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Questions and Answers
What does dermatitis mean?
inflammation of the skin
Which of the following are examples of dermatitis? (Select all that apply)
What are common symptoms of dermatitis?
dry skin, redness, and itchiness
Chronic hives last for more than 6 weeks.
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What might eczema be associated with?
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Psoriasis is purely a skin condition with no genetic connections.
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Atopic dermatitis is often associated with a __________ predisposition.
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What primarily causes allergic contact dermatitis?
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What are typical symptoms of urticaria?
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Psoriasis typically develops between the ages of __________.
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Which factors can trigger psoriasis flare-ups? (Select all that apply)
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Match the following skin conditions with their symptoms:
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Study Notes
Skin and Soft Tissue Disease
Dermatitis
- A general term for conditions that cause skin inflammation
- Examples: atopic dermatitis (eczema), contact dermatitis, and seborrheic dermatitis (dandruff)
- Caused by genetics, an overactive immune system, infections, allergies, irritants, and more
- Common symptoms: dry skin, redness, and itchiness
- Causes:
- Allergic Contact Dermatitis: caused by contact with allergens like metals, plants, cosmetics, or medications
- Irritant Contact Dermatitis: caused by exposure to irritants like soaps, detergents, solvents, or chemicals
- Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema): associated with genetic predisposition and triggered by environmental factors
Urticaria (Hives)
- A skin reaction that causes itchy welts
- Chronic hives: welts that last for more than 6 weeks and return often over months/years
- Caused by:
- Allergic Reaction: triggered by exposure to allergens like certain foods, medications, insect stings, or environmental factors
- Non-Allergic Reaction: caused by physical stimuli like pressure, cold, heat, or sun exposure
- Autoimmune Disorders: rarely associated with autoimmune conditions like lupus or thyroid disorders
- Symptoms: itchy patches that turn into swollen welts that vary in size
Eczema
- Also known as atopic dermatitis
- An inflammatory skin condition that might have an immune component
- Often occurs together with primary immunodeficiency diseases and has been associated with allergies and asthma
- Typically develops in childhood and may resolve with age
- Affects 20% of children, but only 1% - 3% of adults
- Causes:
- Atopic Dermatitis: associated with genetic factors and a hypersensitive immune response to environmental triggers
- Contact Dermatitis: similar to allergic and irritant contact dermatitis, eczema can result from exposure to allergens or irritants
- Nummular Dermatitis: characterized by coin-shaped patches of eczema, often triggered by dry skin, environmental factors, or stress
Psoriasis
- An autoimmune condition with a genetic component
- Causes skin cells to grow at an abnormal speed, resulting in scaly, red skin lesions that may burn or itch
- Typically develops between the ages of 15 – 25 years old
- Affects more than 125 million people worldwide
- Causes:
- Genetic Predisposition: family history of psoriasis increases the risk of developing the condition
- Immune Dysfunction: T-cells and cytokines play a crucial role in the pathogenesis, leading to hyperproliferation of keratinocytes and inflammation
- Triggers: factors like trauma to the skin, infections, stress, medications, or environmental factors can trigger psoriasis flare-ups
Clinical and Morphological Features
Dermatitis
- Pruritus: itching is a hallmark symptom of dermatitis
- Erythema: redness and inflammation of the skin
- Blisters: fluid-filled lesions in acute cases
- Scaling: dry, flaky skin in chronic cases
Urticaria
- Hives: raised, itchy welts that come and go
- Pruritus: intense itching, often associated with hives
- Angioedema: swelling of deeper skin layers, particularly around the eyes, lips, and throat
Eczema
- Pruritus: severe itching, often gets worse at night
- Erythema: redness and inflammation of the skin
- Skin lesions vary depending on the stage and type of eczema
- Thickening and hyperpigmentation of the skin due to chronic scratching
Psoriasis
- Plaque / Patches of thick, red skin with silvery-white scales that itch/burn
- Pruritus: itching may be present but is usually less severe compared to eczema
- Dry, cracked skin that itches or bleeds
- Nail Changes: thick, ridged, pitted nails
- Joint Symptoms: psoriatic arthritis may occur in some cases, presenting with joint pain, swelling, and stiffness
- Poor sleep quality
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Description
A quiz about dermatitis, a condition that causes skin inflammation, including its causes, symptoms and types such as atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, and seborrheic dermatitis.
