November Paper 2 Exam Mix
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Questions and Answers

What does development in geography refer to?

  • Multifaceted process to improve quality of life (correct)
  • Enhancing cultural values only
  • Technological advancements exclusively
  • Uniform process across all nations

    • Which aspect is NOT included in the concept of development?

  • Cultural development
  • Economic development
  • Psychological development (correct)
  • Technological development

    • How is economic development related to natural and human resources?

  • It involves efficient exploitation of resources (correct)
  • It does not depend on resource exploitation
  • It is unrelated to the utilization of resources
  • It avoids using natural and human resources

    • What indicators reflect economic development?

    <p>Gross domestic product (GDP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does cultural development aim to integrate into the development process?

    <p>Social values and traditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which dimension of development focuses on improving the well-being of individuals and communities?

    <p>Social Development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of social development?

    <p>Providing a more equitable society for everyone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sector involves research and development activities?

    <p>Quaternary Economic Activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does sustainable development emphasize?

    <p>Meeting present needs without compromising future generations' needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of quality of life development?

    <p>Broader consideration beyond material wealth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which economic sector includes service industries like banking and transport?

    <p>Tertiary Economic Activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the aim of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)?

    <p>Improve health, reduce poverty, and enhance quality of life worldwide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sector focuses on processing raw materials into finished products?

    <p>Secondary Economic Activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the concept of sustainable development emphasize?

    <p>Meeting current needs while preserving resources for future generations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factors influence development according to the text?

    <p>Climate, land fertility, and water availability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the transition from fossil fuels challenging for developing countries?

    <p>They lack the technology for alternative energy sources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can strain resources and make it harder for countries to develop?

    <p>Rapid population increase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which model emphasizes sustainable development by considering economic, social, and environmental factors?

    <p>Sustainability Model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of projects focus on building local economies, alleviating poverty, and promoting sustainable development?

    <p>Community-driven projects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do countries engage in international trade according to the text?

    <p>To import what they lack and export surplus or goods produced efficiently</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Unstable Governments' can hinder a country's development path by creating what?

    <p>Instability and inefficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Trade Imbalances' see poorer countries exporting low-value raw materials and importing what?

    <p>'High-value' manufactured goods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Access to Resources' is significantly influenced by factors such as climate, land fertility, and what?

    <p>'Availability of water'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Core and Periphery Model' highlights the uneven nature of what, where economic activity diminishes?

    <p>'Economic growth'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between a surplus and a deficit in a country's trade balance?

    <p>A surplus means more exports than imports, while a deficit means the opposite.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common disadvantage faced by nations heavily reliant on exporting primary products?

    <p>Difficulty coping with price volatility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes fair trade from free trade in terms of their focus?

    <p>Fair trade emphasizes fair deals, whereas free trade focuses on exchange restrictions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does globalization refer to in the context of economies?

    <p>Increasing interdependence and connectivity of economies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which outcome has been observed in countries adopting export-led growth strategies?

    <p>Varied results with some countries experiencing rapid growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do women play in managing natural resources in developing countries?

    <p>Central role but often overlooked in policy discussions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is education considered a critical barrier to women's employment and advancement?

    <p>It poses challenges for women's employment and progress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What principle does the Universal Declaration of Human Rights establish regarding gender?

    <p>&quot;Equal rights irrespective of gender&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect is often highlighted as a challenge for women in poverty reduction efforts?

    <p>Barriers in access to resources and political decision-making</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are women's contributions and needs frequently overlooked in climate change discussions?

    <p>Ignorance regarding the impact of climate change on women globally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of vegetation and soil organisms in enriching the soil?

    <p>Enhancing soil with organic matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does soil texture influence its classification?

    <p>By the particle size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of soil acidity or alkalinity on plant growth?

    <p>Enhances nutrient availability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does soil structure impact water infiltration and root penetration?

    <p>Improves water infiltration and root penetration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What poses significant challenges related to soil erosion?

    <p>Wind and water erosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which strategy is NOT mentioned for addressing soil erosion in the text?

    <p>Implementing monoculture farming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of bilateral aid?

    <p>Direct assistance from a donor country to a recipient country</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes multilateral aid?

    <p>Distributed by large international organizations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of aid comes with specific performance requirements for the recipient?

    <p>Conditional Aid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of NGO assistance?

    <p>Self-help projects and public donations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common outcome of ineffective aid?

    <p>Debt burden from loans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country is mentioned as having had development success stories due to aid?

    <p>Botswana</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What geographical skill is crucial for planning and evaluating development projects?

    <p><strong>Mapwork Skills</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the distinction between renewable and non-renewable resources vital?

    <p>To advocate for renewable energy sources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the emphasis of Unit 1 regarding resource utilization?

    <p>Reducing resource consumption and need for lifestyle changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the backbone of any society according to the text?

    <p>Economic assets and natural environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary causes of resource depletion as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Population growth and over-consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which environmental issue is exacerbated by deforestation, according to the text?

    <p>Increased atmospheric CO2 levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of sustainability as discussed in the text?

    <p>Balanced resource use considering social, environmental, and economic aspects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered a sustainable practice according to the text?

    <p>Reforestation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What layer of soil is rich in organic material and considered the most fertile?

    <p>A Horizon (Topsoil)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor influences the mineral composition of soil based on the type of underlying rock?

    <p>Parent Material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What horizon in soil consists of weathered parent material and contributes minerals to the soil?

    <p>C Horizon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of soil is composed of decaying plant matter transitioning into humus?

    <p>O Horizon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of development aid?

    <p>Reduction of poverty through long-term development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region faces a severe HIV/Aids epidemic according to the text?

    <p>Sub-Saharan Africa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of women in the rural economy of sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>Primary responsibility for food production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant environmental challenge posed by economic development?

    <p>Industrial pollution and habitat loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In South Africa, what is the role of state-owned enterprises like Eskom?

    <p>Providing infrastructure for development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the emphasis of businesses operating within Industrial Development Zones (IDZs)?

    <p>Stimulating economic growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do critics argue about the impact of development aid?

    <p>'It perpetuates dependency'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major type of environmental pollution caused by industrial activities according to the text?

    <p>'Air, water, and land pollution'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does economic development in geography involve?

    <p>Enhancing a country's capacity to produce goods and services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect is cultural development in geography primarily concerned with?

    <p>Preserving and promoting cultural values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key focus of social development in geography?

    <p>Enhancing the well-being of individuals and communities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which indicator is closely associated with measuring economic development?

    <p>Unemployment rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does cultural development contribute to the overall concept of development?

    <p>By promoting cultural values and traditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of geography, what does social development aim to achieve?

