Design Guidelines for Interaction Design
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Design Guidelines for Interaction Design

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Questions and Answers

What percentage of guidelines did designers find difficulties with according to de Souza and Bevan?

91%

Which of the following statements best describes UX design guidelines?

  • They are often vague and require interpretation. (correct)
  • They are universally agreed upon by all designers.
  • They are only relevant for web design.
  • They provide strict rules that should not be interpreted.

    • Consistency in UX design guidelines only refers to layout.

    False

    What is the typical capacity of human short-term memory according to George Miller?

    <p>Seven plus or minus two items</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential benefit of chunking in memory?

    <p>It allows grouping of information for easier retention.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one suggested way to reduce cognitive load in task design?

    <p>Organize tasks into smaller operations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Muscle memory pertains primarily to __________ actions.

    <p>repetitive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the cognitive load theory primarily aim to improve?

    <p>Teaching and learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In interaction design, recognition is preferred over recall because:

    <p>Recognition is less demanding on memory than recall.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the scope of interaction design guidelines according to the content?

    <p>They apply universally to many forms of design.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a handheld device?

    <p>A handheld device is one that can be used while being held in one hand.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is minimizing textual input important for handheld devices?

    <p>Text entry is difficult on small devices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Handheld devices typically have larger screens than conventional computers.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    User interfaces on handheld devices must optimize interactions for immediate _______.

    <p>use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should user interfaces on handheld devices allow?

    <p>Immediate exit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which principle is essential for user satisfaction in virtual environments?

    <p>Providing consistent and easy controls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Engagement is not an important principle in the design of virtual environments.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following design principles with their focus:

    <p>Optimize interactions = Immediate use Minimize textual input = Reduce typing errors Concise output = Efficient use of screen space Conform to platform conventions = Consistency across applications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one principle of usability for virtual environments?

    <p>Prevent visual overload.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main parts of the Interaction Cycle?

    <p>Planning, translation, physical actions, outcomes, assessment of outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a part of the Interaction Cycle? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Execution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of planning in the Interaction Cycle?

    <p>To support users as they plan how to use the system to accomplish work.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The planning guidelines are only about how to use a single feature of the system.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a clear system task model help users with?

    <p>It helps users acquire an overall understanding of the system and its tasks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Users can often forget crucial actions needed to complete a task, a scenario called a transaction completion slip.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a cognitive affordance?

    <p>A cue that helps users understand what actions to take on which objects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does effective cognitive affordances help users to do? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Help users recover from errors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one example of a cognitive affordance in Microsoft PowerPoint?

    <p>The prompt 'Click to add first slide'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a task decomposition strategy mentioned? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Provide systematic organization of system features</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Users need to be reminded of the steps they might forget when using a system.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one way to constrain the formatting of a date value?

    <p>Use dropdown lists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A date picker allows users to enter a date by selecting from a calendar.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should exit options in a dialogue box include?

    <p>Destination information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a recommendation for making choices distinguishable?

    <p>Use distinguishable expressions of meaning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The terms 'revise' and ______ are used interchangeably in a given application.

    <p>edit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can help prevent catastrophic errors in design?

    <p>Improving the distinguishability of labels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following design principles with their descriptions:

    <p>Cognitive affordance = A design element's ability to suggest its usage Consistency = Uniformity in terminology and action for similar tasks Predictability = Users can forecast the outcomes of their actions Distinguishability = Ability to differentiate between similar options</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Consistency in language is not important for user interface design.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the shopper looking for?

    <p>Deodorant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one method to control content complexity in user interfaces?

    <p>Decomposing complex instructions into simpler parts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What obstacle did the aesthetic end panels create?

    <p>They blocked visibility of signs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cognitive affordances only need to be visible to be effective.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a poorly designed login interface?

    <p>A small and inconspicuous login box</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cognitive affordance legibility is primarily about making text _____ and _____

    <p>legible, readable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be controlled to enhance user awareness of cognitive affordances?

    <p>User interface complexity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of just-in-time visibility in cognitive affordance?

    <p>Paper towel dispenser message</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do users often overlook formatting options in applications?

