countries, influencing their prosperity and development?

    <p>International trade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common outcome of ineffective aid mentioned in the text?

    <p>Creating a debt burden</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect is emphasized as essential for long-term economic development and community empowerment?

    <p>Capacity building</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What focuses on building local economies, alleviating poverty, and promoting sustainable development in rural and urban areas?

    <p>Community-driven projects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of social development?

    <p>Ensuring everyone has the opportunity to succeed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect does effective aid support according to the text?

    <p>Improving health and living standards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are renewable resources considered sustainable according to the text?

    <p>As they can be regenerated or used continuously without depletion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the standard of living typically measured?

    <p>By financial security and ownership of consumer goods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In economic terms, what does tertiary economic activities involve?

    <p>Service industries that do not produce tangible goods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What geographical skill is crucial for planning and evaluating development projects?

    <p>Mapwork Skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the goal of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)?

    <p>To reduce poverty and improve health worldwide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of organizations are responsible for distributing multilateral aid according to the text?

    <p>Large international organizations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does sustainable development emphasize according to the text?

    <p>The needs of the present without compromising future generations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the concept of sustainable development emphasize?

    <p>Using technologies that are environmentally friendly and resource-efficient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do less economically developed countries (LEDCs) often have a significant portion of their population engaged in?

    <p>Primary Economic Activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do non-governmental organizations like Oxfam and the Red Cross play in aid delivery according to the text?

    <p>Focusing on small-scale, self-help projects primarily funded through public donations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does effective aid contribute to development according to the text?

    <p>By improving health and living standards through clean water and sanitation projects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of quaternary economic activities?

    <p>Product innovation from natural resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the broader measure that quality of life encompasses, according to the text?

    <p>Health, education, freedom, and environment factors contributing to happiness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of primary economic activities?

    <p>Extraction of natural resources like agriculture and mining</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is sustainable development considered important for future generations?

    <p>It ensures meeting present needs without affecting future generation's ability to meet theirs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is understanding soil's texture crucial for its management and utilization?

    <p>To evaluate water infiltration and root penetration in the soil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does soil pH affect plant growth and nutrient availability?

    <p>It affects the availability of nutrients for plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do regulatory measures play in soil conservation?

    <p>Setting limits on livestock to prevent excessive erosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does poor ploughing contribute to soil erosion?

    <p>By exacerbating erosion processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for considering soil as a non-renewable resource despite its capacity for renewal?

    <p>Slow formation rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is maintaining vegetation cover essential in reducing soil erosion risk?

    <p>By improving water infiltration and root penetration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of development aid?

    <p>To reduce poverty sustainably in developing countries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do critics argue against development aid?

    <p>It fosters dependency on external assistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of state-owned enterprises like Eskom in South African development?

    <p>Driving economic growth through infrastructure provision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sector is vital for funding development projects and leveraging government-created opportunities?

    <p>Business sector</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the urgent need highlighted in the text regarding women's health and empowerment?

    <p>Addressing unequal rewards and quality of life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does development aid differ from humanitarian aid?

    <p>Development aid fosters long-term development, while humanitarian aid addresses immediate crises.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary responsibility of the state in driving economic growth according to the text?

    <p>Enforcing legislation and sustainable development strategies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what area do women primarily contribute to the rural economy in sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>Food production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Stimulating long-term development in Less Economically Developed Countries (LEDCs)' is based on what premise?

    <p>Financial resource scarcity in LEDCs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Ensuring women’s inclusion and addressing gender disparities' are fundamental for achieving what according to the text?

    <p>'Sustainable developmen'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of resource depletion according to the text?

    <p>Over-consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which horizon of soil contains minerals leached from the A horizon?

    <p>B Horizon (Subsoil)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What critical dimensions does sustainability encompass according to the text?

    <p>Social, environmental, and economic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of fair trade compared to free trade as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Providing equitable wages and conditions for producers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is soil formed according to the provided text?

    <p>Via the weathering of parent rock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor significantly influences soil formation depth suitable for agriculture?

    <p>Parent Material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do sustainable practices in soil conservation include based on the text?

    <p>Ecotourism and recycling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common concern highlighted regarding resource exploitation in the text?

    <p>Depletion leading to environmental problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impacts do the burning of fossil fuels have according to the text?

    <p>Release of gases trapping heat contributing to climate change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which geographical skill is essential for planning and evaluating development projects according to the text?

    <p>Spatial analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does economic development in geography primarily focus on?

