Dental Science Quiz on DLVO Theory and Oral Hygiene

The phenomenon where negatively charged surfaces attract positively charged ions, creating a double electrostatic layer. In a physiological solution, microorganisms are repelled due to overlapping layers, preventing adhesion. Adding ions compresses the layers, allowing microorganisms to approach each other until Van der Waals forces outweigh repulsion, leading to adhesion.

The process of enamel dissolving as a result of acidic conditions.

The mineral found in enamel that is less soluble than pure apatite and has a broader A-axis. This is because of the incorporation of other ions like carbonate and magnesium.

A chemical reaction that produces a salt and water. This reaction neutralizes both the acid and the base.

A solution where the ionic product (Qsp) is equal to the solubility product (Ksp). In this scenario, the solution is saturated and no more solute can dissolve.

The dissolution of tooth structures caused by bacterial metabolic products. This happens when bacteria ferment sugars, producing acids that attack enamel.

The dissolution of tooth structures caused by external factors OTHER than bacterial metabolic products. These can include acidic drinks, gastric reflux, or acidic foods.

The degree to which a substance dissolves in a solvent. This depends on factors like temperature, pressure, and the type of solvent.

A process where odontoblasts create a layer of dentin beneath the body of a lesion to protect the pulp.

The main goal is to keep the pulp alive and healthy, usually by forming a protective layer of dentin.

The formation of tertiary dentin occurs at the expense of the pulp's space, which means the pulp chamber becomes smaller.

Dead tracks are a defense mechanism used by the pulp to isolate itself from potentially harmful factors like infections or damage. They prevent the spread of these factors further into the pulp.

The odontoblastic process, a part of the odontoblast cell, plays a crucial role in the formation of tertiary dentin. Once this process dies, the ability to form tertiary dentin and protect the pulp is lost.

The goals of plaque control aim to limit the growth of harmful bacteria (like Streptococcus mutans), maintain a healthy pH in dental plaque, promote a balance of beneficial bacteria, and help remineralize tooth enamel.

Oral hygiene habits are evaluated by collecting information from the patient or parent, and by observing the child's brushing and flossing techniques.

Oral hygiene status is assessed by measuring the amount of plaque and gingivitis present using specific indices.

Electrical toothbrushes that use a vibrating or rotating head to clean teeth. They provide a more thorough and effective cleaning than manual brushing.

A program designed to motivate individuals to improve their oral hygiene habits, often utilizing various techniques like education, persuasion, and psychological strategies.

Professional cleaning of teeth by a dentist or hygienist that removes plaque, calculus, and stains, promotes oral health, and allows for early detection of dental problems.

Delivery of fluoride to the body through sources like fluoridated water or salt, aiming to strengthen enamel and prevent cavities.

The ideal range of fluoride concentration in drinking water that's effective for preventing tooth decay.

Fluoride supplements taken orally in the form of tablets or drops to increase fluoride intake, particularly important for children.

Recommended daily fluoride intake for children between the ages of 3 and 6.

Recommended daily fluoride intake for children under 3 years old.

Fluoride taken in through food and water is absorbed into the bloodstream and then travels to the enamel through tissue fluid.

Fluoride ions react with hydroxyapatite in the enamel to form fluorapatite, making the enamel more resistant to acid attacks.

A high concentration of fluoride ions reacts with hydroxyapatite to form fluorohydroxyapatite, making the enamel more acid-resistant. This happens in acidic conditions.

Children under two years old should use a tiny amount of toothpaste without fluoride, while children between two and six should use toothpaste with 500 ppm fluoride (pea-sized amount). Children over the age of six can use toothpaste with 1000 ppm fluoride.

Rinsing with fluoride solutions is recommended for patients with dry mouth, braces, gum recession, rampant cavities, and those who have difficulty maintaining good oral hygiene.

Adding fluoride to the public water supply is the most effective and cost-efficient way to deliver fluoride to a large population.

Professional fluoride treatments are customized to the patient's individual needs and are applied in a dental office. This may include fluoride gels, varnishes, or foams.

Topical fluoride prevention includes using fluoride toothpaste, mouthwashes, gels, and other products, which is done at home by individuals.

When communicating with visually impaired children, using clear, understandable language is crucial. Avoid complex medical terms and rely on tactile explanations instead. Help them explore the dental instruments by touch.

When communicating with hearing-impaired children, it is essential to use a combination of visual aids, such as gestures, pictures, and written materials, to ensure clear understanding. Speak slowly, clearly, and face the child directly to facilitate lip reading. Avoid shouting; instead, use a normal speaking voice.

Dental procedures for children with hearing impairment should be short, broken down into manageable steps. The use of gestures and visual aids can help the child understand the process and prevent anxiety. Parents, if present, can be instrumental in supporting and reassuring the child during the procedure.

Children with intellectual disabilities require a tailored approach that focuses on clear communication, simplification, and reducing distractions. The "say, show, do" technique is effective in explaining procedures. Visual aids, such as posters, drawings, and movies, can also be beneficial.

Children with intellectual disabilities may exhibit behavioral challenges, including restlessness, hyperactivity, and repetitive behaviors. These behaviors are often related to their individual needs and differences. It's crucial to understand and acknowledge these challenges and adapt the treatment plan accordingly.

Children with intellectual disabilities may have heightened susceptibility to oral health issues, leading to a higher risk of cavities, fillings, and tooth wear. This can be attributed to factors like difficulty maintaining oral hygiene and potentially challenging dietary patterns.

When working with children from diverse cultural backgrounds, it's vital to adapt the approach to address language barriers, cultural beliefs, and potential dietary differences. Cultural sensitivity and understanding are essential for fostering trust and building a positive relationship.