    <p>They appear at the wrong time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Consistent placement of cognitive affordances helps users rely on muscle memory.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should button labels be designed for effectiveness?

    <p>Consistent and clear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cognitive affordance design emphasizes the importance of precise _____ for effective interaction.

    <p>wording</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the guideline caution against?

    <p>Grouping objects and design elements that are not associated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What issue occurred with the Options dialogue box in the example?

    <p>The entire dialogue box disappeared.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Search button was correctly placed next to the OR radio-button choice.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What confusion arose at the airline departure board?

    <p>Both Eindhoven and Catalania flights were displayed together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What problem was caused by the layout of the overhead controls on the airplane?

    <p>Frequent unintended operation of the flight attendant call switch.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The GPS system entered the user's current GPS location as default values after replacing the battery, leading to an incident of _fire.

    <p>friendly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one example of a poor default choice mentioned?

    <p>Using today's date as default in forms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Providing likely choices and useful defaults can help make tasks more efficient for users.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Scope and Universality

    • Design guidelines for graphical user interfaces (GUIs) extend beyond specific platforms and devices to encompass a broad range of everyday interactions.
    • UX design guidelines inform interactions in various contexts, derived from studies, principles, and professional experiences.

    User Interfaces for Handheld Devices

    • Handheld devices include smartphones, PDAs, and specialized devices, differentiated by their use while held in one hand.
    • User experience techniques like contextual inquiries, prototyping, and user testing are applicable to handheld devices just as with traditional interfaces.
    • Key differences of handheld devices include limited screen size, user multitasking, and the need for optimized interactions for immediate use.
    • Interfaces should minimize textual input and provide concise output that suits smaller displays, requiring a redesign of desktop applications for handheld compatibility.
    • Adhering to platform conventions is crucial as interfaces must align with the expected look and feel of other applications on the device.
    • Applications should anticipate poor connectivity and allow users to perform tasks even when offline.

    Usability Principles for Virtual Environments

    • Usability principles from traditional computing apply to virtual environments (VEs), but may need adaptation to suit distinct user experiences.
    • Users benefit from a sense of control during interactions, which may be altered temporarily in collaborative settings like online games.
    • Engagement is essential in VEs, increasing enjoyment and learning, while the risk of visual overload needs to be managed by streamlining visual elements.
    • Effective VE design assists users in analyzing information efficiently, utilizing feedback mechanisms such as eye-tracking to enhance usability.

    Historical Context of Interaction Design Guidelines

    • Acknowledgment of early design guidelines, such as those developed for text-based interfaces and military applications, showcases the evolution of UX practices.
    • Guidelines have transitioned alongside technology shifts, with early standards evolving into platform-specific styles for graphical user interfaces.
    • Principles rooted in psychology and human factors inform many existing design guidelines while empirical studies support a subset of them.
    • The evolution of guidelines has also paved the way for industry standards, reflecting a consensus on best practices in UX design.

    Using and Interpreting Design Guidelines

    • General design guidelines appear obvious and universally accepted, but their application can lead to confusion among designers.
    • Difficulties arise in selecting relevant guidelines or adapting them to specific user interface contexts.
    • Misinterpretations are common, emphasizing the need for clarity regarding what is meant by terms like consistency within design guidelines.
    • Recognizing the context of guidelines is crucial, as rigid applications of rules without interpretation may lead to ineffective designs. ### UX Design Guidelines Overview
    • Broad guidelines, like "keep it simple," lack specific application, creating confusion for practitioners.
    • Guidelines organized using the Interaction Cycle and User Action Framework (UAF) to link them directly to user actions and scenarios.
    • Utilization of guidelines requires critical thinking; they should not be followed blindly, as effective practice relies on skilled practitioners.

    Human Memory Limitations in UX Design

    • Understanding of human memory is critical for creating effective UX strategies.
    • Sensory Memory: Lasts a fraction of a second to 2 seconds, consists of raw sensory data without meaning.
    • Short-Term (Working) Memory: Retains information for about 30 seconds, can be extended by repetition; typically holds about seven items (Miller's law).