    <p>Enhancing a country's capacity to produce goods and services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which indicator is closely tied to economic development in geography?

    <p>Gross Domestic Product (GDP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of development focuses on integrating cultural values into the growth process?

    <p>Cultural Development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which activity is NOT considered essential for economic development in geography?

    <p>Promoting environmental sustainability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does social development primarily aim to improve?

    <p>Well-being of individuals and communities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which dimension is vital for a comprehensive understanding of development in geography?

    <p>Environmental factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant factor influencing a country's development according to the text?

    <p>Access to resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which model highlights the uneven distribution of economic growth across different regions?

    <p>Core and Periphery Model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical aspect of global economy defined as the exchange of goods and services between countries?

    <p>International trade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is essential for long-term economic development and community empowerment?

    <p>Capacity building</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can strain resources, making it harder for countries to develop?

    <p>Rapid population growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which economic model proposes five stages of economic growth but faces criticism for its lack of applicability to all countries?

    <p>Rostow Model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Unstable Governments' are mentioned as hindrances to a country's development due to their impact on:

    <p>Inefficiency and instability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is emphasized as crucial for meeting current needs without compromising future generations?

    <p>Sustainable development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered a major component of economic activity for countries that influences their prosperity and development?

    <p>International trade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does social development aim to achieve?

    <p>Improving quality of life and standard of living</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sector focuses on research and development for product innovation?

    <p>Quinary Economic Activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the Millennium Development Goals initiative?

    <p>Reducing poverty and improving health globally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the economy's diversified sectors contributing to a country's development?

    <p>Multisectoral economy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does sustainable development emphasize?

    <p>Balancing present needs with future generations' needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor impacts a country's level of development based on workforce distribution?

    <p>Workforce distribution across different economic sectors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of quaternary economic activities?

    <p>Research and development for innovation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is quality of life different from standard of living?

    <p>Standard of living focuses on material wealth, while quality of life considers broader well-being factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do tertiary economic activities encompass?

    <p>Offering support services to manufacturing and other industries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately summarizes sustainable development?

    <p>'Sustainable development meets present needs without compromising future generations.'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights for women?

    <p>It asserts the principle of equal rights irrespective of gender.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the comparison between export and import prices determine?

    <p>Terms of trade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common outcome of countries heavily reliant on exporting primary products?

    <p>Increased vulnerability to price fluctuations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary emphasis of fair trade compared to free trade?

    <p>Ensuring fair wages for workers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do governments play by imposing tariffs and quotas?

    <p>Protecting domestic industries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are women's contributions often overlooked in discussions about climate change?

    <p>As a result of societal gender biases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main barrier to women's employment and advancement according to the text?

    <p>Gender gap in literacy rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a challenge faced by countries relying on unprocessed raw materials for export-led growth?

    <p>Low value-added products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect does fair trade aim to ensure in trade practices?

    <p>Fair deal for producers in developing countries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is education considered a critical barrier for women's advancement as per the text?

    <p>Significant gender gap in literacy rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of development aid?

    <p>Supporting sustainable reduction of poverty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are recipient countries criticized for their reliance on development aid?

    <p>They lack internal solutions for development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What sector plays a crucial role in driving economic development in South Africa?

    <p>State-owned enterprises</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is sustainable environmental management practices considered urgent?

    <p>To address the adverse effects of pollution on human health and ecosystems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What underscores the urgent need for equitable economic development strategies?

    <p>The central role of women in the rural economy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do women face challenges despite their central role in the rural economy?

    <p>As a result of unequal rewards and inferior quality of life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary responsibility of businesses in South African development?

    <p>Funding development projects and creating jobs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is understanding soil's texture crucial for its management and utilization?

    <p>It influences water infiltration and root penetration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of poor farming practices on soil erosion?

    <p>Decreases agricultural productivity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor significantly influences the depth suitable for agriculture in soil formation?

    <p>Vegetation cover</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary challenge posed by wind and water erosion on soil quality?

    <p>Reduces topsoil, impacting agricultural productivity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which strategy is suggested in the text to reduce erosion risk?

    <p>Maintaining vegetation cover</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does soil pH index affect plant growth?

    <p>Impacts nutrient availability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of deforestation according to the text?

    <p>Accelerated soil erosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which horizon of soil is rich in organic material and is considered the most fertile layer?

    <p>A Horizon (Topsoil)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor influences the mineral composition of soil based on the text?

    <p>Parent Material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key cause of resource depletion as stated in the provided text?