    <p>Improve the well-being of individuals and communities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common challenge faced by developing countries in transitioning from fossil fuels to more efficient energy sources?

    <p>Lack of financial resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can rapid population growth hinder a country's development according to the text?

    <p>It strains available resources due to higher demand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of international trade, why do countries engage in exporting low-value raw materials according to the text?

    <p>Due to an unfair nature of international trade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor emphasized by the Sustainability Model for long-term viable development?

    <p>Balanced consideration of economic, social, and environmental aspects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does environmental degradation perpetuate underdevelopment according to the text?

    <p>By negatively impacting agricultural and fishing productivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary characteristic of the Core and Periphery Model in terms of economic growth?

    <p>'Core' regions have diminishing economic activity compared to peripheral areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is capacity building considered essential for long-term economic development and community empowerment?

    <p>To foster self-sufficiency and resilience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact can unstable governments have on a country's development path?

    <p>Creating instability and inefficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are developed countries often the largest consumers of energy globally?

    <p>Resulting from high levels of industrialization and consumption patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant drawback of trade imbalances according to the text?

    <p>Exacerbating economic gaps between countries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does soil pH index affect plant growth?

    <p>It affects the availability of nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do earthworms play in soil enrichment?

    <p>Improving soil fertility through organic matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sector focuses on the extraction of natural resources like agriculture, mining, and fishing?

    <p>Primary Economic Activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main challenge posed by poor farming practices in relation to soil erosion?

    <p>Exacerbating erosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key emphasis of sustainable development?

    <p>Balancing present needs with future generations' needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does soil erosion impact agricultural productivity?

    <p>Reducing soil fertility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which management strategy aims to reduce erosion risk by maintaining vegetation cover?

    <p>Maintaining vegetation cover</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of economic activities encompass service industries that support manufacturing and other services like banking and transport?

    <p>Tertiary Economic Activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the aim of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)?

    <p>Reduce poverty and improve health worldwide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is soil considered a non-renewable resource despite its capacity for renewal?

    <p>Its slow formation rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes significantly to a country's growth by leading to more efficient resource use and improved services?

    <p>Technological development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the emphasis of businesses operating within Industrial Development Zones (IDZs)?

    <p>Resource conservation and environmental protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which model emphasizes the uneven nature of economic activity, where some areas diminish while others prosper?

    <p>'Core and Periphery Model'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Trade Imbalances' see poorer countries exporting low-value raw materials and importing what?

    <p>High-value finished goods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Unstable Governments' can hinder a country's development path by creating what?

    <p>'Political Instability'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Development Goals and Inequality' address disparities in various aspects of development, including which of the following?

    <p>'Standard of Living'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of development aid?

    <p>Foster long-term economic, social, and political development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common challenge associated with development aid?

    <p>Creating dependency on external assistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does development aid differ from humanitarian aid?

    <p>Development aid aims to foster sustainable poverty reduction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the principles of development aid?

    <p>Supporting infrastructure projects and research initiatives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why has sustained growth often eluded recipient countries despite international development aid efforts?

    <p>Because of perpetuated dependency on aid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the focus of development aid?

    <p>Stimulating long-term development in developing countries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the key criticisms regarding the impact of development aid?

    <p>Creating dependency on external assistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Avoiding immediate crises' and focusing on fostering long-term development are key principles of:

    <p><em>Development aid</em></p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Stimulating long-term development' primarily refers to the goals of:

    <p><em>Development aid</em></p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Dependency on external assistance' is a commonly cited issue associated with:

    <p><em>Development aid</em></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes bilateral aid from multilateral aid?

    <p>The distributing organizations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does conditional aid differ from NGO assistance?

    <p>The utilization of funds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common negative consequence of ineffective aid mentioned in the text?

    <p>Corruption and diversion of funds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does aid contribute to health and living standards improvement?

    <p>Through clean water and sanitation projects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the distinction between renewable and non-renewable resources vital?

    <p>To assess the natural environment's sustainability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do geographical skills contribute to aid planning and evaluation?

    <p>By utilizing geographical information systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of NGO assistance according to the text?

    <p>Public donation-funded projects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does multilateral aid differ from conditional aid?

    <p>'Specific performance requirements for recipients'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Effective Aid' contributes to skill development and technical knowledge through:

    <p>'Clean water and sanitation initiatives'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'What aspect of development does 'Conditional Aid' focus on?

    <p>Specific performance requirements for recipients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a trade surplus indicate about a country's trade balance?

    <p>The country earns more from its exports than it spends on imports.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which practice aims to ensure that producers in developing countries receive equitable treatment?

    <p>Fair Trade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary disadvantages faced by nations heavily reliant on exporting primary products?

    <p>Low value-added and vulnerability to price fluctuations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does globalization impact the world's economies as discussed in the text?

    <p>It increases interconnectedness and interdependence among economies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of export-led growth strategies according to the text?

    <p>Boosting economic growth through export activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is education considered a critical barrier to women's employment and advancement based on the text?

    <p>Education affects women's opportunities for employment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key principle established by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights regarding gender?

    <p>Equal rights irrespective of gender</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes fair trade compared to free trade in international practices?

    <p>Promoting equal treatment for producers in developing countries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is emphasized as fundamental for leveraging women's full potential in development processes?

    <p>Gender analysis and understanding gender issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of climate change discussions tends to overlook women's contributions and needs according to the text?

    <p>The consideration of women's roles in managing natural resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern associated with resource exploitation according to the text?

    <p>Resource depletion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which horizon in soil consists of minerals leached from the A horizon and is less fertile?

    <p>B Horizon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to the greenhouse effect according to the text?

    <p>Deforestation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor plays a significant role in influencing the mineral composition of soil?

    <p>Parent Material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key challenge to achieving long-term economic and environmental health as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Resource depletion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which horizon in soil consists of decaying plant matter transitioning into humus?

    <p>O Horizon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What critical dimensions does sustainability encompass according to the text?

    <p>Economic, ecological, and social dimensions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary outcome of the burning of fossil fuels as mentioned in the text?

    <p>A contribution to climate change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What influence does climate have on soil formation according to the text?

    <p>It determines vegetation type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a negative impact of resource depletion as discussed in the text?

    <p>A challenge to achieving economic health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the dimensions that understanding the concept of development in geography requires comprehensive exploration of?

    <p>Social, economic, and environmental aspects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which development aspect involves aligning growth with a country's identity and heritage?

    <p>Cultural development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which indicator reflects the capacity of a country to produce goods and services?

    <p>Gross National Product (GNP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does social development in geography focus on improving?

    <p>Well-being of individuals and communities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which horizon in soil consists of decaying plant matter transitioning into humus?

    <p>O horizon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does economic development in geography involve primarily?

