Depressive Disorders Quiz

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Which theory describes depression as the result of a low rate of response-contingent reinforcement for social behaviors?

Seligman’s learned helplessness model

Lewinsohn’s social reinforcement theory (correct)

Beck’s cognitive theory

Koenigs & Grafman's theory

Which theory links depression to repeated exposure to uncontrollable negative life events?

Beck’s cognitive theory

Seligman’s learned helplessness model (correct)

Lewinsohn’s social reinforcement theory

Koenigs & Grafman's theory

Which theory attributes depression to a negative cognitive triad?

Beck’s cognitive theory (correct)

Koenigs & Grafman's theory

Seligman’s learned helplessness model

Lewinsohn’s social reinforcement theory

Which of the following is a symptom required for the diagnosis of major depressive disorder?

Loss of interest or pleasure in most or all activities Signup and view all the answers

How long must the characteristic symptoms persist for a diagnosis of persistent depressive disorder?

One year Signup and view all the answers

Which psychotherapies are evidence-based for the prevention and treatment of peripartum depression?

Cognitive-behavioral therapy and interpersonal therapy Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitters have been found to be related to depression?

Serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine Signup and view all the answers

What is the specifier with seasonal pattern also known as?

Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) Signup and view all the answers

What is the concordance rate for unipolar depression in monozygotic twins?

0.50 Signup and view all the answers

What role does the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis play in depression?

It regulates the body's reaction to stress Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a symptom required for the diagnosis of major depressive disorder?

Feelings of hopelessness Signup and view all the answers

What is the specifier with peripartum onset also known as?

Postpartum depression Signup and view all the answers

How long must the characteristic symptoms persist for a diagnosis of persistent depressive disorder in adults?

2 years Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors must be considered before prescribing antidepressants for peripartum depression?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary stress hormone associated with an increased risk for depression?

Cortisol Signup and view all the answers

Which areas of the brain have been linked to structural and functional abnormalities in depression?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the concordance rate for unipolar depression in dizygotic twins?

.20 Signup and view all the answers

According to Lewinsohn’s social reinforcement theory, depression is the result of a low rate of response-contingent reinforcement for social behaviors due to a lack of reinforcement in the environment and/or poor social skills. This results in social isolation, low self-esteem, pessimism, and other characteristics of depression that, in turn, further decrease the likelihood of positive reinforcement in the future.

Social isolation Signup and view all the answers

Seligman's learned helplessness model links depression to repeated exposure to uncontrollable negative life events. What does the reformulated version of the model emphasize?

The role of a negative cognitive style Signup and view all the answers

Beck's cognitive theory attributes depression to a negative cognitive triad. What are the three components of this negative cognitive triad?

Negative thoughts about oneself, the world, and the future Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a depressive disorder according to the DSM-5-TR?

Bipolar disorder Signup and view all the answers

How long must the characteristic symptoms persist for a diagnosis of major depressive disorder?

At least 2 weeks Signup and view all the answers

What is the specifier with peripartum onset also known as?

Postpartum depression Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors has been linked to an increased risk for depression in individuals exposed to chronic stress?

Persistent hyperactivity of the HPA axis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following areas of the brain has been associated with abnormally high levels of activity in depression?

Ventromedial prefrontal cortex Signup and view all the answers

What is the concordance rate for unipolar depression in dizygotic twins?

.40 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential negative effect of prescribing antidepressants for peripartum depression?

Increased risk for the developing fetus Signup and view all the answers

Which theory describes depression as the result of a low rate of response-contingent reinforcement for social behaviors due to a lack of reinforcement in the environment and/or poor social skills?

Lewinsohn’s social reinforcement theory Signup and view all the answers

What does Seligman’s reformulated version of the learned helplessness model emphasize?

A negative cognitive style Signup and view all the answers

According to Beck’s cognitive theory, what does depression attribute to?

A negative cognitive triad Signup and view all the answers

Depressive Disorders Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which theory describes depression as the result of a low rate of response-contingent reinforcement for social behaviors?

Which theory links depression to repeated exposure to uncontrollable negative life events?

Which theory attributes depression to a negative cognitive triad?

Which of the following is a symptom required for the diagnosis of major depressive disorder?

How long must the characteristic symptoms persist for a diagnosis of persistent depressive disorder?

Which psychotherapies are evidence-based for the prevention and treatment of peripartum depression?

Which neurotransmitters have been found to be related to depression?

What is the specifier with seasonal pattern also known as?

What is the concordance rate for unipolar depression in monozygotic twins?

What role does the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis play in depression?

Which of the following is a symptom required for the diagnosis of major depressive disorder?

What is the specifier with peripartum onset also known as?

How long must the characteristic symptoms persist for a diagnosis of persistent depressive disorder in adults?

Which of the following factors must be considered before prescribing antidepressants for peripartum depression?

What is the primary stress hormone associated with an increased risk for depression?

Which areas of the brain have been linked to structural and functional abnormalities in depression?

What is the concordance rate for unipolar depression in dizygotic twins?

Seligman's learned helplessness model links depression to repeated exposure to uncontrollable negative life events. What does the reformulated version of the model emphasize?

Beck's cognitive theory attributes depression to a negative cognitive triad. What are the three components of this negative cognitive triad?

Which of the following is NOT a depressive disorder according to the DSM-5-TR?

How long must the characteristic symptoms persist for a diagnosis of major depressive disorder?

What is the specifier with peripartum onset also known as?

Which of the following factors has been linked to an increased risk for depression in individuals exposed to chronic stress?

Which of the following areas of the brain has been associated with abnormally high levels of activity in depression?

What is the concordance rate for unipolar depression in dizygotic twins?

Which of the following is a potential negative effect of prescribing antidepressants for peripartum depression?

Which theory describes depression as the result of a low rate of response-contingent reinforcement for social behaviors due to a lack of reinforcement in the environment and/or poor social skills?

What does Seligman’s reformulated version of the learned helplessness model emphasize?

According to Beck’s cognitive theory, what does depression attribute to?

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