    <p>Over-consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes to the formation of different soil horizons?

    <p>Time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does sustainability aim to ensure across social, environmental, and economic spheres?

    <p>Ecological protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sector involves high-level decision-making processes in a society's development?

    <p>Quaternary sector</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary focuses of sustainable practices in soil conservation mentioned in the text?

    <p>Organic farming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is soil considered a critical natural resource according to the text?

    <p>Assisting in plant growth and water purification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What environmental problem is exacerbated by the burning of fossil fuels according to the text?

    <p>Greenhouse effect and climate change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes bilateral aid from multilateral aid?

    <p>Bilateral aid involves direct assistance from a donor country, while multilateral aid is distributed by large international organizations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common outcome of ineffective aid mentioned in the text?

    <p>Creating a debt burden</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which geographical skill is essential for gathering local data and engaging with communities directly affected by development projects?

    <p>Fieldwork</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to distinguish between renewable and non-renewable resources?

    <p>To choose sustainable resource options based on their ability to regenerate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does corruption have on aid distribution, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Corruption diverts aid away from developmental purposes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of assistance primarily focuses on small-scale, self-help projects funded through public donations?

    <p><em>NGO Assistance</em></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does sustainable resource utilization emphasize?

    <p><strong>Reducing resource consumption</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does renewable energy play in sustainable resource utilization?

    <p>Renewable energy sources offer sustainable options due to their ability to regenerate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do non-renewable resources like gold, oil, and coal represent?

    <p>Economic assets that are vital for a country's development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do renewable resources differ from non-renewable resources in terms of sustainability?

    <p>Renewable resources like solar energy offer sustainable options due to their ability to regenerate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary process involved in generating electricity from coal?

    <p>Burning coal in boilers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which environmental impact is NOT associated with coal combustion according to the text?

    <p>Generation of biodegradable waste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country mentioned in the text possesses extensive coal reserves?

    <p>South Africa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of coal-fired power stations mentioned in the text?

    <p>Dependable electricity generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a disadvantage of coal-based electricity in the text?

    <p>Reliability issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final output after coal is used to turn water into steam in electricity generation?

    <p>Electric current</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct method to find magnetic bearings?

    <p>Add the magnetic declination to the magnetic bearing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is gradient calculated?

    <p>Dividing the vertical difference by horizontal distance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does vertical exaggeration aim to enhance in drawings?

    <p>Visibility of subtle terrain features</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a steep slope indicate when looking at contour lines?

    <p>Close contour lines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does one convert square meters (m²) to hectares (ha)?

    <p>Divide by 10,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a cross-section provide in topography?

    <p>A side view of terrain elevation profile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is intervisibility determined in topography?

    <p>By drawing sight lines between points</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do far apart contour lines indicate on a topographical map?

    <p>Flat terrain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does each contour line on a topographic map represent?

    <p>Points of equal elevation above sea level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of utilizing aerial photography in geography?

    <p>Interpreting landscapes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary energy source for electricity generation in South Africa currently?

    <p>Coal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which innovation involves creating an 'artificial leaf' to convert sunlight into chemical fuel?

    <p>Artificial Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of new electricity generation in South Africa is expected to come from renewable energy sources over the next two decades?

    <p>42%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which renewable energy source is highlighted as producing no air or water pollution?

    <p>Wind power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which energy management challenge is South Africa currently facing?

    <p>Balancing increased production with cleaner sources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Green economies' prioritize human well-being, social equity, and minimizing environmental risks while aiming to reduce what?

    <p>Carbon emissions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sustainable living involves reducing one's carbon footprint primarily by adopting practices that minimize what?

    <p>Energy consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Switching to renewable energy sources is crucial for mitigating global warming and reducing the environmental impact of fossil fuels.' Which statement regarding wind power supports this claim?

    <p>'Wind power is a clean energy source with no pollution.'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary environmental impact of coal mining mentioned in the text?

    <p>Acid Mine Drainage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary objective of South Africa's 20-Year Energy Plan by 2030?

    <p>Diversifying energy sources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of energy has the potential to power the entire Earth for a year in just one hour?

    <p>Solar energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism utilized to convert solar power into electricity?

    <p>Photovoltaics with silicon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes significantly to air pollution from coal combustion?

    <p>Production of fly ash</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the largest renewable energy initiatives in Africa, Sere wind power, and Upington solar power projects located?

    <p>South Africa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which non-conventional energy resource is highlighted alongside solar radiation in the text?