    <p>Enhancing the capacity to produce goods and services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of the 'Rostow Model' of economic growth?

    <p>Proposing a universal pathway to development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is transitioning from fossil fuels to more efficient energy sources challenging for developing countries?

    <p>Limited financial resources for infrastructure development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can hinder a country's development path by creating instability and inefficiency?

    <p>Unstable governments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do countries engage in international trade according to the text?

    <p>To import what they lack and export surplus goods/services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary focus of 'Core and Periphery Model' in terms of economic growth and development?

    <p>'Take-off' stage of rapid industrialization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does rapid population growth impact a country's development?

    <p>By increasing strain on resources and making development harder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Trade Imbalances' often see poorer countries exporting low-value raw materials and importing what?

    <p>'High-Value Manufactured Goods'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Environmental Degradation' perpetuates underdevelopment by impacting which aspects of productivity?

    <p>'Agricultural and Fishing Productivity'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the balance of trade indicate when a country has a surplus?

    <p>The country earns more from its exports than it spends on imports</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In international trade, what do terms of trade compare?

    <p>Export prices of a country with its import prices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of fair trade compared to free trade?

    <p>Emphasizing a fair deal for producers in developing countries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of globalization mentioned in the text?

    <p>Access to goods and knowledge sharing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do many of the world's poorest nations face disadvantages due to commodity dependence?

    <p>Vulnerability to price fluctuations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of countries are often disadvantaged by terms of trade that disadvantage less economically developed countries (LEDCs)?

    <p>LEDCs exporting raw materials and importing manufactured goods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes South-South Trade from traditional international trade?

    <p>Involves the exchange of goods and services between developing countries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of development aid as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Fostering economic, environmental, social, and political development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common criticism of development aid based on the text?

    <p>It often perpetuates dependency on external assistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of state-owned enterprises like Eskom in South African development according to the text?

    <p>They are instrumental in providing infrastructure for development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do women face unequal rewards despite their central role in the rural economy?

    <p>Despite their crucial role, there is a lack of equitable economic development strategies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region faces a severe HIV/Aids epidemic according to the text?

    <p>Sub-Saharan Africa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the urgent need highlighted by the gender disparity in HIV/Aids infection rates?

    <p>The need for addressing women's health and empowerment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of businesses operating within Industrial Development Zones (IDZs)?

    <p>Stimulating economic growth through job creation and exports</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sector is primarily responsible for food production, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>Agricultural sector</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are women's roles focused on concerning development according to the text?

    <p>Multiple aspects including gender equality, environmental management, and economic participation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is understanding soil's physical properties crucial for its management and utilization?

    <p>To describe how soil particles are aggregated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does soil erosion have on agricultural productivity?

    <p>Reduces the quality of topsoil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which management strategy aims to address poor farming practices that contribute to soil erosion?

    <p>Implementing livestock limits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant challenge posed by wind and water erosion on soil?

    <p>Reducing soil quality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does soil pH index affect plant growth?

    <p>By impacting nutrient availability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic of soil helps in classifying it by particle size?

    <p>Soil texture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary emphasis of social development as discussed in the text?

    <p>Improving quality of life through equitable opportunities for all</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sector focuses on high-level decision-making processes that shape the overall direction of development?

    <p>Quaternary Economic Activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the Standard of Living from Quality of Life?

    <p>Standard of Living is measured by material wealth, while Quality of Life considers happiness and well-being.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which economic activity involves research and development to innovate and improve product development?

    <p>Quaternary Economic Activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the aim of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) according to the text?

    <p>To address various aspects of development like reducing poverty and improving health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does sustainable development primarily emphasize?

    <p>Balancing present needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet their needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do less economically developed countries (LEDCs) typically differ in terms of workforce distribution compared to more economically developed countries (MEDCs)?

    <p>MEDCs have a significant portion engaged in primary activities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept challenges the idea of a universal approach to development based on different countries' varying rates and methods of development?

    <p>'Development Continuum Concept'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does technological development contribute significantly to a country's growth?

    <p>By enhancing communication and resource efficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text highlight as a key aspect for fostering growth and development across geographic landscapes?

    <p>Considering critical factors like economic sectors and community-based approaches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of aid involves direct assistance from a donor country to a recipient country, including grants, loans, and technical support?

    <p>Bilateral Aid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of aid comes with specific performance requirements that the recipient must meet?

    <p>Conditional Aid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does NGO Assistance primarily focus on according to the text?

    <p>Self-help projects and public donations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does effective aid contribute to development according to the text?

    <p>Stimulating industrial growth and job creation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key outcome of ineffective aid mentioned in the text?

    <p>Failing to reach intended beneficiaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which geographical skill is crucial for planning and evaluating development projects?

    <p>Mapwork Skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is emphasized as essential in crafting sustainable development solutions tailored to each developing country's unique needs?

    <p>Robust geographical skills and techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Renewable energy sources like solar and wind power are advocated for as alternatives to what non-renewable energy source mentioned in the text?

    <p><strong>Coal</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Resources like solar energy, wind, and water are classified under which category based on their ability to regenerate or be continuously used without depletion?

    <p><strong>Renewable resources</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of resource depletion according to the text?

    <p>Technological advancements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which horizon in soil consists of weathered parent material, contributing minerals to the soil?

    <p>C Horizon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What poses a threat to ecological balance and plant growth as highlighted in the text?

    <p>Soil erosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor plays a significant role in the formation and quality of soil over time?

    <p>Time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of sustainability as discussed in the text?

    <p>Ecological protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the A Horizon (Topsoil) from the B Horizon (Subsoil) in soil composition?

    <p>Mineral leaching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the distinction between renewable and non-renewable resources crucial according to the provided text?

    <p>To ensure sustainable practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of soil formation involves the incorporation of water, air, and organic matter?

    <p>Weathering of parent rock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Over-consumption' is cited as a primary cause of resource depletion due to its connection with what factor?

    <p>'Population Growth'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Humus' is a key component of which soil horizon as described in the text?

    <p>'O' Horizon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does economic development in geography focus on improving?

    <p>Exploitation of natural and human resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which indicator reflects social development in a country's existence?

    <p>Improving the well-being of individuals and communities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of development geography, what is cultural development primarily concerned with?

    <p>Aligning growth with cultural identity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of development ensures that growth aligns with a country's identity and heritage?

    <p>Cultural development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key component of economic development that is reflected in indicators like GDP and GNP?

    <p>Enhancing the capacity to produce goods and services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which dimension of development requires a comprehensive understanding of economic, social, technological, and environmental aspects?

    <p>Environmental dimensions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primary principle was established in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948?

    <p>Equal rights irrespective of gender</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do women often face exclusion from political decision-making, as per the text?

