Development Geography Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the Brandt Line used for?

To divide the richer North from the poorer South

Countries with high income are considered __________.

developed

Match the following terms to their descriptions:

MEDC = More Economically Developed Country LEDC = Less Economically Developed Country NIC = Newly Industrialised Country Quality of life = Development of living conditions

Newly Industrialised Countries (NICs) are characterized by which of the following?

<p>A shift towards industrial and urban economies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Standard of living refers to the general well-being and social conditions of people.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What two aspects contribute to the concept of development?

<p>Standard of living and quality of life</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding MEDCs?

<p>They use resources more efficiently. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

LEDCs export manufactured goods.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are two characteristics commonly associated with LEDCs?

<p>High levels of poverty and low standard of living</p> Signup and view all the answers

MEDCs have a high standard of living due to ______ systems.

<p>good education, health &amp; transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the scale of development with its corresponding example:

<p>Micro-scale = Individual farmer receives irrigation water from a dam. Macro-scale = A country converts to wind-generated power. Community = Community starts a cooperative and a poultry farm. Region = Entire town recycles waste.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of countries primarily receives financial aid from MEDCs?

<p>LEDCs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

There will always be some rich people in LEDCs and some poor people in MEDCs.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one major challenge faced by LEDCs regarding education?

<p>Weak and sometimes inefficient education systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of large-scale urbanization and infrastructure development?

<p>Habitat destruction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

High levels of education can lead to a more motivated and innovative workforce.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two primary dependencies of labor forces as they shift?

<p>Agriculture and industry/service</p> Signup and view all the answers

Over-population can lead to strain on resources and __________ development in an area.

<p>decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

What economic strategy generally leads to higher profits?

<p>Exporting finished products (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms related to development with their descriptions:

<p>Core areas = High levels of economic activity and development Periphery areas = Less developed regions surrounding core areas Trade Imbalances = Differences in trade partnerships affecting goods variety Population growth = Can strain resources leading to development decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Core and Periphery Model was developed by J Friedman in 1986.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does SADC stand for?

<p>Southern African Development Community</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Gini-coefficient used to measure?

<p>Income distribution within a population (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

LEDCs generally have a higher birth rate compared to MEDCs.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the HDI stand for and what does it measure?

<p>Human Development Index; it measures levels of social and economic development based on life expectancy, education, and income.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The total value of goods and services produced by a country in one year is known as _____

<p>GDP</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following indicators with their descriptions:

<p>GDP = Total value of goods and services produced in a year Fertility rate = Average number of children born to each woman HDI = Composite measure of social and economic development Birth rate = Number of births per 1000 people per year</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a social indicator?

<p>GDP Per Capita (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Macro-scale development refers to small-scale community or local level development.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one key characteristic of social indicators?

<p>They demonstrate the quality of life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage involves a significant shift from agriculture to manufacturing?

<p>Preconditions for take-off (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The final stage of Rostow's model is characterized by low productivity and limited access to goods.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main economic focus during the 'Drive to Maturity' stage?

<p>Diversification of industries and technological innovation</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the stage known as ______, economies experience a rapid growth and shift completely from agriculture to manufacturing.

<p>Take-off</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each stage with its description:

<p>Traditional Society = Economies are largely agricultural with minimal technology Preconditions for Take-off = Shift from agriculture to manufacturing Take-off = Rapid industrial growth and shift to manufacturing Drive to Maturity = Diversification of industries and innovation High Mass Consumption = High productivity and consumer culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does sustainable development aim to achieve?

<p>Development that meets current needs while preserving the capability of future generations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Rostow's Modernisation Theory, a country progresses through five distinct stages of economic development.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern of sustainable development?

<p>Balancing economic growth with environmental preservation and social equity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In sustainable development, the emphasis is on incorporating __________ and social development without harming the environment.

<p>economic</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following concepts with their definitions:

<p>Micro-scale = Local areas with services and jobs decreasing with distance from the core Macro-scale = Broad, overarching strategies affecting entire regions or countries Sustainable Development = Development that meets present needs without compromising future needs Rostow's Modernisation Theory = A model outlining stages of economic development</p> Signup and view all the answers

What limitation of sustainable development is highlighted regarding geographical areas?

<p>Some countries have multiple influential areas and multifunctional places (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

All areas now have clearly defined boundaries between the core and periphery.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one technology that is central to sustainable development.

<p>Renewable energy technology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Development

A state of growth, improving the quality of life and standard of living through economic, social, and environmental progress.

Standard of Living

The economic aspect of development focusing on material well-being and wealth.

Quality of Life

The social aspect of development focusing on general well-being and living conditions.

Developed Countries (MEDCs)

Countries with high levels of economic development.

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Developing Countries (LEDCs)

Countries with low levels of economic development.

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Newly Industrialized Countries (NICs)

Countries with economic development between developing and developed nations; have transitioned from agriculture to industry.

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Brandt Line

A line separating richer Northern countries from poorer Southern countries.

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Economic Development

The growth of a country's wealth through economic activities and resources.

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GDP (Gross Domestic Product)

Total value of goods and services produced by a country in a year.

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GNP (Gross National Product)

GDP plus income from citizens and corporations abroad.

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GDP per capita

GDP divided by population.

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Gini coefficient

Measures income distribution in a population (0=equal, 1=unequal).

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Birth rate

Number of births per 1000 people per year.

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Fertility rate

Average number of children born to women of childbearing age.