    <p>Biomass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does spatial resolution refer to in the context of images?

    <p>The size of the pixels in the image</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which GIS data type includes features like roads and rivers, which have length but negligible width?

    <p>Line Data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using raster data in GIS?

    <p>Effective for continuous data representation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of vector data in GIS?

    <p>Uses points, lines, and polygons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an atlas use to guide users in quickly finding specific locations or features?

    <p>Alphabetical Index</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of data do maps in an atlas typically cover?

    <p>Physical, political, economic, and social landscapes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What purpose do photographs and diagrams serve in an atlas?

    <p>To offer visual context and illustrate changes over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are features organized in an atlas index to aid users in locating specific information?

    <p>Alphabetically</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'What country is the Amazon River located in?' - Which feature of an atlas index would help you find this information quickly?

    <p>'Alphabetical Listing'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of data is best represented using raster data structures in GIS?

    <p>Continuous data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do governments play in addressing climate change, based on the text?

    <p>Enacting legislation to curb carbon emissions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can businesses contribute to environmental sustainability according to the text?

    <p>Enhancing waste management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of individuals adopting the principle of 'Think globally, act locally'?

    <p>To promote environmental health in communities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the secondary footprint in measuring carbon emissions encompass?

    <p>Indirect emissions associated with product lifecycles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In geographic positioning, what does longitude measure?

    <p>East-west position on Earth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Prime Meridian used for?

    <p>Measuring east-west position on Earth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Latitude' in geographic coordinates mainly measures which position on Earth?

    <p>North-south position between the poles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes vertical aerial photographs from oblique ones?

    <p>Vertical photos are taken directly overhead, while oblique ones are taken at an angle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element is essential for identifying objects on aerial photographs based on the text?

    <p>Texture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes orthophoto maps different from standard aerial photos?

    <p>Orthophoto maps have contours and street names, while standard photos do not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a Geographical Information System (GIS) in terms of data processing?

    <p>Transforming and Integrating Data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor ensures that geographic data in GIS is associated with specific locations on Earth's surface?

    <p>Georeferencing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do built structures differ from natural features on aerial photographs?

    <p>Built structures have clear boundaries, natural features have blurry boundaries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant advantage do oblique aerial photographs offer over vertical ones?

    <p>Oblique photos give a more three-dimensional perspective.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does GIS help in doing by recalling and processing data?

    <p>Extracting relevant information as per user requirements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of perspective do high-oblique aerial photographs offer?

    <p>Include the horizon in the photo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which data management function does GIS serve according to the text?

    <p>Managing both spatial and non-spatial information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of fieldwork according to the guidelines provided?

    <p>To ensure that research is methodical, relevant, and effective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In conducting fieldwork, where does Phase 3 primarily take place?

    <p>In the field where participants are accessible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of formulating a hypothesis in the fieldwork guidelines?

    <p>To predict a possible reason for the phenomenon or a solution to the problem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is Phase 4 of fieldwork typically conducted?

    <p>In a classroom setting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Phase 2 of fieldwork from other phases?

    <p>It involves proposing an educated guess or hypothesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is Phase 5 important in the fieldwork process?

    <p>To present findings and propose actionable recommendations or solutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of fieldwork focuses on compiling research findings into structured formats like reports or posters?

    <p>'Phase 5: Present Findings and Make Recommendations'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Phase 3: Collect, Describe, and Record Information' primarily requires determining the type of data required and:

    <p>'The methods for collecting it'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Phase 4: Analyse and Interpret Information' often takes place in which setting?

    <p>'A classroom setting'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Phase 1: Identify and Define a Problem' sets the direction for the entire project by engaging in which activity?

    <p>Engaging in extensive reading and observation to identify patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in generating electricity from coal according to the text?

    <p>Pulverizing the coal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element is NOT mentioned as an emission resulting from coal combustion?

    <p>Helium gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the advantages associated with coal-fired power stations mentioned in the text?

    <p>Abundant reserves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage involves the turning of water into steam in electricity generation from coal?

    <p>Boiler process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary product generated within a generator during coal-based electricity generation?

    <p>Electric current</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element highlights the cost-effectiveness of coal as an energy source for electricity generation?

    <p>Established infrastructure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of governments in addressing climate change?

    <p>Setting examples through sustainable practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can individuals do to promote environmental health in their communities?

    <p>Adopt the principle of 'Think globally, act locally'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is reducing the carbon footprint essential according to the text?

