Assessment and Screening for Major Depressive Episode
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Questions and Answers

According to the DSM-5, which of the following is NOT a symptom required for the diagnosis of major depressive disorder?

  • Significant weight changes
  • Recurrent thoughts of death
  • Feelings of worthlessness
  • Excessive worry (correct)

How long must the symptoms of depressed mood or anhedonia be present for a diagnosis of major depressive disorder?

  • At least 1 week
  • At least 4 weeks
  • At least 2 weeks (correct)
  • At least 3 weeks

Which of the following statements about the DSM-5 criteria for major depressive disorder is correct?

  • At least six symptoms must be present, regardless of depressed mood or anhedonia.
  • At least three symptoms must be present, including depressed mood and anhedonia.
  • At least four symptoms must be present, in addition to depressed mood or anhedonia. (correct)
  • At least five symptoms must be present, including depressed mood or anhedonia.

Which of the following statements about the DSM-5 criteria for major depressive disorder is NOT true?

<p>Bereavement is still considered an exclusion criterion. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential symptom of major depressive disorder according to the DSM-5?

<p>Both insomnia and hypersomnia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for ruling out potential medical disorders before diagnosing major depressive disorder?

<p>To ensure the symptoms are not caused by a medical condition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a commonly used screening tool to assess the severity of a patient's depressive symptoms?

<p>Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the medical conditions that should be ruled out in the assessment for depressive disorders?

<p>Hypothyroidism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of using screening tools for depressive disorders in primary care?

<p>To measure outcomes of care (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which self-report screening instrument assists in differentiating bipolar symptoms?

<p>Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tool can assess both depression and anxiety symptoms?

<p>Hamilton Rating Scale (HAM-D; HAM-A) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to rule out medical conditions like hypothyroidism in the assessment of depressive disorders?

<p>Hypothyroidism can mimic symptoms of depression. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which screening tool is a self-report instrument consisting of 17 questions to assist in differentiating bipolar disorder symptoms?

<p>Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the most common screening tools used in primary care for assessing depression?

<p>Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ) from other screening tools?

<p>It helps differentiate bipolar disorder symptoms. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are screening tools alone not diagnostic of depression?

<p>They lack the context provided by a thorough medical evaluation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the passage, which medication is mentioned as potentially alleviating some PTSD symptoms?

<p>Clonidine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary recommendation for primary care providers regarding PTSD patients?

<p>Refer to a mental health specialist (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the passage, what is the most effective way to decrease symptoms of depression?

<p>Increasing daily activity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of therapy, in addition to pharmacological treatment, has been found to be efficacious for anxiety disorders?

<p>Cognitive behavioral therapy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as a potential treatment for PTSD?

<p>Sertraline (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the passage, which of the following has been shown to reduce symptoms in multiple anxiety disorders?

<p>Exercise (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitters are specifically mentioned as potentially contributing to the core symptoms of depression?

<p>Serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which brain regions are linked to the depressive symptom of depressed mood?

<p>Amygdala and prefrontal cortex (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of genetic testing in relation to the treatment of psychiatric disorders?

<p>Distinguishing CYP450 polymorphisms affecting drug metabolism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which brain circuit is specifically mentioned as potentially contributing to the symptom of worry in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)?

<p>Corticostriato-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) loops (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter is specifically mentioned as being involved with sedatives like benzodiazepines and alcohol?

<p>GABA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which brain region is mentioned as potentially contributing to the neurobiology of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?

<p>Both hippocampus and amygdala (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the conclusion regarding the efficacy of genetic testing in relation to the treatment of depression with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)?

<p>There is insufficient evidence to determine the efficacy of genetic testing with SSRIs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which brain region is specifically mentioned as potentially contributing to the neurobiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?

<p>Prefrontal cortex (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter is specifically mentioned as potentially contributing to the neurobiology of panic and phobias?

<p>GABA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which brain region is specifically mentioned as potentially contributing to the symptom of fatigue in depression?

<p>Prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of a panic attack?

<p>Confusion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum number of symptoms required to meet the criteria for Panic Disorder (PD)?

<p>4 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common differential diagnosis for Panic Disorder?

<p>Hyperthyroidism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the HAM-A rating scale in the assessment of Panic Disorder?

<p>To monitor symptom improvement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key characteristic of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)?

<p>Excessive worry that is difficult to control (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (YBOCS) in the assessment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)?

<p>Both b and c (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key change in the criteria for PTSD in the DSM-5?

<p>The inclusion of children younger than age 6 and adolescents (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common screening tool for PTSD?

<p>PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between the symptoms of depression and anxiety disorders?

<p>Early morning awakening or fragmented sleep (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common compulsive behavior associated with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)?

<p>Checking behavior (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using screening tools for traumatic events?

<p>To determine if the disorder is present (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many sources of information are recommended when screening for trauma?

<p>2 sources (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the TESI tool?

<p>To assess the experience of traumatic events (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key risk factor for suicide?

<p>Prior suicide attempts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key protective factor against suicide?

<p>Feeling responsible for children or pets (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the SAFE-T suicide assessment?

<p>To identify risk factors and protective factors for suicide (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the classic monoamine theory of depression?

<p>Depression is caused by a deficiency of various neurotransmitters and/or abnormalities in monoamine receptors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a key step in the SAFE-T suicide assessment?

<p>Determine the Patient's Diagnosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of understanding the neurobiology of depression and anxiety disorders?

<p>To choose the most appropriate pharmacological treatment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended approach for using screening tools for depression, anxiety, and suicide?

<p>Use the screening tools as a guide to appropriate treatment decisions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the key finding from the STAR*D study regarding the treatment of major depressive disorder?

<p>Remission could be achieved in 25-35% of patients after 14 weeks of treatment with citalopram. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the passage, which of the following is a key recommendation from the STAR*D study and other guidelines for the treatment of major depressive disorder?

<p>Titrate antidepressant doses to the maximum tolerated level, rather than the minimum effective dose. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the information provided, which of the following antidepressants has been shown to be effective in the treatment of panic disorder?

<p>Venlafaxine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first-line treatment recommendation for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) according to the passage?

<p>SSRIs such as sertraline and paroxetine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key finding from the STAR*D study regarding the treatment of major depressive disorder?

<p>There was no statistically significant difference in remission rates between augmentation and switching strategies. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of the evidence-based algorithms and guidelines discussed in the passage for the treatment of major depressive disorder?

<p>Treating to remission and using other medication options if the initial antidepressant is not effective. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the passage, what is the key difference in long-term prognosis between patients who achieve remission and those who achieve a partial response to antidepressant treatment for major depressive disorder?

<p>Patients who achieve remission have a better long-term prognosis. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following antidepressant classes was found to be effective in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) according to the passage?

<p>Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key takeaway from the evidence-based algorithm presented in Figure 30-2 regarding the general approach to the treatment of anxiety disorders?

<p>Antidepressants are the recommended first-line pharmacological treatment for anxiety disorders. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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