Dermatology and Pediatrics

Podcast Beta

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is an important aspect to consider when evaluating skin mobility?

The skin's natural elasticity (correct)

The patient's emotional state

The patient's genetic background

The presence of any underlying diseases

What is a common condition associated with pallor in the skin?

Diabetes or PVD

Exposure to toxic plants

Measles or chickenpox

Anemia or shock (correct)

What is the purpose of using a small centimeter ruler during the skin physical exam?

To examine skin texture

To evaluate skin temperature

To assess skin moisture

To measure the size of lesions (correct)

What is an important factor to consider when evaluating skin turgor?

The skin's natural elasticity Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of inspecting the skin during the physical exam?

To identify any lesions or abnormalities Signup and view all the answers

What is a common method used to evaluate skin edema?

Palpation Signup and view all the answers

What is an important aspect to consider when evaluating wound healing?

The wound's color and texture Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using strong direct lighting during the skin physical exam?

To identify any lesions or abnormalities Signup and view all the answers

Where is jaundice first noted in an individual?

Junction of hard and soft palate or in sclera Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of vitiligo?

Complete absence of melanin pigment in patchy areas of skin Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible accompaniment to jaundice?

Clay-colored stool and dark golden urine Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of acanthosis nigricans?

Areas of dark, velvety discoloration in body folds and creases Signup and view all the answers

What is the best way to assess jaundice?

In natural daylight Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible consequence of jaundice?

Decreased pigmentation in patchy areas of skin Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following sites are preferred for assessing pallor in anemia?

Palpebral conjunctiva and nail beds Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for intense redness of the skin due to excess blood in dilated superficial capillaries?

Erythema Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a bluish mottled color that signifies decreased perfusion of tissues with oxygenated blood?

Cyanosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for cyanosis that involves the skin, mucous membranes, lips, tongue, and nail beds?

Central cyanosis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions can cause erythema?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Where is it best to visualize cyanosis?

Lips, nose, and cheeks Signup and view all the answers

What is the difficulty in visualizing peripheral cyanosis in melanated skin?

It is more difficult to visualize due to the increased pigmentation Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for increased skin temperature due to increased blood flow through local blood vessels?

Hyperemia Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of skin lesions that may be caused by exposure to toxic plants?

Excoriation Signup and view all the answers

A patient presents with a history of diabetes or PVD and has a skin lesion. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Ulcer Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a linear break in the skin, often caused by dry skin or skin tension?

Fissure Signup and view all the answers

A patient presents with a skin lesion that is characterized by a loss of skin tissue. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Atrophic skin Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a skin lesion that is caused by scratching or rubbing the skin?

Excoriation Signup and view all the answers

A patient presents with a skin lesion that is characterized by a thickened area of skin. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Scar Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a chronic wound that is often caused by poor circulation or nerve damage?

Ulcer Signup and view all the answers

A patient presents with a skin lesion that is characterized by a crack or break in the skin. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Fissure Signup and view all the answers

What is the physical manifestation of jaundice in the body?

Yellowish skin tone Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by areas of dark, velvety discoloration in body folds and creases?

Acanthosis nigricans Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of vitiligo?

Complete absence of melanin pigment in patchy areas Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of assessing jaundice in natural daylight?

To detect jaundice more accurately Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a possible accompaniment to jaundice?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Where is jaundice typically first noted in an individual?

In the junction of hard and soft palate or in the sclera Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for assessing pallor in the palpebral conjunctiva and nail beds?

To assess for anemia Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions can cause a bluish mottled color that signifies decreased perfusion of tissues with oxygenated blood?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

In which of the following conditions is erythema expected to occur?

Fever Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the intense redness of the skin due to excess blood in dilated superficial capillaries?

Erythema Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following sites is best to visualize cyanosis?

Lips, nose, cheeks, and ears Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for cyanosis that involves the skin, mucous membranes, lips, tongue, and nail beds?

Central cyanosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the difficulty in visualizing peripheral cyanosis in melanated skin?

It is difficult to visualize due to increased skin pigmentation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions can cause central cyanosis?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the widespread color change characterized by yellow color, indicating a rising amount of bilirubin in the blood?

Jaundice Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following skin conditions is characterized by complete absence of melanin pigment in patchy areas of the skin?

Vitiligo Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the dark, velvety discoloration in body folds and creases?

Acanthosis nigricans Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the bluish mottled color that signifies decreased perfusion of tissues with oxygenated blood?

Cyanosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of assessing jaundice in natural daylight?

To make the yellow color more visible Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a possible accompaniment to jaundice?

Both A and B Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between central cyanosis and peripheral cyanosis?

Central cyanosis is associated with arterial desaturation, while peripheral cyanosis is not Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for assessing pallor in the palpebral conjunctiva and nail beds?

To diagnose anemia Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a widespread color change characterized by intense redness of the skin due to excess blood in dilated superficial capillaries?

Erythema Signup and view all the answers

Where is it best to visualize cyanosis?

In the lips, nose, cheeks, ears, and oral mucous membranes Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a bluish mottled color that signifies decreased perfusion of tissues with oxygenated blood?

Cyanosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for cyanosis that involves the skin, mucous membranes, lips, tongue, and nail beds?

Central cyanosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the difficulty in visualizing peripheral cyanosis in melanated skin?

It is more difficult to visualize Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions can cause central cyanosis?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

A widespread color change can be indicative of which underlying condition?

Diabetes Signup and view all the answers

What is an important consideration when evaluating skin color in pediatric patients?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Cyanosis is typically characterized by which of the following skin color changes?

Bluish discoloration Signup and view all the answers

Lichenification is a type of which skin lesion?

Secondary skin lesion Signup and view all the answers

Herpes Simplex is an example of which type of skin lesion?

Vesicle Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for using a penlight during a skin physical exam?

To inspect skin color in areas with reduced natural light Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following skin color changes is typically observed in individuals with anemia?

Pallor Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the loss of skin tissue due to scratching or rubbing?

Excoriation Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Skin Physical Exam

Preparation: External variables, strong direct lighting, small centimeter ruler, penlight, and gloves are required.

Inspect and Palpate Skin

Observe skin tone, color, moisture, temperature, texture, and thickness.
Assess mobility and turgor.

Color - General Pigmentation

Normally even and consistent with genetic background.
Varies from pink to ruddy dark tan or light to dark brown with yellow or olive overtones.
People of color (POC) have areas of lighter pigment on palms, nailbeds, and lips.
General pigment may be darker in sun-exposed areas.
Can be affected by environmental, emotional, and physical external variables.

Color - Widespread Color Change

Pallor: Present with anemia, shock, or arterial insufficiency.
Common in high-stress states, which cause vasoconstriction (e.g., anxiety or fear).
Observed in mucous membranes, lips, and nail beds.
Palpebral conjunctiva and nail beds are preferred sites for assessing pallor from anemia.
Erythema: Intense redness of skin due to excess blood in dilated superficial capillaries.
Expected with fever, localized infection, or emotional responses.
If due to fever or inflammation, there is also increased skin temperature.
Occurs with carbon monoxide poisoning, venous stasis, polycythemia, and bruises.
Cyanosis: Bluish, mottled color that signifies decreased perfusion of tissues with oxygenated blood.
Best seen in very vascular areas with thin overlying epidermis: lips, nose, cheeks, ears, and oral mucous membranes.
Peripheral cyanosis is more difficult to visualize in melanated skin; look for other signs and symptoms.
Occurs with shock, heart failure, chronic bronchitis, congenital heart disease, cardiac arrest, and severe COVID-19 infection.
Central Cyanosis: Associated with arterial desaturation and involves the skin, mucous membranes, lips, tongue, and nail beds.
Jaundice: Exhibited by yellow color, indicating a rising amount of bilirubin in the blood.
Best assessed in natural daylight.
First noted in the junction of hard and soft palate or in the sclera.
As the level of bilirubin rises, jaundice is evident in the skin over the rest of the body.
May be accompanied by clay-colored stool and dark golden urine.

Miscellaneous

Vitiligo: An acquired condition with complete absence of melanin pigment in patchy areas of white or light skin on the face, neck, hands, feet, body folds, and around orifices.
Acanthosis Nigricans: Characterized by areas of dark, velvety discoloration in body folds and creases.
Skin can become thickened.

Skin Physical Exam

Preparation: External variables, strong direct lighting, small centimeter ruler, penlight, and gloves are required.

Inspect and Palpate Skin

Observe skin tone, color, moisture, temperature, texture, and thickness.
Assess mobility and turgor.