    <p>For mitigating climate change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of businesses in contributing to environmental sustainability?

    <p>Enhancing waste management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are geographic coordinates essential for defining locations on Earth?

    <p>To measure position accurately</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of magnetic bearing in specifying direction?

    <p>It measures relative to true north</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do bearings help specify direction more precisely?

    <p>By promoting general orientation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which renewable energy sources are witnessing advancements in technology and reductions in costs globally?

    <p>Solar and wind power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential challenge faced by wind power as a renewable energy source?

    <p>Visual impact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated energy potential from wind streams in the Earth's troposphere compared to humanity's annual energy consumption?

    <p>Significantly more than humanity's annual energy consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the innovation that involves creating an 'artificial leaf' to transform sunlight into a chemical fuel for storage and later use?

    <p>Artificial Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it crucial for South Africa to shift towards cleaner, greener electricity sources?

    <p>To achieve economic stability and well-being</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which renewable energy source does not produce air or water pollution during its operation?

    <p><strong>Solar power</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary challenge faced by solar power as a renewable energy source?

    <p><strong>Visual impact</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can the area in m² be converted to hectares?

    <p>Divide by 10,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does vertical exaggeration in cross-sections aim to achieve?

    <p>Enhance the visibility of terrain features</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do close contour lines on a topographic map indicate?

    <p>Steep slopes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the calculation for determining gradient between two points?

    <p>$\frac{VD}{HD}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do contour lines connecting points of equal elevation represent on a topographic map?

    <p>Terrain shape and elevation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which scale of South African topographic maps would a 5 m contour interval be used?

    <p>1:10,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does intervisibility refer to in geographic contexts?

    <p>Ability to see across terrain without obstructions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is understanding gradient crucial in geographic studies and engineering applications?

    <p>To assess the steepness of slopes and plan developments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ratio defines the gradient between two points on a topographic map?

    <p>The ratio of vertical difference in elevation to horizontal distance between points</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant environmental impact of coal combustion by power plants?

    <p>Contribution to acid rain and global warming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region in South Africa faces geographical limitations for siting power stations due to primary coal fields?

    <p>Mpumalanga</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of energy for the Sere wind power and Upington solar power projects in South Africa?

    <p>Enhancement of local soil nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the objective of South Africa's 20-Year Energy Plan by 2030 regarding nuclear power?

    <p>Increase nuclear power to 14%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is silicon from sand used in converting solar power into electricity?

    <p>To generate an electrical charge under sunlight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant drawback associated with coal mining?

    <p>Chronic health issues related to underground mining</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does South Africa aim to achieve through renewable energy research according to the text?

    <p>Expand renewable energy options</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does nuclear energy create electricity in South Africa?

    <p>By releasing energy from the nucleus of an atom to drive turbines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What environmental issue arises due to the interaction of water with sulfur-bearing rocks as per the provided text?

    <p>Production of sulfuric acid causing threats to ecosystems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is solar power considered an untapped resource despite its vast potential?

    <p>Challenges in harnessing and utilizing solar energy on a large scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does spatial resolution refer to?

    <p>The level of detail in an image dictated by pixel size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which GIS data type represents locations on the Earth's surface?

    <p>Point Data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of an atlas index?

    <p>To guide users in finding specific locations or features</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of an atlas gives insights into population trends and health statistics?

    <p>Graphs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates raster data from vector data in GIS?

    <p>Raster data is better suited for continuous data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of data structure is especially effective for representing discrete geographic features?

    <p>Vector Data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of an atlas according to the text?

    <p>To offer a comprehensive understanding of various themes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In fieldwork research, what is the importance of identifying and defining a problem in Phase 1?

    <p>To establish the basic direction and focus of the project</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key aspect of formulating a hypothesis in Phase 2 of fieldwork?

    <p>Proposing an educated guess based on initial insights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During fieldwork, why is it essential to determine the type of data required in Phase 3?

    <p>To ensure efficient and effective data collection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of analyzing and interpreting information in Phase 4 of fieldwork?

    <p>To visualize patterns and phenomena from collected data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to present findings and make recommendations in Phase 5 of fieldwork?

    <p>To propose actionable solutions based on research conclusions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes an atlas from other reference materials?

    <p>Its organization for both quick reference and in-depth study</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do researchers need to engage in extensive reading and observation in Phase 1 of fieldwork?

    <p>To identify patterns, characteristics, and relationships indicating a problem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the table of contents play in studying a theme according to the text?

