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Questions and Answers
The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is a 25-item scale to measure depressive symptomatology over the past month.
The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is a 25-item scale to measure depressive symptomatology over the past month.
False
The PHQ-9 is designed to screen for both major and minor depression.
The PHQ-9 is designed to screen for both major and minor depression.
True
The CES-D measures symptoms such as anxiety and positive affect over the preceding month.
The CES-D measures symptoms such as anxiety and positive affect over the preceding month.
False
The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was developed by Richard T. Beck in 1961.
The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was developed by Richard T. Beck in 1961.
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The Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale consists of 15 items that patients rate on a four-point Likert scale.
The Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale consists of 15 items that patients rate on a four-point Likert scale.
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A Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) score of 14-23 is associated with severe depression.
A Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) score of 14-23 is associated with severe depression.
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Higher total raw scores on the Zung SDS reflect decreased levels of depression.
Higher total raw scores on the Zung SDS reflect decreased levels of depression.
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The Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale is a commonly used 15-item scale to measure depressive symptoms.
The Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale is a commonly used 15-item scale to measure depressive symptoms.
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The American College of Physicians recommends standardized screening instruments for depression like the CES-D during routine care.
The American College of Physicians recommends standardized screening instruments for depression like the CES-D during routine care.
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Clinicians use standardized questionnaires like the Beck Depression Inventory to assess only the severity of depressive symptoms.
Clinicians use standardized questionnaires like the Beck Depression Inventory to assess only the severity of depressive symptoms.
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Study Notes
Depression and Persons With Depression Questionnaires
Depression is a common mental health disorder characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and lack of interest or pleasure in activities. It can significantly impact daily life and relationships. In diagnosing depression, clinicians often use self-reported measures known as questionnaires. These tools help assess symptoms, severity, and identify patient groups that may benefit from targeted interventions like psychological treatments. Some standardized questionnaires used to measure depressive symptoms include the Beck Depression Inventory, Patient Health Questionnaire, Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, and Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale.
Beck Depression Inventory
The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is a commonly used 21-item scale intended to measure the presence and severity of depressive symptomatology over the past two weeks using various statements. This inventory was developed by Aaron T. Beck in 1961. BDI scores range between 0 and 63. A cutoff score of 0-8 is associated with minimal depression, 9-13 with mild depression, 14-23 with moderate depression, 24-30 with moderately severe depression, and above 30 indicates severe depression.
Patient Health Questionnaire
The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) is a simple nine-question survey based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria concerning major depression. The PHQ-9 is designed to screen for both minor and major depression, and it helps track treatment response. Scores range from 0 to 27, where higher scores indicate more significant depression. The American College of Physicians recommends standardized screening instruments for depression like the PHQ-9 during routine care.
Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale
The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) is a 20-item self-rating instrument designed primarily for use in nonclinical populations to assess the level of depressive symptoms present. CES-D measures symptoms such as depressed mood, somatic complaints, anxiety, and positive affect over the preceding week. Total raw scores range from 0 to 60.
Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale
The Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) is another widely used tool for measuring depression. Developed by Clarence Zung in 1965, the SDS consists of 20 items that patients rate on a four-point Likert scale. Higher total raw scores reflect increased levels of depression. An average score of 35 to 39 suggests mild depression, 40 to 49 suggests moderate depression, and 50 or above suggests severe depression.
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Description
Learn about common questionnaires used to assess depressive symptoms like the Beck Depression Inventory, Patient Health Questionnaire, Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, and Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale. Understand how these tools help clinicians diagnose depression and identify suitable interventions for individuals experiencing depressive symptoms.
