Dentistry: Local Anesthesia

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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of anesthesia?

Loss of pain sensation only
Altered sensation, such as tingling
Loss or abolition of all modalities of sensation (correct)
Mental relaxation induced by nitrous oxide

What is parasthesia?

Depolarization of the nerve membrane
Altered sensation, such as tingling (correct)
Loss of all sensation
Loss of pain sensation

What is the term for the process by which a stimulus excites a nerve?

Analgesia
Depolarization (correct)
Anesthesia
Parasthesia

What is relative analgesia?

A sedation technique inducing mental relaxation (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between anesthesia and analgesia?

Analgesia is loss of pain sensation, while anesthesia is loss of all sensation (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the rapid influx of Na ions into the nerve?

Depolarization (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of depolarization of the nerve membrane?

An increase in permeability of the membrane to Na ions (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the loss of pain sensation?

Analgesia (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of local anesthesia in dentistry?

Loss of pain sensation only (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for loss of pain sensation without loss of other sensations and without loss of consciousness?

Analgesia (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following methods is NOT used to induce local anesthesia?

Electrical stimulation (B) Signup and view all the answers

What determines the effect of a local anesthetic on nerve fibers?

Duration of exposure and concentration (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the complete and reversible loss of sensation, including pain, pressure, and touch?

Anesthesia (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a substance used to induce local anesthesia?

Insulin (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between anesthesia and analgesia?

Anesthesia affects all sensations, while analgesia only affects pain (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using local anesthesia in dentistry?

Allows patients to remain conscious during the procedure (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the purposes of local anesthesia in oral and maxillofacial surgery under general anesthesia?

To reduce the depth of general anesthesia (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a benefit of local anesthesia during oral and maxillofacial surgery?

It reduces arrhythmia during surgery (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is an indication of local anesthesia in dentistry?

For almost all dental procedures (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of local anesthesia in rendering teeth and supporting tissue insensitive to painful procedures?

To provide local homeostasis (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a postoperative use of local anesthesia?

To reduce patient discomfort (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of local anesthesia in dentistry?

To render teeth and supporting tissue insensitive to painful procedures (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a benefit of using local anesthesia after surgery?

It reduces the need for stronger systemic analgesic (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of local anesthesia on the operative site?

It provides local homeostasis (C) Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Introduction to Local Anesthesia

Local anesthesia is used to induce a transient and completely reversible state of anesthesia.
In dentistry, only loss of pain sensation is desirable.

Uses of Local Anesthesia

Provides local homeostasis to the operative site and provides immediate postoperative analgesia.
Reduces the depth of general anesthesia needed.
Reduces arrhythmia during surgery.
Provides postoperative analgesia, reducing the need for stronger systemic analgesics.

Indications of Local Anesthesia

Indicated in almost all dental procedures.
Used to render teeth and supporting tissues insensitive to painful procedures.

Types of Analgesia

Analgesia: loss of pain sensation without loss of other sensations and without loss of consciousness.
Relative analgesia: a sedation technique inducing mental relaxation using nitrous oxide, oxygen, and air.

Effects of Local Anesthetics

Effect of local anesthetics on nerve fibers dependent on:
- Duration of exposure to local anesthesia.
- Concentration of the solution.
- Volume of the solution.

Other Key Concepts

Anesthesia: loss or abolition of all modalities of sensation, including pain and touch.
Parasthesia: altered sensation (tingling sensation) that may occur when a damaged nerve is regenerating or when a local anesthetic is used.
Depolarization: when a stimulus excites a nerve, causing an increase in permeability of the membrane to Na ions, leading to depolarization of the nerve membrane.