    <p>Low representation of women in parliaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was recognized as important in the 2010 Cancun agreements regarding climate change action?

    <p>Women's participation across all climate change aspects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contribution do women make to managing natural resources in developing countries?

    <p>Key participants in maintaining natural ecosystems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is education considered a critical barrier to women's employment and advancement?

    <p>Significant gender gap in literacy rates hinders opportunities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect is often overlooked regarding women's contributions and needs in climate change discussions?

    <p>Women's key roles in climate change adaptation strategies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element is fundamental in leveraging the full potential of women in development processes?

    <p>Understanding and applying gender analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of development aid?

    <p>Promote long-term development in LEDCs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why has sustained growth often eluded recipient countries despite international efforts?

    <p>Perpetuation of dependency on aid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is soil considered a non-renewable resource despite its capacity for renewal?

    <p>Due to its slow formation rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern regarding the environmental impact of economic development?

    <p>Habitat loss and pollution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor influences soil quality and agricultural productivity by removing topsoil through natural forces?

    <p>Wind and Water Erosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of state-owned enterprises like Eskom in economic development?

    <p>Development of infrastructure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary strategy mentioned in the text for reducing soil erosion risk?

    <p>Contour ploughing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sector is primarily responsible for food production in sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>Women in rural areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does soil acidity or alkalinity, as indicated by the pH index, influence plant growth?

    <p>Enhances nutrient availability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common criticism of development aid according to the text?

    <p>Perpetuates dependency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it urgent to address gender disparities in the context of sustainable development?

    <p>To achieve sustainable development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of soil structure affects water infiltration and root penetration?

    <p>Structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which physical property of soil indicates the conditions under which it was formed?

    <p>Colour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of businesses operating within Industrial Development Zones (IDZs)?

    <p>Economic growth stimulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do countries engage in international trade?

    <p>To import goods they cannot produce efficiently or of better quality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does rapid population growth impact a country's development?

    <p>It strains resources by increasing demand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hinders a country's development path according to the text?

    <p>Corruption and incompetence in governance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which model emphasizes sustainable development integrating economic, social, and environmental considerations?

    <p>Sustainability Model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does geography play in development according to the text?

    <p>Geography affects factors like climate, fertility of land, and water availability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are renewable energy sources advocated for as alternatives to fossil fuels?

    <p>To mitigate environmental degradation and promote sustainability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of community-based development as discussed in the text?

    <p><strong>Community-Driven Projects</strong> focused on local economies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the transition from fossil fuels to more efficient energy sources challenging for developing countries?

    <p><strong>Developing countries</strong> lack the infrastructure and resources for the transition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Core and Periphery Model highlights the uneven nature of economic growth, where economic activity diminishes from core to peripheral regions. What does this model emphasize?

    <p><strong>Unequal distribution</strong> of economic activity across regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Environmental Degradation perpetuates underdevelopment by impacting which aspects of productivity according to the text?

    <p><strong>Agricultural and fishing</strong> productivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the concept of sustainable development emphasize?

    <p>Ensuring long-term sustainability without compromising future needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the Standard of Living from Quality of Life?

    <p>Quality of Life considers happiness and contentment while Standard of Living measures financial security</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes significantly to a country's growth by leading to more efficient resource use and improved services?

    <p>Adoption and innovation of technology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do less economically developed countries (LEDCs) often have a significant portion of their population engaged in primary activities?

    <p>Limited access to education and skill development programs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of quaternary economic activities?

    <p>High-level decision-making processes in society or economy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the aim of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)?

    <p>To reduce poverty, improve health, and enhance quality of life worldwide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor significantly challenges the notion of a one-size-fits-all approach to development?

    <p>Different rates and ways in which countries develop</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can unstable governments hinder a country's development path?

    <p>By creating instability and inefficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of countries exhibit a higher concentration in tertiary, quaternary, and quinary activities?

    <p>More economically developed countries (MEDCs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key principle of sustainable development?

    <p>Meeting present needs without compromising future generations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does NGO assistance differ from bilateral aid?

    <p>NGO assistance involves non-governmental organizations like Oxfam, while bilateral aid involves direct assistance from a donor country.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of development does multilateral aid primarily focus on?

    <p>Global initiatives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can conditions tied to aid sometimes limit local autonomy?

    <p>By prioritizing donor interests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do renewable resources differ from non-renewable resources?

    <p>Renewable resources allow for sustainable use without depletion, while non-renewable resources stimulate industrial growth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the distinction between bilateral aid and multilateral aid significant?

    <p>To understand the impact on development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does geographical expertise play in aid planning and implementation?

    <p>Geographical expertise facilitates the analysis and management of spatial data critical for development planning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way do non-renewable resources differ from renewable resources?

    <p>Non-renewable resources are finite and deplete over time, while renewable resources can be used continuously without depletion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best summarizes the impact of ineffective aid?

    <p>'Ineffective aid fails to significantly alleviate poverty.'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor influencing the mineral composition of soil?

    <p>Parent Material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which horizon in soil consists of weathered parent material and contributes minerals to the soil?

    <p>C Horizon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does climate influence soil formation?

    <p>Affects rate of weathering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most fertile layer of soil rich in organic material?

    <p>A Horizon (Topsoil)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process leads to the development of soil horizons in a mature soil profile?

    <p>Weathering of parent rock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is organic matter crucial for soil formation?

    <p>Transforms living matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which horizon in soil consists of minerals leached from the A horizon and is less fertile?

    <p>B Horizon (Subsoil)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the O Horizon from the A Horizon in soil composition?

    <p>'Composed of decaying plant matter'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is electricity generated from coal in the process described in the text?

    <p>By heating water to produce steam that turns a turbine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant advantage of coal-based electricity generation mentioned in the text?

    <p>Dependable electricity generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What environmental impact is associated with coal combustion as discussed in the text?

    <p>Emitting sulfur and nitrogen oxides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable disadvantage of coal combustion according to the information provided?

    <p>Producing radioactive elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is coal considered the most economical option for generating electricity among all energy sources?

    <p>Because it is abundant and cost-effective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is electric current produced in the process of generating electricity from coal?

    <p>By rotating a coil within a generator with turbine-generated steam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What environmental impact is associated with underground coal mining?

    <p>Health risks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which energy source is being harnessed by the Sere wind power and Upington solar power projects in South Africa?

    <p>Renewable energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to the production of sulfuric acid in coal mining, posing a threat to ecosystems?

    <p>Acid mine drainage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What drives turbines to generate electricity in nuclear power plants?

    <p>Water converted into steam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aim of South Africa's 20-Year Plan for energy by 2030?

    <p>Diversify the energy mix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary environmental impact of coal combustion by power plants?