    <p>It helps locate specific themes and relevant page numbers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase primarily involves creating maps, diagrams, graphs, and tables to visualize collected data?

    <p>Phase 4: Analyse and Interpret Information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes oblique aerial photographs from vertical ones?

    <p>They are captured at an angle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor helps in identifying natural features like rivers and mountains on aerial photographs?

    <p>Tone variation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes orthophoto maps stand out compared to standard aerial photos?

    <p>Enhanced with contours and spot heights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do GIS help in decision-making processes for planning and management?

    <p>By analyzing spatial relationships and patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of recalling and processing data in a Geographical Information System (GIS)?

    <p>Manipulating data to extract relevant information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element helps in determining the time of day and position of the sun in aerial photographs?

    <p>Shadow casting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of integrating data with other types in GIS?

    <p>For comprehensive analysis using multiple data types</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in generating electricity from coal as described in the text?

    <p>Pulverizing the coal into a fine powder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which environmental problems are associated with coal combustion according to the text?

    <p>Production of fly ash and heavy metals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the advantages highlighted for coal-based electricity generation in South Africa?

    <p>Abundant coal reserves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of a coal-fired power station plays a key role in turning water into steam?

    <p>Boilers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a coal-fired power station offer in terms of electricity generation according to the text?

    <p>Dependable electricity generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element makes coal the most economical and energy-efficient source for generating electricity?

    <p>Cost-Effectiveness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of governments in curbing carbon emissions?

    <p>Promoting environmental education</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can businesses contribute to environmental sustainability according to the text?

    <p>Adopting greener practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the carbon footprint in relation to climate change?

    <p>It helps in mitigating climate change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do latitude lines primarily help measure?

    <p>North-south position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of identifying true bearings?

    <p>Specifying direction relative to true north</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sector plays a pivotal role in addressing climate change at a global scale?

    <p>Governments only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Think globally, act locally' encourages individuals to:

    <p>Take actions within their communities for environmental health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do magnetic bearings differ from true bearings?

    <p>True bearings point towards magnetic north while magnetic bearings point towards true north.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sector can contribute to cost savings and improved public relations through environmental efforts?

    <p>Businesses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for reducing the carbon footprint according to the text?

    <p>Mitigating climate change and promoting environmental sustainability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key challenge facing wind power in South Africa?

    <p>Noise pollution concerns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which innovation harnesses wind streams in the Earth's troposphere for energy production?

    <p>High Altitude Wind Power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a concern related to solar power in South Africa?

    <p>Potential harm to wildlife</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main benefit of artificial photosynthesis technology?

    <p>Creation of chemical fuel from sunlight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In South Africa, which energy source is expected to constitute a significant portion of new electricity generation in the next two decades?

    <p>Wind power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do biofuels stir debate in South Africa?

    <p>Impact on commodity prices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are underwater kites anchored to in order to generate energy efficiently?

    <p>Seafloor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Solar Buildings' involve integrating solar energy generation into which structures?

    <p>'Building designs'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Greener Economies' prioritize human well-being and social equity while minimizing what risks?

    <p>'Environmental risks'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary environmental concern associated with coal combustion by power plants?

    <p>Global warming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which energy resource has the largest untapped potential according to the text?

    <p>Solar radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism through which solar power is converted into electricity?

    <p>Photovoltaics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region in South Africa is mentioned as a hub for renewable energy projects?

    <p>Upington</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary objective of South Africa's 20-Year Plan in regards to energy mix diversification?

    <p>Increase nuclear power share</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which renewable energy resource serves as a cornerstone among non-conventional energy sources?

    <p>Wind power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason behind the significant role of coal in South Africa's energy landscape?

    <p>Cost-effectiveness compared to renewables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What challenges are posed by the clustering of power stations in Mpumalanga according to the text?

    <p>Enhanced air pollution issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the significant environmental impacts of coal mining mentioned in the text?

    <p>Acid Mine Drainage leading to sulfuric acid production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text suggest about South Africa's potential for hydroelectric power?

    <p>Its expansion is restricted due to geographical constraints.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes vertical aerial photographs from oblique ones?

    <p>The angle at which they are taken</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature of built structures aids in their identification on aerial photographs?

    <p>Their regular, geometric shapes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes to the tone variation on aerial photographs?

    <p>Surface moisture content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a Geographical Information System (GIS) in relation to data?

    <p>Managing both spatial and non-spatial data efficiently</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are orthophoto maps considered more accurate than standard aerial photographs?

