Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a characteristic of a longitudinal study?
What is a characteristic of a longitudinal study?
- It studies the same group over an extended period. (correct)
- It examines different groups at the same time.
- It focuses only on prenatal risks.
- It involves only observational data.
Which factor is NOT considered a risk during prenatal development?
Which factor is NOT considered a risk during prenatal development?
- Maternal illness
- Exposure to teratogens
- Excessive nutrition (correct)
- Genetic mutations
What are gross motor skills primarily associated with?
What are gross motor skills primarily associated with?
- Coordination of small muscles.
- Involvement of large muscle groups. (correct)
- Cognitive skill enhancement.
- Development of facial features.
Which of the following best describes 'biological preparedness' in classical conditioning?
Which of the following best describes 'biological preparedness' in classical conditioning?
During which period does exposure to specific stimuli lead to normal development of vision and language?
During which period does exposure to specific stimuli lead to normal development of vision and language?
Flashcards
Longitudinal Study
Longitudinal Study
A research study that follows the same group of individuals over an extended period of time to observe their development.
Cross-Sectional Study
Cross-Sectional Study
A research study that compares different age groups at a single point in time.
Teratogens
Teratogens
Substances that can harm a developing fetus when passed through the placenta from the mother. Examples include alcohol, drugs, and viruses.
Maturation
Maturation
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Critical Period
Critical Period
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Study Notes
Development
- Longitudinal study: studying the same group over a period of time
- Cross-sectional study: studying different groups at the same point in time
- Factors affecting prenatal development:
- Malnourishment
- Maternal illness
- Genetic mutations
- Teratogens (agents that pass through the placenta and affect the developing baby, including alcohol, drugs, and viruses). These can cause brain damage and facial defects.
Prenatal Development
- Fetal alcohol syndrome: damage caused by alcohol exposure during pregnancy.
- Automatic reflexes (prenatal): rooting, stepping, Moro.
- Nearsightedness in newborns
- Habituation: a decrease in responsiveness to repeated stimuli
- Maturation: orderly developmental sequence based on genetics
Motor Development
- Gross motor skills: large muscle movements
- Fine motor skills: small muscle movements.
Classical Conditioning
- Taste aversion: a learned dislike of a food due to a negative experience.
- Biological preparedness: the predisposition to learn certain associations (e.g., associating a taste with illness).
- Counterconditioning: a therapy approach to unlearning fears, exposing the individual to the fear stimulus.
- Higher-order conditioning: a more complex association between stimuli.
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