    <p>Air pollution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significant role of silicon in converting solar power into electricity?

    <p>Generates electrical charge when exposed to sunlight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary energy source for electricity generation in South Africa?

    <p>Coal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which innovation emulates the photosynthesis process to transform sunlight into chemical fuel?

    <p>Artificial Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key challenge faced by wind power despite being a clean energy source?

    <p>Visual impact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of renewable energy source produces no air pollution during operation?

    <p>Solar power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated energy potential from wind streams in the Earth's troposphere compared to humanity's annual energy consumption?

    <p>Significantly higher than humanity's annual energy consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor for South Africa's economy to thrive according to the text?

    <p>Expanding electricity supply with economic growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which innovative device is capable of navigating in tidal currents to generate energy efficiently?

    <p>Underwater Kites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does transitioning to a green economy prioritize according to the United Nations?

    <p>'Human well-being' and social equity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Sustainable living' involves reducing one's carbon footprint by adopting practices that minimize the use of Earth's natural resources. What does it NOT include?

    <p>'Increasing resource use'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major challenge faced by solar power related to environmental concerns?

    <p>Mainly related to production, installation, and disposal processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of governments in addressing climate change, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Setting examples through sustainable practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can businesses contribute to environmental sustainability?

    <p>By adopting greener practices and reducing emissions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concept behind reducing personal carbon footprints?

    <p>Promoting mindful consumption and sustainable living practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do geographic coordinates define on Earth?

    <p>The location of a place through latitude and longitude</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In geography, what is the purpose of using compass points?

    <p>To describe the direction from one geographic feature to another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between true bearing and magnetic bearing?

    <p>True bearing is measured relative to true north, while magnetic bearing is measured relative to magnetic north</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is reducing the carbon footprint essential, according to the text?

    <p>To contribute to environmental sustainability and mitigate climate change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which line of latitude runs east-west around the globe?

    <p>Parallels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equator's position in terms of latitude?

    <p>0° Latitude</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do individuals play in promoting environmental health according to the text?

    <p>Taking actions within their communities to promote environmental health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do you calculate the true bearing from the magnetic bearing?

    <p>Subtract the magnetic declination from the magnetic bearing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'vertical exaggeration' refer to in topography?

    <p>Exaggerating the vertical scale compared to the horizontal scale in cross-sections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of drawing sight lines in determining intervisibility?

    <p>To identify potential obstructions blocking visibility between points</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is gradient calculated in geography?

    <p>By dividing the vertical difference in elevation by the horizontal distance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a close grouping of contour lines on a topographic map typically indicate?

    <p>Steep slope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is understanding contour lines important in interpreting topographic maps?

    <p>To visualize elevation and terrain shapes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a cross-section represent in geography?

    <p>A vertical view of elevation profile at a specific line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    '1 hectare is equal to how many square meters?'

    <p>$10,000$ m²</p> Signup and view all the answers

    '1 km² equals how many hectares?'

    <p>$10,000$ hectares</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does spatial resolution refer to?

    <p>The size of the picture elements in an image</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which GIS data type represents features like roads or rivers?

    <p>Line Data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In GIS, which data structure is effective for continuous data representation?

    <p>Raster Data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary feature of an atlas index?

    <p>Indexing geographical features alphabetically</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of an atlas provides visual context and illustrates changes over time?

    <p>Photographs and Diagrams</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does spectral resolution indicate in remote sensing?

    <p>The ability to detect information across various spectral bands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which GIS data type describes characteristics like the population of an area?

    <p>Point Data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In GIS, when is vector data preferred over raster data?

    <p>For detailed and precise representations of geographic features</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of data is used to describe the population of an area?

    <p>Point Data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is raster data considered ineffective for representing discrete geographic features?

    <p>For data represented by points, lines, or polygons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of an atlas, based on the provided text?

    <p>To offer organized information for quick reference and study</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In fieldwork research, what is the foundational phase that sets the direction for the entire project?

    <p>Phase 1: Identify and Define a Problem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of activities are typically conducted in Phase 3 of fieldwork research?

    <p>Collecting data using qualitative or quantitative methods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase in fieldwork research primarily involves creating visual representations of data?

    <p>Phase 4: Analyse and Interpret Information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of Phase 5 in fieldwork research?

    <p>Presenting findings and making recommendations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase in fieldwork research involves proposing an educated guess based on initial insights?

    <p>Formulate a Hypothesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main activity in Phase 4 of fieldwork research?

    <p>Analyzing the collected data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In conducting fieldwork research, what is the primary focus of Phase 3?

    <p>Collecting data using various methods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of aerial photograph is best suited for providing a true top-down view and consistent scale for mapping purposes?

    <p>Vertical Aerial Photograph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element of aerial photograph interpretation relies on the visual smoothness or roughness of surfaces in the image?

    <p>Texture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of orthophoto maps compared to standard aerial photos?

    <p>They provide scale-accurate images corrected for distortions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function of a Geographical Information System (GIS) involves querying and manipulating data to extract relevant information?

    <p>Recalling and Processing Data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called in GIS where geographic data is associated with specific locations on the earth's surface?

    <p>Georeferencing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of identifying features on aerial photographs involves the reflectivity of objects based on various factors?

    <p>Tone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of aerial photograph offers a more three-dimensional perspective and is useful for visualizing landscape features?

    <p>Oblique Aerial Photograph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature on aerial photographs helps identify objects' spatial qualities like height and depth?

    <p>Shadow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What enhances the reliability of orthophoto maps for precise measurements and detailed planning?

    <p>Scale Accuracy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of aerial photography interpretation helps in determining the time of day and position of the sun relative to the landscape?

    <p>Shadow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of pulverizing coal in the process of generating electricity?

    <p>To increase the surface area available for combustion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT listed as an advantage of coal-based electricity generation?

    <p>Minimal environmental impact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the environmental consequence of coal combustion mentioned in the text?

    <p>Release of heavy metals into the atmosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of electricity generation from coal, what role does the turbine play?

    <p>Turns steam energy into mechanical energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of coal combustion contributes to waste problems mentioned in the text?

    <p>Production of organic compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the critical role of the generator in coal-based electricity generation?

    <p>Converts mechanical energy into electric current</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the debate surrounding biofuels in South Africa?

    <p>Their impact on commodity prices and affordability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which energy innovation emulates the photosynthesis process to convert sunlight into a chemical fuel for later use?

    <p>Artificial Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which renewable energy source is highlighted as facing challenges due to opposition concerning noise, visual impact, and potential harm to wildlife?

    <p>Wind power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of a green economy according to the United Nations?

    <p>Minimizing environmental risks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does South Africa aim to promote sustainable practices across all sectors of the economy?