    <p>As they are corrected for topographic relief and distortions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of shadows on aerial photographs aids in determining the time of day?

    <p>Their direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do high-oblique aerial photographs show that low-oblique ones do not?

    <p>'Bird's horizon view'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do GIS assist in data recall and processing?

    <p>'Extracting' relevant information as needed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can one calculate the true bearing?

    <p>Subtract the magnetic declination from the magnetic bearing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of vertical exaggeration in drawing cross-sections?

    <p>To enhance visibility of subtle terrain features</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does gradient measure in geography?

    <p>The steepness of a slope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is intervisibility determined in geography?

    <p>By using cross-sections to check for obstructed views</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do contour lines close together on a topographic map indicate?

    <p>A steep slope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key purpose of contours on topographic maps?

    <p>To show points of equal elevation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does one convert square meters to hectares?

    <p>Divide by 10,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In constructing a cross-section, what does selecting a line across the map help achieve?

    <p>Visualizing terrain's depth profile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does every contour line on a topographic map connect?

    <p>Points of equal elevation above sea level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a large interval between contour lines typically indicate on a topographic map?

    <p>A gentle slope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does spatial resolution in an image refer to?

    <p>Level of detail in the image based on pixel size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of GIS data represents specific locations on the Earth's surface?

    <p>Point Data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which GIS data structure is suitable for continuous data like elevation or land use?

    <p>Raster Data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In GIS, which data structure uses points, lines, and polygons to represent discrete features?

    <p>Vector Data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of an atlas as described in the text?

    <p>To offer comprehensive spatial information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What components are typically included in an atlas to complement the maps?

    <p>Graphs, charts, tables, photographs, diagrams, and text</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the atlas index usually located?

    <p>At the back of the atlas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does an atlas index guide users in locating specific places or features?

    <p>By listing names and page references</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of the alphabetical listing in an atlas index?

    <p>To organize names alphabetically</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What purpose does the map reference serve in an atlas index?

    <p>Give page numbers for feature locations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of fieldwork in research projects?

    <p>To observe natural phenomena directly and interact with participants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what phase of fieldwork is data collection typically conducted?

    <p>Phase 3: Collect, Describe, and Record Information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What activity is fundamental to Phase 1 of conducting fieldwork?

    <p>Engaging in extensive reading and observation to identify patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is formulating a hypothesis important in fieldwork?

    <p>To propose an educated guess based on initial insights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is Phase 4 of fieldwork primarily conducted?

    <p>In the lab analyzing data using statistical techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Phase 5 of fieldwork involve?

    <p>Presenting research findings and making recommendations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between Phase 3 and Phase 4 of fieldwork?

    <p>Phase 3 is conducted in the field, while Phase 4 is conducted in a classroom or lab setting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which activity is NOT typically associated with Phase 2 of conducting fieldwork?

    <p>Determining the population affected by the identified problem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'What specific problem are we trying to understand or solve?' is a question primarily addressed in which phase of fieldwork?

    <p>'Phase 1: Identify and Define a Problem'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'How will the data be collected?' is a key question asked during which phase of fieldwork?

    <p>'Phase 3: Collect, Describe, and Record Information'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial step in generating electricity from coal?

    <p>Pulverizing coal into a fine powder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which environmental problem is NOT associated with coal combustion according to the text?

    <p>Excessive noise pollution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the advantages mentioned for coal-fired power stations?

    <p>Dependable electricity generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the process of generating electricity from coal, what rotates a coil within a generator?

    <p>Steam propelling the blades of a turbine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What waste problems are caused by coal combustion according to the text?

    <p>Emissions of sulfur and nitrogen oxides, organic compounds, heavy metals, and fly ash</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes to coal being considered the most economical for electricity generation?

    <p>Extensive reserves in South Africa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary environmental concern associated with coal combustion by power plants?

    <p>Contribution to acid rain and global warming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does underground coal mining differ from open-cast mining in terms of health risks?

    <p>Greater likelihood of fatalities, injuries, and chronic health issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of energy for nuclear power plants?

    <p>Nuclear fission reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method used by nuclear energy to generate electricity?

    <p>Converting water into steam to drive turbines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In South Africa's 20-year energy plan, what percentage of the energy mix is allocated to renewable energy sources?

    <p>16%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main objective of Eskom's renewable energy research efforts despite coal being cost-effective?

    <p>To diversify energy sources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which non-conventional energy resource has immense untapped potential for generating electricity according to the text?