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Development Indicators

Statistics comparing development levels of countries.

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HDI (Human Development Index)

Tool to measure social and economic development based on life expectancy, education, and income.

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MEDC

A developed country with high levels of industrialization, efficient resource use, a high standard of living, and good education and health systems.

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LEDC

A less developed country with lower levels of industrialization, low standards of living, and possibly weak and inefficient education, health, and transportation systems.

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Development (Scale & Spatial)

Development is measured by its size and extent. It can impact individuals, communities, countries, or continents, from micro-scale to macro-scale.

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Micro-Scale Development

Development impacting individuals or small groups.

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Macro-Scale Development

Development impacting large-scale regions like countries or continents.

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Resource Efficiency

Using resources effectively and minimizing waste in producing goods.

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Financial Aid

Money given by developed countries (MEDCs) to less developed countries (LEDCs).

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Development Status

A country's level of economic and social advancement.

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Rostow's Stages of Economic Growth

A model by economist Walt Rostow that suggests all countries progress through five stages to reach modern economic growth.

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Traditional Society

The first stage in Rostow's model with a largely agricultural economy, limited production capabilities, and minimal technology or innovation.

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Preconditions for Take-Off

The second stage in Rostow's model where the shift from agriculture to manufacturing begins, trade increases profit, and investments in infrastructure occur.

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Take-Off

The third stage in Rostow's model with rapid industrial growth, a complete shift from agriculture to manufacturing, and investment from overseas trade profits.

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Drive to Maturity

The fourth stage in Rostow's model with diverse industries, ongoing technology and innovation, rising standards of living, and continued infrastructure and institutional improvements.

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Urbanization's impact on land

Large-scale construction, like urbanization, uses substantial land and often disrupts ecosystems, causing habitat loss.

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Education's effect on development

Access to quality education and training improves a workforce, leading to higher levels of development.

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Development and motivation

High levels of education influence worker motivation and innovation, leading to scientific advancements.

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Core-Periphery Model

A model showing the uneven distribution of economic activity and development, with core areas having high activity and periphery areas being less developed.

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Trade Imbalance

Differences in trading goods between countries, which can impact development.

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Economic activity & development

Core areas contain high levels of economic activity, showing higher development than peripheral areas.

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Value-added products

Products made from raw materials, which will bring in more profit.

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Population growth and development

Overpopulation can strain resources and hinder development, reducing growth.

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Sustainable Development Model

A model emphasizing economic and social progress without harming the environment. It aims to balance economic growth, social well-being, and environmental protection.

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Rostow's Modernization Theory

A theory outlining five stages of economic development a country goes through to achieve economic growth and prosperity.

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Multiple Cores

A situation where a country has multiple centers of influence and economic activity, leading to less clear distinctions between core and periphery.

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Multifunctional Areas

Regions that engage in a variety of economic activities, blurring the boundaries between core and periphery.

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Limitations of Development Models

Challenges faced by development models, such as the presence of multiple cores and multifunctional areas, making them less effective.

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Scientific Knowledge & Technology

Essential components of sustainable development, helping resolve economic, social, and environmental problems.

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Study Notes

core & periphery model

  • maps out where economic development occurs across different areas
  • core areas represent areas with high levels of economic activity and economic development.
  • periphery areas are the less economically developed areas situated between or surrounding the core areas.
  • this model helps to explain economic development on both macro- and micro-scales demonstrating differences in economic growth and resource distribution.
  • know that the core HAVES or include: capital cities, major industries, services and investment
  • know that the periphery HAVE-NOTS or include: levels of development, standard of living, availability of jobs and services decrease as distance form the core increases.

sustainable development model

  • when countries develop economically or socially (or both) it must be sustainably.

  • sustainable development: refers to the ability to meet current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

  • sustainable development model: a model of development that aims to incorporate economic and social development without harming the environment.

  • scientific knowledge and appropriate technologies are central to solving the economic, social and environmental problems that make current development paths unsustainable.

  • if a country is only economically and socially developed, it is: equitable.

  • if a country is only economically and environmentally developed, it is: bearable

  • if a country is only socially and environmentally developed, it is: viable

    disadvantages (limitations)

  • multiple cores--> some countries have multiple areas of influence

  • places are becoming multifunctional--> areas now engage in different economic activities and there are often no clear boundaries between the core and the periphery.

Rostow's modernisation theory

  • an economic model that outlines the 5 stages a country goes through to achieve economic development.
  • suggests that all countries f=go through a series of predictable stages to reach modern economic growth.
  • however, it does not account for cultural, political and geographical differences among countries.
    1. TRADITIONAL SOCIETY: economies are largely agricultural and society is structured around limited production capabilities, often with minimal technology or innovation (subsistence economy)
    2. PRECONDITIONS FOR TAKE-OFF: there is a shift from agriculture to manufacturing. trade increases profit, with investments in infrastructure (transportation and communication) and the beginnings of industrialisation. often requires external assistance/investment.
    3. TAKE-OFF: rapid industrial growth begins and the country shifts completely form agriculture to manufacturing. requires investment from profits earned from overseas trade
    4. DRIVE TO MATURITY: a period of growth. the economy diversifies as more industries grow and technology innovation becomes central. standards of living rise, infrastructure and institutions continue to improve.
    5. HIGH MASS CONSUMPTION: a period of comfort. the economy reaches a point of high productivity and wealth, with a strong consumer culture and wide spread access to goods and services. can focus on military, education and luxuries.

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