Designing Products and Services

Creating tangible items that meet a need or solve a problem, focusing on user needs and iterative refinement.

Creating seamless experiences between service providers and users, focusing on interactions and touchpoints.

Optimizing workflows and operational systems by finding bottlenecks and inefficiencies.

Prioritizing the needs, behaviors, and pain points of users when designing products or services.

A design approach where products or services are refined repeatedly based on feedback and testing.

Creating a sample version of a product or service to test its functionality and user experience.

Gathering information about user needs, behaviors, and preferences.

The various interactions between a service provider and a user throughout a process.

The field that focuses on designing, managing, and improving systems that produce goods and services.

Production method relying on manual labor and craftsmanship, often localized and small-scale.

Introduced mechanization and steam power, leading to centralized factories, division of labor, and mass production.

Systematic approach to managing production, focusing on optimizing labor productivity through time studies and standardized work methods.

A production process where tasks are divided into sequential steps, allowing for mass production with efficiency.

Expanding focus of POM to include service-related businesses, focusing on improving processes, quality, and decision-making.

Using mathematical models and simulations to optimize resource allocation, initially used in military operations.

Focuses on reducing waste, improving efficiency, and ensuring customer satisfaction in all operations.

A method that aims to produce goods only when needed to minimize waste and inventory costs.

Enabled more precise planning, scheduling, and control of operations through computerized systems.

Integrated systems integrating various business functions into a unified platform.

Emphasis on sustainability, agility, and digital transformation, leveraging technologies like AI, IoT, and blockchain.

Creating a product that meets user expectations and performs its intended function effectively.

Ensuring that a product design is manufacturable considering materials, fastening devices, and production constraints.

Considering the environmental impact of a product's design, production, use, and disposal.

Creating a product that is not only functional and easy to manufacture but also desirable and marketable to target customers.

The initial stage of product design where a company brainstorms new product concepts, focusing on usefulness and alignment with the company's identity.

Evaluating the viability of product ideas, analyzing if they can be practically developed and manufactured.

Evaluating a product's effectiveness and user experience through testing by employees and target customers.

The tools, techniques, machinery, and systems used to transform raw materials into finished products.

Using machines and systems to automate repetitive or complex manufacturing tasks, increasing efficiency and reducing errors.

Understanding and utilizing the properties of different materials to determine the appropriate manufacturing processes for them.

Using computer-aided design and manufacturing tools to streamline the design-to-production process, enabling complex designs and reduced waste.

Building objects layer by layer from a digital design, allowing for complex geometries and customized components.

An approach focused on eliminating waste and maximizing efficiency throughout the production process.

Designing and implementing production processes that minimize environmental impact and promote resource conservation.

The product design process encompasses several stages, starting with idea generation, evaluating its feasibility, testing the product, and then launching it for customers.

Product testing is essential for identifying weaknesses in a product, gathering user feedback, and iteratively improving the product for greater customer satisfaction.

Manufacturing process technology plays a critical role by providing the tools and techniques to transform raw materials into finished products, ensuring efficiency, precision, and quality.

CIM removes the traditional barriers between manufacturing stages by enabling real-time communication and coordination across all functions. It integrates design, production, and business systems for seamless workflow.

CIM increases efficiency by automating repetitive tasks, minimizing manual interventions, and reducing production time and costs.

CAD software allows designers to create detailed product models, analyze, test, and refine them virtually before actual production begins, ensuring accuracy and reducing errors.

CAM systems use design data to control and guide manufacturing machinery, ensuring precision and reducing manual intervention. This includes CNC machines, robots, and 3D printers.

Supervisory control systems monitor and optimize production operations by adjusting parameters like temperature, speed, or material flow in real-time to maintain quality.

CIM connects production with various business systems like ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) and SCM (Supply Chain Management) for smooth inventory management, purchasing, and scheduling.

CIM enables flexibility and quick adaptation to design or production requirement changes, making it ideal for industries that need frequent updates or customization.

Real-time data collection and analysis in CIM enable informed decision-making, predictive maintenance, and process optimization.

Implementing CIM requires substantial investment in technology and infrastructure. Careful planning is needed for seamless integration, and skilled personnel are needed for operation and maintenance.

CIM is widely used in industries with high precision, efficiency, and scalability needs, such as automotive, aerospace, electronics, and consumer goods.

A production system that can adapt quickly to changes in product design, volume, or customization, using automation, modularity, and advanced controls.

The ability of an FMS to be composed of interchangeable parts or modules, allowing for easy reconfiguration to handle different products.

Using robots, automated guided vehicles (AGVs), and other technologies to perform tasks with precision and minimize human intervention.

Increased flexibility, reduced production costs, improved quality, and faster response to changing demands.

A production system where computers control and integrate all aspects of manufacturing, from design to delivery.

Seamless integration of functions, efficiency, accuracy, and flexibility through advanced technologies and data-driven systems.

Connecting different parts of manufacturing, like design, planning, production, and delivery, under one computer system.

Improved productivity, reduced errors, better quality control, and faster response to market changes.

Using software to manage data, control production processes, and optimize operations in a CIM system.

Analyzing data from sensors and other sources to make better decisions and improve production efficiency in CIM.

High initial investment costs, complex implementation, and the need for skilled personnel.

Improved competitiveness, higher efficiency, and better overall performance.

FMS focuses on flexibility within production, while CIM encompasses the entire manufacturing process, from design to delivery.