    <p><em>Solar radiation</em></p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the true bearing calculated?

    <p>By subtracting the magnetic declination from the magnetic bearing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a steep slope on a topographic map indicate?

    <p>Contour lines being close together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a cross-section in geography represent?

    <p>A side view of the terrain's elevation profile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is vertical exaggeration calculated in drawing cross-sections?

    <p>By dividing the scale of the vertical axis by the scale of the horizontal axis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does intervisibility refer to in geography?

    <p>The visibility from one point to another over terrain without obstacles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gradient in geography measures:

    <p>The ratio of vertical change to horizontal distance between two points</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cross-Sections are useful in geography for:

    <p>Providing a side view of terrain's elevation profile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do governments play in addressing climate change, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Promoting environmental education</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of businesses in contributing to environmental sustainability according to the text?

    <p>Conserving electricity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principle individuals are encouraged to adopt for environmental health?

    <p>&quot;Think globally, act locally&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a measure of the total greenhouse gas emissions caused directly and indirectly by an individual or entity?

    <p>Carbon footprint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of true bearings in geography?

    <p>They are measured relative to true north.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is the angle measured relative to magnetic north in specifying direction?

    <p>Magnetic bearing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What allows for precise pinpointing of locations on Earth?

    <p>'Degrees, minutes, seconds' system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary energy source for electricity generation in South Africa?

    <p>Coal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which innovation emulates the photosynthesis process to convert sunlight into a chemical fuel?

    <p>Artificial Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major environmental advantage of wind power compared to fossil fuels?

    <p>Air pollution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary challenge faced by solar power in terms of environmental impact?

    <p>Visual impact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In addressing energy needs, why is it crucial for South Africa to shift towards cleaner electricity sources?

    <p>To promote sustainable development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which innovation taps into wind streams in the Earth's troposphere for energy generation?

    <p>High Altitude Wind Power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Artificial leaf' technology is associated with which innovation for energy production?

    <p>Artificial Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Enhancing energy efficiency and investing in renewable sources' are key factors in transitioning to a green economy. What does 'green economy' aim to minimize?

    <p>Environmental risks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does spatial resolution in an image refer to?

    <p>The size of the picture elements or pixels that make up the image.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes oblique aerial photographs from vertical ones?

    <p>Vertical photos show the horizon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which GIS data type uses points, lines, and polygons to represent geographic features?

    <p>Vector Data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of an atlas index?

    <p>Help locate specific locations or features quickly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element is NOT used for identifying features on aerial photographs?

    <p>Temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In GIS, which data structure is especially effective for continuous data?

    <p>Raster Data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of orthophoto maps over standard aerial photographs?

    <p>They provide scale-accurate images.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are cast shadows on aerial photographs important?

    <p>To determine the time of day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of information do graphs, charts, and tables in an atlas provide?

    <p>Quantitative views on various issues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is typically located at the back of an atlas to aid users in locating specific information?

    <p>Atlas Index</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In GIS, what does the function of storing and managing data involve?

    <p>Efficiently managing large amounts of data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of transforming and integrating data in GIS?

    <p>To convert data into a uniform format</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of GIS in analyzing data?

    <p>Spatial relationships and patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function does GIS NOT serve according to the text?

    <p>Collecting spatial data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is spatial referencing important in GIS?

    <p>To associate data with specific locations on Earth's surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do oblique aerial photographs differ from vertical ones in their perspective view?

    <p>Vertical photos provide a more three-dimensional perspective.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of engaging in extensive reading and observation in Phase 1 of fieldwork?

    <p>To identify patterns, characteristics, and relationships to predict outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Formulating a Hypothesis in Phase 2 of fieldwork?

    <p>To propose an educated guess about the research problem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does Phase 3 of fieldwork primarily take place?

    <p>In a field where the phenomenon occurs or participants are accessible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main objective of analyzing and interpreting information in Phase 4 of fieldwork?

    <p>To process and analyze data using statistical methods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Phase 5 of fieldwork from the other phases?

    <p>It includes presenting findings and making recommendations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it crucial to identify patterns, characteristics, and relationships in Phase 1 of fieldwork?

    <p>To predict possible outcomes and propose solutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of proposing an educated guess or hypothesis in Phase 2 of fieldwork?

    <p>To predict potential reasons for observed phenomena or problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is data primarily collected during Phase 3 of fieldwork?

    <p>In the field where observations and measurements are conducted</p> Signup and view all the answers

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