    Chunking and Memory Efficiency

    • Chunking allows information to be grouped into recognizable units, improving recall.
    • Example: Phone numbers, structured in chunks, align with human memory capacity making them easier to remember.
    • Stacking occurs when task contexts must be held temporarily; interruptions can lead to loss of track and cognitive overload.

    Cognitive Load Management

    • Cognitive load refers to the demands on working memory during task performance; excessive load can hinder user experience.
    • Dividing large tasks into smaller operations reduces cognitive load and leads to more efficient task completion.

    Long-Term Memory Insights

    • Long-term memory has near-unlimited capacity and indefinite duration, though retrieval can be challenging.
    • Information is better retained when it connects with existing knowledge structures through effective organization.

    Interaction Styles: Command vs. GUI Selection

    • Recognition over recall is vital; users should be able to select from lists rather than retrieve from memory alone.
    • As users become more experienced, they may rely more on recall through command inputs, which can enhance performance.

    The Role of Shortcuts and Muscle Memory

    • Shortcuts (e.g., hotkeys) are crucial for expert users to navigate interfaces efficiently, bridging command usage and GUI interaction.
    • Muscle memory facilitates learned, repetitive actions, allowing users to perform tasks fluidly without cognitive load.

    Key Aspects of the Interaction Cycle

    • The Interaction Cycle involves planning, translating, executing actions, achieving outcomes, and assessing results.
    • User planning is essential for understanding system tasks; clear models should guide users on how to operate systems efficiently.

    Guidelines for Effective User Planning

    • Clear system task models should enhance users' high-level understanding of functionalities.
    • User interfaces should logically decompose tasks into manageable steps, clearly displaying possibilities for actions.
    • Awareness of system states should be maintained to assist users in planning their next activities.

    Examples of Application

    • Tab organization in websites to match user tasks can significantly improve usability.
    • Providing explicit guidance on features, like Microsoft Word’s Master Document, aids users in leveraging complex functionalities effectively.### Task Context Awareness
    • Keeping task context visible helps users retain awareness of their original goals.
    • Reminder display, like "You are searching by author for: Stephen King," can aid focus during deep navigational tasks.

    Efficient Task Path Planning

    • Users benefit from guidance in planning efficient ways to complete tasks.
    • An example includes Borland's 3-D Home Architect™, which informs users about print settings, reducing waste of time and materials.

    Progress Indicators

    • Progress indicators are essential for users to track completed and remaining task steps.
    • TurboTax employs a "wizard-like" interface to guide users through the tax form completion, showing progress and summarizing actions.

    Avoiding Completion Slips

    • Cognitive affordances at task completion points are crucial to prevent transaction errors.
    • Examples include ticket kiosks reminding users to take their tickets and email systems alerting users about forgotten attachments.

    Existence of Cognitive Affordance

    • Interaction design must provide cognitive affordances that guide user actions, such as labels and visual cues.
    • Effective cognitive affordances assist users in understanding system states, indicating choices and supporting error recovery.

    Presentation of Cognitive Affordance

    • Cognitive affordances need to be visible and noticeable to be effective.
    • Design factors include layout, legibility, contrast, and sensory attributes to ensure users can easily access and interpret cognitive affordances.

    Legibility and Noticeability

    • Text and icons must be legible and presented in a way that attracts user attention.
    • Message lines and pop-ups placed near the cursor are more likely to be noticed compared to those at the screen's top or bottom.

    Cognitive Affordance Complexity

    • The layout must be organized to minimize screen clutter and make cognitive affordances easily discoverable.
    • Presentation timing should consider when users need specific cognitive affordances to assist timely decision-making.

    Just-in-Time Presentation

    • Cognitive affordances should be presented at the exact moment they are needed for effective user support.
    • Examples include paper towel dispensers that display instructions as situations change.

    Special Cases in Cognitive Affordance

    • Users may need additional guidance in specific cases, like formatting options while pasting in word processors.
    • Tools that provide a choice, such as "Paste Special," enhance user control during interactions.

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    Description

    Explore the scope and universality of interaction design beyond traditional graphical user interfaces. This quiz encourages you to think broadly about design principles applicable across various platforms and devices, including web and mobile. Test your understanding of design guidelines that enhance user experience.

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