Dental Anesthesia Techniques and Devices

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Questions and Answers

What is a primary advantage of needle-free devices?

Reduced volume of drug absorption

Significantly lower cost

More effective for nerve blocks

Painless injection (correct)

What is a disadvantage of the safety dental syringe?

Higher risk of needle stick injury

Compatibility issues with different needles

Requires specialized training

Cost and bulkier design (correct)

What is the primary ingredient in EMLA cream that helps provide anesthesia?

Lidocaine and prilocaine (correct)

Lidocaine and tetracaine

Tetracaine and prilocaine

Lidocaine and cocaine

Which statement is true about computer-controlled local anesthesia administration?

They are designed to maintain a constant injection speed (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a feature of needle-free injection devices?

Suitable for patients with needle phobia (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of using lidocaine patches for pain relief?

They provide localized pain relief. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key risk associated with conventional needle use during local anesthesia administration?

Accidental needle stick injury (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'A' in TAC 20 represent?

Adrenaline (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant characteristic of Oraqix?

It is a topical anesthetic gel. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why is cocaine not a recommended ingredient in TAC 20?

It has been replaced with a safer alternative. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is NOT commonly associated with EMLA cream?

Increased systemic side effects (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the onset time for numbing with Oraqix after application?

30 seconds (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of Cetacaine?

To act as a topical anesthetic spray (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration of the numbing sensation provided by Cetacaine?

Up to 1 hour (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following devices is designed to block pain from injections through vibrations?

Vibraject (A) Signup and view all the answers

How does the brain perceive sensations according to the ‘Gate control’ theory?

It can only recognize one sensation from a given area at a time. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What advantage does the DentalVibe device offer during injections?

It delivers microoscillations to block pain sensation. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What principle does the Buzzy device operate on?

Gate control theory (A) Signup and view all the answers

What type of patients should not be treated with Cetacaine liquid spray?

Children younger than 2 years old (B) Signup and view all the answers

What technique does Accupal use to condition the oral mucosa?

Vibration coupled with pressure (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of cryoanesthesia during dental procedures?

Prevents nerves from transmitting pain signals (D) Signup and view all the answers

What feature does Vibraject utilize to help with injection pain?

Vibrations felt near the injection site (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does TENS therapy utilize to relieve pain?

Electric current (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which method is NOT an alternative technique mentioned for pain reduction in dental procedures?

Chemical anesthetics via injection (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of cryoanesthesia?

No need for needles (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of the Buzzy device?

It consists of a vibration component and ice wings (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which patient group should be cautious when using TENS?

Epileptic patients (D) Signup and view all the answers

What primary effect does the vibration of the Buzzy device have?

Blocks pain receptors (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the contraindications for using TENS?

Mental disability (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does precooling soft tissue prior to dental operations affect patients?

Reduces pain perception (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of TENS makes it particularly appealing for certain patients?

There is no need for injectable anesthetics (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of using TENS for pain management?

It requires significant cooperation from the patient. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does low-level laser therapy (LLLT) primarily alter in order to provide analgesia?

It disrupts the sodium-potassium pump in neuronal cells. (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does the study on Photobiomodulation (PBM) compare to other anesthetic methods?

PBM showed lower mean scores of anxiety and pain than other methods. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the basic principle behind jet injection?

It uses mechanical energy to create a liquid stream. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes the effectiveness of laser analgesia?

Laser analgesia offers temporary pain relief and needs additional anesthetics. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does PBM stand for in the context of pain management?

Photobiomodulation (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is one characteristic of TENS that limits its use?

It can be difficult to administer in acute pain scenarios. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What patient demographic was included in the study comparing PBM, topical anesthesia, and precooling?

Pediatric patients aged 6-13 years (D) Signup and view all the answers

In laser analgesia, the temporary disruption of what cellular mechanism aids in analgesia?

Sodium-potassium pump activity (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why is high cost mentioned as a disadvantage of TENS?

The initial investment in TENS units is significant. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Advances in Local Anesthesia

Advances in local anesthesia are under the supervision of Prof. Hany Saber.

Outline

Recent topical anesthesia
Vibrotactile devices
Cryoanesthesia
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation & laser analgesia
Jet injection & safety dental syringe
Computerized local anesthesia
Nanotechnology in local anesthesia & reverse.

Our Team

Toqa Hisham Fathy (Recent in topical anesthesia)
Doha Ahmed Khalil (Vibrotactile devices)
Mayven Refaat (Cryoanesthesia)
Sarah Bahr Hussein (Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation & laser analgesia)
Mariam Mahmoud Salah (Jet injection & safety dental syringe)
Naira Essam Farouk (Computerized local anesthesia)
Maha Ahmed Mansour (Nanotechnology in local anesthesia & reverse)

EMLA Cream

EMLA cream contains a unique blend of lidocaine and prilocaine.
The blend works together to provide deep, long-lasting numbness.
EMLA is extensively studied and considered a gold standard in topical anesthesia.