Color - General Pigmentation

Normally even and consistent with genetic background.
Varies from pink to ruddy dark tan or light to dark brown with yellow or olive overtones.
People of color (POC) have areas of lighter pigment on palms, nailbeds, and lips.
General pigment may be darker in sun-exposed areas.
Can be affected by environmental, emotional, and physical external variables.

Color - Widespread Color Change

Pallor: Present with anemia, shock, or arterial insufficiency.
Common in high-stress states, which cause vasoconstriction (e.g., anxiety or fear).
Observed in mucous membranes, lips, and nail beds.
Palpebral conjunctiva and nail beds are preferred sites for assessing pallor from anemia.
Erythema: Intense redness of skin due to excess blood in dilated superficial capillaries.
Expected with fever, localized infection, or emotional responses.
If due to fever or inflammation, there is also increased skin temperature.
Occurs with carbon monoxide poisoning, venous stasis, polycythemia, and bruises.
Cyanosis: Bluish, mottled color that signifies decreased perfusion of tissues with oxygenated blood.
Best seen in very vascular areas with thin overlying epidermis: lips, nose, cheeks, ears, and oral mucous membranes.
Peripheral cyanosis is more difficult to visualize in melanated skin; look for other signs and symptoms.
Occurs with shock, heart failure, chronic bronchitis, congenital heart disease, cardiac arrest, and severe COVID-19 infection.
Central Cyanosis: Associated with arterial desaturation and involves the skin, mucous membranes, lips, tongue, and nail beds.
Jaundice: Exhibited by yellow color, indicating a rising amount of bilirubin in the blood.
Best assessed in natural daylight.
First noted in the junction of hard and soft palate or in the sclera.
As the level of bilirubin rises, jaundice is evident in the skin over the rest of the body.
May be accompanied by clay-colored stool and dark golden urine.

Miscellaneous

Vitiligo: An acquired condition with complete absence of melanin pigment in patchy areas of white or light skin on the face, neck, hands, feet, body folds, and around orifices.
Acanthosis Nigricans: Characterized by areas of dark, velvety discoloration in body folds and creases.
Skin can become thickened.

Skin Physical Exam

Equipment needed: strong direct lighting, small centimeter ruler, penlight, gloves
External variables that influence skin color: environmental, emotional, physical

Color - General Pigmentation

Normally even and consistent with genetic background
Varies from pink tan to ruddy dark tan, and light to dark brown with yellow or olive overtones
Areas of lighter pigment on palms, nailbeds, and lips are normal for people of color (POC)
General pigment may be darker in sun-exposed areas
Can be affected by external variables: environmental, emotional, physical

Color - Widespread Color Change

Pallor: present with anemia, shock, or arterial insufficiency, common in high-stress states
Pallor can be observed in mucous membranes, lips, and nail beds, particularly in the palpebral conjunctiva and nail beds for assessing anemia
Erythema: intense redness of skin due to excess blood in dilated superficial capillaries
Expected with fever, localized infection, or emotional responses
If due to fever or inflammation, there is also increased skin temperature (increased blood flow through local blood vessels)
Occurs with carbon monoxide poisoning, venous stasis, polycythemia (increased RBC), and bruises
Cyanosis: bluish, mottled color that signifies decreased perfusion of tissues with oxygenated blood
Best seen in very vascular areas with thin overlying epidermis: lips, nose, cheeks, ears, and oral mucous membranes (best under fluorescent light)
Peripheral cyanosis is more difficult to visualize in melanated skin, look for other signs and symptoms
Occurs with shock, heart failure, chronic bronchitis, congenital heart disease, cardiac arrest, and severe COVID-19 infection
Central cyanosis: associated with arterial desaturation and involves the skin, mucous membranes, lips, tongue, and nail beds
Jaundice: exhibited by yellow color, indicating rising amount of bilirubin in blood
Best assessed in natural daylight
First noted in junction of hard and soft palate or in sclera
As the level of bilirubin rises, jaundice is evident in the skin over the rest of the body
May be accompanied by clay-colored stool and dark golden urine

Other Skin Conditions

Vitiligo: an acquired condition with complete absence of melanin pigment in patchy areas of white or light skin
Acanthosis nigricans: characterized by areas of dark, velvety discoloration in body folds and creases, skin can become thickened

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

This quiz is about skin diseases and conditions in children, including measles, chickenpox, and scarlet fever, as well as poison ivy exposure and habits affecting skin health.