Depression Symptoms Assessment Quiz

Dementia mainly affects memory and is typically caused by anatomic changes in the brain, with a slower onset and generally irreversible, while delirium mainly affects attention and is typically caused by acute illness or drug toxicity, with a more rapid onset and often reversible.

Any change in mental status in an older adult requires a comprehensive geriatric assessment with a strong focus on cognitive function, as changes in cognitive function in older adults are often seen as normal and therefore not investigated.

The passage mentions that dementias can be classified as Alzheimer or non-Alzheimer type, cortical or subcortical, irreversible or potentially reversible, and common or rare.

<p>In contrast to delirium, major and mild neurocognitive disorders (dementias) typically have a gradual onset and a slow, steady pattern of decline without alterations in consciousness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The passage states that delirium is typically caused by acute illness or drug toxicity, which can sometimes be life-threatening.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Five common care concerns are communication, behavior concerns, ADL care, wandering, and nutrition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Caregivers should collaborate in problem solving, resource access, long-range planning, emotional support, and respite.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Advance care planning ensures that the individual's preferences for care are known and respected.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Caregivers should provide support in problem solving, resource access, long-range planning, emotional support, and respite.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Characteristics of the social and physical environment can cause distress or exacerbate behavior and psychological symptoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Older men</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Serotonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exercise, eat well, manage stress, smile and do nice things for yourself.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fear, doubt, unsure, self-isolation, disassociation from the world, defeated, not human, guilt, unfocused, hallucinations, disoriented, visual impairment, powerless, loneliness, bothered by a persistent spy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Family, friends and professional support staff.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flat</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Recent, may relate to life change; can be chronic</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In depression, symptoms are fairly stable and may be worse in the morning. In dementia, symptoms are fairly stable but may change with stress, worsen at night (sundowning), or change suddenly with vascular events.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In depression, speech may be slow, while in dementia there may be difficulty finding words or perseveration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In depression, orientation is usually normal though the individual may answer 'I don't know' or not try to answer. In dementia, orientation is often impaired and the individual may make up answers, answer close to correctly, or confabulate but still try to answer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Behavior carries a message of need that can be addressed if factors are carefully evaluated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Background factors and proximal factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By manipulating proximal factors and maximizing strengths while minimizing limitations of background factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>If the person is not getting adequate sleep at night.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Modifying factors interfering with sleep, such as noise and frequent awakenings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The NDB model is the Need-Driven Dementia-Compromised Behavior Model, and its purpose is to study and understand behavioral symptoms in individuals with dementia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Caregivers should interpret behaviors as a form of communication, especially as verbal communication becomes limited.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maximize functional abilities, establish a caring relationship, identify triggers, modify the environment, provide control, keep the environment stable, provide ongoing education and support.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Caregivers should use these behaviors to determine appropriate limits of activity and stimuli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To adjust the plan of care accordingly based on the individual's responses and needs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By providing as much control as possible, offering choices, explaining actions, and not pushing or forcing the person to do something.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Identifying triggers helps in understanding factors in the environment and caregiver communication that may contribute to behavioral symptoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Modifying the environment can support losses, promote safe function, and enhance the individual's overall well-being.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To equip caregivers with the necessary knowledge and skills to provide effective care and address challenges that may arise.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The NDB model emphasizes that all behaviors have meaning and are a form of communication, especially in individuals with limited verbal communication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Irreversible cognitive impairments, such as dementias like Alzheimer's Disease, Lewy Body Dementia, and Dementia caused by AIDS/HIV, are progressive and degenerative disorders that gradually reduce a person's ability to function in everyday life. A person with an irreversible dementia cannot regain their previous level of functioning, even though some symptoms may be managed through treatment. On the other hand, reversible cognitive disorders, such as pseudodementia and delirium, can have their progression halted by identifying the cause of the symptoms and properly treating the underlying disorder. With appropriate treatment, a person's previous level of functioning can be restored in cases of reversible cognitive disorders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The causes of delirium are potentially reversible; therefore, early accurate assessment and early identification are critical. By identifying the underlying cause of the symptoms early and providing appropriate treatment, the progression of delirium can be halted, and the person's previous level of functioning can be restored.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dementia, which primarily affects older people, accounts for more than half of nursing home admissions. This highlights the significant impact that irreversible cognitive impairments like dementia can have on the living arrangements and care needs of older individuals, often necessitating admission to long-term care facilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mental health professionals classify cognitive disorders into two broad categories: those that are irreversible (i.e., not curable) and those that are reversible (i.e., curable). This classification is based on the potential for restoration of previous functioning and the ability to halt the progression of the cognitive impairment through appropriate treatment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Delirium is given many labels: acute confusional state, acute brain syndrome, confusion, reversible dementia, metabolic encephalopathy, and toxic psychosis. These different terms highlight the varying presentations and underlying causes of delirium, which is a reversible cognitive disorder.</p> Signup and view all the answers