Designing Products, Services, and Processes

Creating tangible items to solve problems, understanding users' needs, and iteratively refining prototypes.

Crafting seamless experiences between service providers and users, focusing on interactions and improving user journeys.

Optimizing workflows and operational systems, identifying bottlenecks, streamlining processes, and aligning with goals.

Prioritizing the needs and expectations of the end-user during the entire design process.

A cyclical approach to design where prototypes are continually tested and refined for improved functionality and usability.

Creating tangible representations of a product or service to test and refine design concepts, ensuring user-friendliness.

Gathering insights into user needs, behaviors, and preferences to inform design decisions and ensure a user-centric approach.

Points of interaction between a user and a service or product, key for understanding and improving the user experience.

Creating a product that is not only functional and easy to make, but also desirable and meets customer needs.

The process of creating a new product, involving idea generation, feasibility analysis, testing, and launch.

The initial stage of product design where new concepts are developed, emphasizing usefulness and company alignment.

Evaluating product ideas for their practicality and manufacturability, involving prototyping and R&D analysis.

Gathering feedback from employees and customers to assess the product's effectiveness and identify areas for improvement.

The use of tools, techniques, machinery, and systems to convert raw materials into finished goods.

The use of machinery and robots for automated processes to enhance speed, accuracy, and consistency.

The impact of material properties on manufacturing processes, influencing the choice of techniques based on material characteristics.

The use of computer-aided design (CAD), computer-aided manufacturing (CAM), and 3D printing to streamline and enhance production.

Minimizing waste and optimizing resources in the production process, aiming for efficiency and cost-effectiveness.

Producing goods in an environmentally responsible manner, considering the impact on resources and the environment.

Using pre-existing components in product design to simplify manufacturing and potentially reduce costs.

Ensuring that the hardness of materials used in a product meets the specified range during manufacturing processes.

Considering the ease of use and practicality of machinery during the design process.

Focusing on product aesthetics and user-friendliness based on customer needs and preferences.

A method of production that heavily relies on handcrafting by skilled individuals with minimal division of labor, often focusing on meeting a community's immediate needs.

The process of dividing a job or production process into smaller, specialized tasks assigned to different workers to increase efficiency.

A set of defined steps and methods used consistently to produce a product or service, ensuring uniformity and predictability.

The use of machines powered by steam or other sources to automate tasks and replace manual labor in production processes.

Identical parts that can be used to replace others of the same type, simplifying manufacturing, repairs, and assembly.

Producing large quantities of standardized products using specialized equipment and assembly lines, aiming for high efficiency and lower costs.

A systematic approach to optimizing labor productivity, focusing on time studies, standardized work methods, and performance-based incentives.

A production system where workers are stationed in sequence, each performing a specific task on a product as it moves along a conveyor belt, enabling mass production.

Using mathematical models and simulations to optimize resource allocation, planning, and decision-making in operations management.

A production system where materials are delivered only when needed, minimizing inventory holding costs and waste.

A philosophy that emphasizes quality as a crucial factor in competitiveness, ensuring customer satisfaction through continuous improvement in all aspects of operations.

A software system that integrates various business functions into a single platform, including production, finance, and supply chain management.

Replacing manual labor with machines or robots to perform tasks automatically, increasing efficiency and consistency.

Flexible and adaptable methods of managing projects, allowing for rapid adjustments to changing market demands and customer feedback.

Leveraging digital technologies such as AI, IoT, and blockchain to create more efficient, intelligent, and responsive production systems.

Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) connects different manufacturing stages, like design, production, and business operations, using computer systems for seamless communication and coordination.

CIM integrates various technologies: Computer-Aided Design (CAD) for creating models, Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM) for generating instructions, and process control for real-time monitoring and optimization.

CIM increases efficiency by automating tasks and minimizing errors, improves accuracy, enhances flexibility by adapting to changes, allows data-driven decisions, and integrates across functions for better coordination.

Implementing CIM involves significant investment in technology and infrastructure. Integrating different systems requires careful planning, as incompatibility can disrupt operations.

CIM is widely used in industries like automotive, aerospace, electronics, and consumer goods, where precision, efficiency, and scalability are crucial.

With advancements in AI, IoT, and cloud computing, CIM is becoming more intelligent and connected. Smart manufacturing systems leverage these technologies for predictive maintenance and real-time optimization.

The workflow in CIM typically starts with product conceptualization, using CAD for design, then moves to CAM for manufacturing instructions, and finally automated machines carry out the production, monitored constantly.

Enterprise Integration connects CIM with business systems like Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) and Supply Chain Management (SCM), enabling better inventory management, procurement, and scheduling.

Process Control uses supervisory control systems to constantly monitor and optimize production operations by adjusting factors like temperature, speed, or material flow, ensuring consistent quality.

A production setup designed for efficient and adaptable production of various products with minimal downtime. It integrates automated machinery, computerized controls, and interconnected systems to quickly respond to changes in production requirements.

Modularity, Automation, and Advanced Software/Data Management.

The ability to easily adapt production processes based on product type, demand, or customization.

Using automated guided vehicles, robotic arms, and advanced sensors to minimize human intervention and improve efficiency.

Using software to monitor, optimize, and make decisions about production processes in real-time.

Increased flexibility to adapt to changing demands, reduced operational costs, and improved competitiveness.

A sophisticated production approach where computers control and integrate all aspects of manufacturing from design to delivery.

To achieve greater efficiency, accuracy, and flexibility in manufacturing processes.

Advanced software, hardware, and communication technologies to create an automated and data-driven manufacturing environment.

Seamlessly connecting various functions in the production process, such as design, planning, production, and delivery.

Improved efficiency, accuracy, flexibility, and reduced production costs.

Requires substantial investment in technology, infrastructure, and training.

High initial cost, complex system requiring skilled personnel to operate and maintain it.

Transforms the way industries operate by enabling production of high-quality goods and promoting innovative solutions.

Continues to evolve with advancements in automation, material science, and digital technologies.