    <p>By enhancing energy efficiency and investing in renewable sources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated energy potential of wind streams in Earth's troposphere compared to humanity's annual energy consumption?

    <p>$850$ terrawatts compared to $70$ TW consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key aspect of sustainability involves reducing one's carbon footprint through specific lifestyle changes?

    <p><em>Reducing</em> one's carbon footprint by adopting practices that minimize natural resource use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which renewable energy source is highlighted as not generating air pollution during operation?

    <p><em>Solar power</em></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which actor is highlighted for its commitment to addressing climate change on a global scale?

    <p>Governments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary measure of the total greenhouse gas emissions caused directly and indirectly by an individual or entity?

    <p>Carbon Footprint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does latitude measure in terms of geographic location?

    <p>North-South position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bearing is measured relative to the Earth's magnetic North Pole?

    <p>Magnetic Bearing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the angle measured relative to true north when specifying direction using bearings?

    <p>True Bearing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In relation to geographic positioning, what is used to measure east-west position?

    <p>Longitude</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can businesses achieve by adopting greener practices according to the text?

    <p>Cost savings and improved public relations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using a compass in understanding direction?

    <p>To generalize compass points for direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Prime Meridian's location in terms of longitude?

    <p>0° longitude</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of environmental sustainability involves reducing personal carbon footprints?

    <p>Adopting sustainable living practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary environmental concern associated with coal combustion by power plants?

    <p>Release of harmful sulfuric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which energy source did South Africa embark on developing through the Sere wind power and Upington solar power projects?

    <p>Renewable energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In South Africa's 20-Year Plan, what percentage of the energy mix is allocated to nuclear power by 2030?

    <p>14%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of converting solar power into electricity using photovoltaics?

    <p>Generating electricity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor significantly influences the siting of coal-fired power stations in South Africa, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Geographical limitations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What environmental impact is associated with open-cast coal mining as per the text?

    <p>Alteration of landscapes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main challenge related to hydroelectric power generation in South Africa according to the text?

    <p>Limited hydroelectric potential due to dry climate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of GIS data represents specific locations on the earth's surface, such as springs or monuments?

    <p>Point Data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In GIS, which type of data structure is especially effective for continuous data and consists of a grid of cells?

    <p>Raster Data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes the ability of a sensor to detect information across various spectral bands of the electromagnetic spectrum?

    <p>Spectral Resolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of an atlas provides quantitative views on issues like population trends and health statistics?

    <p>Graphs, Charts, and Tables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of an atlas index?

    <p>Guiding users to find specific locations or features</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of GIS data structure uses points, lines, and polygons to represent discrete features?

    <p>Vector Data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of GIS data structure is specifically suited for detailed and precise representations of geographic features?

    <p>Vector Data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of maps in an atlas?

    <p>Showing physical, political, economic, and social landscapes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do graphs, charts, and tables provide in an atlas?

    <p>Quantitative views on various issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do text descriptions provide in an atlas?

    <p>Background, analysis, and insights.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can the true bearing be calculated from the magnetic bearing?

    <p>Subtract the magnetic declination from the magnetic bearing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does vertical exaggeration aim to enhance in cross-sections?

    <p>Terrain visibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is gradient calculated between two points on a slope?

    <p>Dividing vertical change by horizontal distance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What indicates a steep slope when looking at contour lines on a topographic map?

    <p>Close together contour lines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of drawing sight lines between points in relation to intervisibility?

    <p>To check for terrain obstructions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is essential for understanding various landscape forms like valleys and plateaus on topographic maps?

    <p>Contours with varying intervals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which conversion factor is used to convert square meters to hectares?

    <p>Divide by 10,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a 1:50,000 scale map indicate with a contour interval of 20 m?

    <p>20 m elevation change per contour line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Intervisibility' refers to what aspect of terrain analysis?

    <p>Terrain visibility without obstructions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key characteristic of steep slopes when depicted on a topographic map?

    <p>Contour lines close together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of an atlas in geography and related fields?

    <p>To offer quick reference and in-depth study materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In conducting fieldwork, when should data collection take place?

    <p>In the field where the phenomenon occurs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of formulating a hypothesis in a research project?

    <p>To propose an educated guess or prediction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During Phase 4 of fieldwork, where does the analytical phase primarily take place?

    <p>In a laboratory setting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is engaging in extensive reading and observation important in Phase 1 of conducting fieldwork?

    <p>To identify patterns indicating a problem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key outcome of Phase 5 of conducting fieldwork in a research project?

    <p>Presenting findings and making recommendations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of fieldwork involves determining the type of data required and the methods for collecting it?

    <p>Phase 3: Collect, Describe, and Record Information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What question guides Phase 4 of conducting fieldwork?

    <p>'What patterns emerge from the data?'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'How did these patterns or phenomena occur?' is a common question asked during which phase of fieldwork?

    <p>'Phase 4: Analyse and Interpret Information'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Where will the data collection take place (e.g., specific locations in the field)?' is a crucial question asked during which phase of conducting fieldwork?

    <p>'Phase 3: Collect, Describe, and Record Information'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of aerial photograph is ideal for mapping due to providing a consistent scale and true top-down view?

    <p>Vertical Aerial Photographs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In aerial photographs, which element is used to determine objects' spatial qualities like height and depth?

    <p>Shadow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do orthophoto maps enhance aerial photographs with, making them highly reliable for precise measurements?

    <p>Contours and spot heights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do GIS systems provide a framework for storing efficiently?

    <p>Both spatial and non-spatial data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function of GIS involves converting data into a uniform format for comprehensive analysis?

    <p>Transforming and Integrating Data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of querying and manipulating data in GIS?

    <p>To extract relevant information as per user requirements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of aerial photograph is useful for visualizing landscape features from an angle?

    <p>Oblique Aerial Photographs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do built structures like buildings and roads often display in terms of shape?

    <p>'Regular, geometric shapes with clear boundaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor determines the tone variation in objects on aerial photographs?

    <p>'Angle of sunlight'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of coal in the generation of electricity?

    <p>To turn water into steam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adverse environmental impact is NOT associated with coal combustion?

    <p>Leaching of minerals from soil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one key advantage of coal-based electricity generation according to the text?

    <p>Low cost</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is electricity produced in a coal-fired power station?

    <p>By rotating a coil within a generator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main disadvantage of coal combustion highlighted in the text?

    <p>Significant waste problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage in the electricity generation process involves turning water into steam?

    <p>Burning coal to generate heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable advantage of wind power as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Produces no air or water pollution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of transitioning to a green economy according to the United Nations?

    <p>Minimizing environmental risks and efficient resource use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which innovation emulates the photosynthesis process to transform sunlight into a chemical fuel?

    <p>Artificial Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical challenge faced by solar power according to the text?