Lidocaine Patches

Lidocaine patches deliver localized pain relief directly to the affected area.
The patches are easy to apply and can be left on for several hours, ideal for managing chronic pain.
Topical application minimizes the risk of systemic side effects.

TAC 20 Alternate

TAC 20 contains tetracaine, a powerful local anesthetic.
Adrenaline constricts blood vessels to prolong the numbing effect.
Cocaine is replaced by a safer alternative.
TAC 20 is not regulated by the FDA.

Oraqix

Oraqix is a non-injectable topical anesthetic gel that numbs gums without a needle.
It's formulated for dental procedures, such as scaling and root planing.
The gel numbs the area within 30 seconds of application.

Cetacaine

Cetacaine is a topical anesthetic spray that's easily applied.
The anesthetic ingredients quickly numb the skin or mucous membranes.
The numbing effect lasts up to an hour.
Do not use on infants or children under 2 years old.

Vibrotactile Devices

Vibratory stimulation is used to reduce pain.
The "Gate Control" theory suggests the neural gate can be closed during pressure and vibration, reducing pain and itch perception.
Vibrating the area around the injection site distracts the brain from the discomfort.

Vibraject

Vibraject is a small, battery-operated device that attaches to a standard dental syringe.
It delivers high-frequency vibrations to the needle, making the injection less painful.

Dentalvibe

Dentalvibe is a rechargeable, cordless handheld device that delivers injections with microoscillations.
It uses a microprocessor-controlled vibrating tip to stimulate sensory receptors, closing the pain gate.

Accupal

Accupal is a cordless device that uses vibration and pressure to condition the oral mucosa.
Vibrates the injection site at 360º to shut the pain gate.
Moderate pressure is applied during the injection.

Buzzy Device

The Buzzy device is bee-shaped, with two components (body vibration and detachable ice wings).
It uses the gate control theory to block pain receptors.
The vibration produced by the device results in pain reduction.

Cryoanesthesia

Cryoanesthesia involves cooling a constricted area with ice or refrigerant sprays, preventing nerves from transmitting pain signals.
Precooling the treatment area before dental work decreases pain perception.

Advantages

Advantages of the discussed techniques include pain reduction, minimized tissue damage, faster injection, and faster drug absorption.
These methods are useful for patients who have needle phobia.

Disadvantages

Disadvantages may include the cost and technique sensitivity, as well as the patient's cooperation requirements. Certain conditions (e.g., pacemakers, mental disability) may also be contraindications to some methods.

Laser Analgesia

Laser analgesia is a non-invasive, non-thermogenic biomodulation of the dental pulp.
Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is used.
LLLT does not provide profound anesthesia; it's used as an adjunct with other anesthetic methods.
LLLT temporarily disrupts sodium-potassium pumps in neuronal cells, preventing impulse conduction to the brain.
Recently, RCTs have shown LLLT to be effective in reducing injection pain compared to topical anesthesia.

Jet Injection

Jet injection uses a high-pressure mechanical source to push liquid medication through a small orifice.
The force of the liquid penetrates the submucosa tissues for quick medication delivery.

Safety Dental Syringe

These syringes prevent accidental needle stick injuries by locking over the needle to prevent accidental needle stick injuries after anesthetic administration.

Computer-Controlled Local Anesthesia

Computer-controlled devices administer anesthetic solutions slowly and precisely.
These devices typically include a computer, handpiece, foot pedal, and pen-like handpiece for comfortable injection administration.
Improved patient comfort is a key advantage.

STA

STA anesthesia, performed with the wand, uses real-time dynamic pressure-sensing technology to guide the needle to the periodontal ligament.
Audible and visual feedback inform the clinician on pressure levels.

Ezject

Ezject provides four-step injection speed control to minimize pain.
It features three-step pressure sensing and an ampule indicator.

Dental Pen

A dental pen is a small device with various controllable parameters including power on/off, sound adjustment, injection speed, and LED status indicators.

Nanorobotics in Local Anesthesia

Nanorobots, in form of analgesic colloidal suspensions, can potentially overcome issues with conventional anesthetic administration by improving the precision and minimizing complications arising from overdosing, cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and tissue lesions.
Nanorobots are hypothesized to migrate to the treatment area without causing pain, effectively blocking nerves.

OraVerse (Phentolamine Mesylate)

OraVerse is a topical anesthetic that accelerates the return to normal sensitivity in the lips and tongue.
It works by increasing anesthetic diffusion.
Indicated for faster recovery in children and adults.
Contraindicated in patients under three years old or with cardiovascular disease.

Onset Onpharm (Sodium Bicarbonate)

Onset onpharm is a buffering system using sodium bicarbonate to raise the pH of the local anesthetic.
This raises pH and increases analgesia onset, consequently reducing injection pain.

Additional Notes

The text discusses multiple types and methods of local anesthesia, each with pros and cons.

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Description

Test your knowledge on various dental anesthesia techniques and devices, including needle-free devices and their advantages. Explore the ingredients commonly used in topical anesthetics and the characteristics of different anesthesia delivery systems. This quiz covers essential topics for dental professionals and students alike.