    <p>Mainly related to production processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which energy source is expected to constitute a significant portion of new electricity generation in South Africa?

    <p>Wind power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated energy potential from wind streams in the Earth's troposphere compared to humanity's annual energy consumption?

    <p>Greater than humanity's annual energy consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is crucial for South Africa's economic stability and population well-being according to the text?

    <p>Balancing increased electricity production with cleaner sources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant advantage of solar buildings according to the text?

    <p>'Integrating solar energy generation into building designs'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are biofuels a topic of debate, especially concerning affordability for the impoverished?

    <p>'Potential impact on commodity prices'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily differentiates solar power from wind power in terms of environmental concerns?

    <p>Production, installation, and disposal process concerns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can you calculate the true bearing from the magnetic bearing?

    <p>Subtracting the magnetic declination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does vertical exaggeration aim to achieve in cross-sections?

    <p>Enhance visibility of subtle terrain features</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of contour lines being close together on a topographic map?

    <p>Indicates a steep slope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the gradient calculated in geography?

    <p>Dividing vertical change by horizontal distance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does intervisibility refer to in geography?

    <p>Ability to see over terrain without obstructions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is used for converting square meters to hectares?

    <p>Divide by 10,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are contour lines crucial on topographic maps?

    <p>To represent points of equal elevation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of constructing a cross-section in geography?

    <p>To visualize elevation profile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a 1:50 gradient indicate in geography?

    <p>For every 50 meters horizontally, there is a 1 meter vertical rise.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a 1:10,000 scale map typically use for contour intervals in South Africa?

    <p>5 m interval</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of governments in addressing climate change, as stated in the text?

    <p>Promoting environmental education and sustainable practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can businesses contribute to environmental sustainability, according to the text?

    <p>Adopting greener practices and reducing emissions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of adopting the principle 'Think globally, act locally' for individuals?

    <p>Promoting environmental health within communities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are geographic coordinates used to define locations on Earth?

    <p>Through the intersection of lines of latitude and longitude</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of true bearings in specifying directions accurately?

    <p>They measure angles relative to true north</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is magnetic bearing important when specifying direction?

    <p>It accounts for magnetic declination differences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way can reducing personal carbon footprints positively impact the environment?

    <p>By enhancing waste management practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does South Africa demonstrate its commitment to addressing climate change on a global scale?

    <p>By hosting international conferences like COP 17 in Durban</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important for businesses to conserve water and electricity according to the text?

    <p>To reduce operational costs and enhance public relations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does understanding geographic positioning benefit individuals?

    <p>By assisting in pinpointing precise locations on Earth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes oblique aerial photographs from vertical aerial photographs?

    <p>They provide a more three-dimensional perspective.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element of aerial photograph interpretation relies on the reflectivity of objects, weather conditions, and angle of sunlight?

    <p>Tone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of GIS when it comes to data transformation and integration?

    <p>Converting data into a uniform format and integrating different data types</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of orthophoto maps compared to standard aerial photographs?

    <p>Being scale-accurate and corrected for distortions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action does GIS perform in the 'Analyzing Data' category?

    <p>Analyzing spatial relationships and patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do shadows on aerial photographs contribute to interpretation?

    <p>By helping identify objects and their spatial qualities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of low-oblique aerial photographs?

    <p>To not include the horizon in the photo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of identifying landforms relies on the visual smoothness or roughness of surfaces?

    <p>Texture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does georeferencing ensure before geographic data can be used in GIS?

    <p>Association with specific locations on the earth's surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of photograph is divided into low-oblique and high-oblique categories?

    <p>Oblique Aerial Photographs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of fieldwork in research projects?

    <p>To directly observe natural phenomena or societal behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is formulating a hypothesis important in the research process?

    <p>To guide the collection and analysis of data based on initial insights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of fieldwork primarily involves processing and analyzing collected data?

    <p>Phase 4: Analyse and Interpret Information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is studying maps and additional information important before fieldwork?

    <p>To determine the exact location for data collection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of data can be collected during fieldwork?

    <p>Both quantitative (e.g., surveys) and qualitative (e.g., observations)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which activity is NOT part of the fieldwork process?

    <p>Identifying patterns in secondary research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it crucial to identify stakeholders or affected populations during problem identification?

    <p>To understand who might be influenced by the problem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is Phase 3 conducted primarily in the field where the phenomenon occurs?

    <p>To ensure data accuracy and relevance to the research context</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "What tools or equipment will be required?" question in Phase 3 of fieldwork primarily aims at:

    <p>Planning for the necessary resources for effective data collection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of Phase 5 in conducting fieldwork research projects?

    <p>Presenting research findings and making recommendations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does spatial resolution refer to in GIS?

    <p>The finer level of detail in an image dictated by pixel size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which GIS data type covers regions such as lakes or national parks?

    <p>Area Data (Polygons)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of raster data over vector data in GIS?

    <p>Effective for continuous data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In an atlas index, what does the page number reference for a specific feature indicate?

    <p>The page where the feature is most prominently shown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does spectral resolution indicate in remote sensing?

    <p>Ability to detect information across various spectral bands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of an atlas provides quantitative views on various issues?

    <p>Graphs, Charts, and Tables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of an atlas index?

    <p>Guide users to quickly find specific locations or features</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method used by nuclear energy to generate electricity?

    <p>Converting water into steam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does coal combustion impact the environment according to the text?

    <p>It contributes to acid rain and smog</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant concern associated with coal mining, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Acidification of soils and water bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which energy source showcases immense untapped potential despite minimal current utilization?

    <p>Solar energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of South Africa's 20-year energy plan mentioned in the text?

    <p>To diversify energy sources by including renewable energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does photovoltaics work in converting solar energy into electricity?

    <p>By generating an electrical charge from silicon exposed to sunlight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which environmental issue results from the interaction of water with sulfur-bearing rocks in coal mining?

    <p>Acid mine drainage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Medupi and Kisule in South Africa's energy landscape?

    <p>Constructing major coal-fired power stations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes solar power from traditional fossil fuel-based electricity generation?

    <p>Reduced reliance on non-renewable resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the turbine in the process of generating electricity from coal?

    <p>Rotating a coil within a generator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which environmental issue is NOT mentioned as a disadvantage of coal-based electricity generation in the text?

    <p>Acid rain formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main drawback of coal combustion highlighted in the text?

    <p>Generation of greenhouse gases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Among the listed advantages, which one contributes directly to the cost-effectiveness of coal-based electricity generation?

    <p>Abundant Reserves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial event in the process of generating electricity from coal as described in the text?

    <p>Pulverization of coal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component in a coal-fired power station plays a direct role in converting heat into electrical energy?

    <p>Generator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of geographic coordinates?

    <p>Pinpoint exact locations on Earth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the role of longitude?

    <p>Measures east-west position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the secondary footprint in measuring carbon emissions encompass?

    <p>Indirect emissions from product lifecycles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary environmental concern associated with acid mine drainage?

    <p>Soil and water acidification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which energy source in South Africa is expressly mentioned as having limited potential due to the country's dry climate?

    <p>Hydroelectric power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which contribution to addressing climate change is highlighted in the text as a role for individuals?

    <p>Reducing personal carbon footprints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of magnetic declination in determining direction?

    <p>It adjusts for differences between true north and magnetic north</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key energy output derived from a nuclear energy plant?

    <p>Steam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of direction, what does a true bearing measure?

    <p>Relative to true north direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region of South Africa faces the challenge of clustering coal-fired power stations, leading to exacerbated local pollution issues?

    <p>Mpumalanga</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary raw material utilized in the process of converting solar power into electricity?

    <p>Silicon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Think globally, act locally' primarily emphasizes what concept in environmental actions?

    <p>Local community engagement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Bearings' in geographical positions are mainly used for what purpose?

    <p>Describing direction accurately</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country is mentioned as a potential source of electricity imports for South Africa from hydroelectric plants?

    <p>Congo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of Eskom exploring renewable energy options according to the text?

    <p>To diversify energy sources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Sustainable living practices' mentioned in the text are focused on achieving what overarching goal?

    <p>Promoting environmental sustainability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Latitude' is primarily utilized in geography to measure what aspect of location?

    <p>North-South position between the poles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of solar power usage over coal power generation highlighted in the text?

    <p>'Green' and environmentally friendly production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is open-cast mining specifically mentioned as altering landscapes significantly in coal mining operations?

    <p>Piling of removed soil and rock altering surface topography</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect distinguishes solar power from coal-fired power stations in terms of their impact on global warming according to the text?

    <p>Reduced emissions contributing to global warming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern regarding biofuels in South Africa?

    <p>Their affordability for the impoverished</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which innovation emulates the photosynthesis process to transform sunlight into a chemical fuel?

    <p>Artificial Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In South Africa, what is expected to constitute a significant portion of all new electricity generation in the next two decades?

    <p>Renewable energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which source of non-conventional energy is highlighted for being capable of navigating tidal currents efficiently?

    <p>Underwater Kites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated energy potential from wind streams in the Earth's troposphere compared to humanity's annual energy consumption?

    <p>$850 TW$ greater</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Solar Buildings' refer to innovations in what type of technology?

    <p>Solar energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Greener Economies' prioritize human well-being, social equity, and minimizing what risks?

    <p>Environmental risks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Sustainability' involves reducing one's carbon footprint by adopting practices that minimize the use of what resources?

    <p>The Earth's natural resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Green economy' aims to reduce the environmental impact of economic growth through low carbon emissions and what type of resource use?

    <p>Efficient resource use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it crucial for South Africa's economy to expand its electricity supply?

    <p>To thrive in tandem with economic growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct method to calculate the magnetic bearing from the true bearing?

    <p>Add the magnetic declination to the true bearing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the crucial aspect of contour lines on topographic maps?

    <p>Connecting points of equal elevation above sea level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does vertical exaggeration aim to enhance in drawn cross-sections?

    <p>Visibility of terrain features</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is gradient typically calculated in geography?

    <p>By dividing vertical difference by horizontal distance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In topographic maps, what does a close spacing of contour lines indicate?

    <p>Steep slope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does intervisibility refer to in geography?

    <p>'Seeing' from one point to another without obstructions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a cross-section provide in geography?

    <p>A side view of terrain's elevation profile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is understanding gradient crucial for geographical and engineering applications?

    <p>To measure the steepness of slopes effectively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do contour lines aid in depicting elevation on topographic maps?

    <p>By connecting points of equal elevation above sea level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does a cross-section play in understanding terrain features?

    <p>Showing a side view of the terrain's elevation profile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between spatial resolution and spectral resolution?

    <p>Spatial resolution refers to pixel size, while spectral resolution refers to detecting different bands of the electromagnetic spectrum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which GIS data type represents features like roads or rivers that have length but negligible width?

    <p>Line Data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of raster data in GIS?

    <p>It consists of a grid of cells with each cell holding a value.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In GIS, which type of data structure is best suited for detailed and precise representations of geographic features?

    <p>Vector Data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of an atlas index?

    <p>To locate specific locations or features quickly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element can be found in an atlas index alongside the name of a geographical feature?

    <p>Page and Map References</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do graphs, charts, and tables in an atlas primarily provide?

    <p>Quantitative views on various issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What category does attribute data fall under in GIS?

    <p>Area Data (Polygons)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does raster data consist of in GIS?

    <p>A grid of cells with each cell holding a value</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of GIS data structure uses points, lines, and polygons to represent features in the geographic world?

    <p>Vector Data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of aerial photograph is ideal for mapping due to providing a consistent scale and a true top-down view?

    <p>Vertical Aerial Photographs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element is crucial for identifying objects on aerial photographs by helping determine their spatial qualities like height and depth?

    <p>Shadow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do orthophoto maps correct for, making them highly reliable for precise measurements and detailed planning?

    <p>Topographic relief</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In GIS, what function involves converting data into a uniform format and integrating it with other data types for comprehensive analysis?

    <p>Transforming and Integrating Data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of GIS when it comes to recalling and manipulating data?

    <p>Querying and manipulating data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of data collection methods could be utilized during Phase 3 of conducting fieldwork in a research project?

    <p>Interviews, surveys, and systematic measurements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it essential to clearly state a hypothesis in a research project?

    <p>To predict outcomes and guide the research direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what setting is Phase 1 of conducting fieldwork usually carried out?

    <p>Classroom or library settings for secondary research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic distinguishes Phase 4 of conducting fieldwork from other phases in a research project?

    <p>Processing and analyzing data using statistical methods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which activity is part of Phase 2 in conducting fieldwork for a research project?

    <p>Formulating a hypothesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of Phase 5 in conducting fieldwork as part of a research project?

    <p>Presenting research findings and making recommendations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of fieldwork primarily involves determining the type of data required and the methods for collecting it?

    <p>Phase 3: Collect, Describe, and Record Information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which phase of fieldwork would researchers typically conduct extensive reading to identify patterns and relationships indicating a problem?

    <p>Phase 1: Identify and Define a Problem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'What specific problem are we trying to understand or solve?' is a key question asked during which phase of fieldwork?

    <p>'Questions Asked' in Phase 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'How will the data be collected?' is an important question addressed during which phase of fieldwork?

    <p>'Questions Asked' in Phase 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

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