Dental Science Quiz on DLVO Theory and Oral Hygiene
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Questions and Answers

What result occurs when adding ions to the ionic solution in relation to the DLVO theory?

  • It destroys the double electrostatic layer.
  • It prevents any approach between microorganisms.
  • It reduces the acidity of the solution.
  • It causes electrostatic repulsion to decrease. (correct)

    • Which statement about demineralization is incorrect?

  • Demineralization and remineralization are independent processes. (correct)
  • Demineralization only occurs at low pH levels.
  • Demineralization is the process of enamel dissolution.
  • The rate of demineralization is influenced by apatite crystal composition.

    • What distinguishes caries from an erosive lesion?

  • Caries is caused by mechanical stress, erosive lesions by bacteria.
  • Caries affects only enamel, while erosive lesions affect all dental structures.
  • Caries is reversible, erosive lesions are irreversible.
  • Caries is a chemical dissolution caused by metabolic products, erosive lesions are from other sources. (correct)

    • Under what condition do demineralization and remineralization processes reach an equilibrium?

    <p>At pH 5.5.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding the solubility of different types of apatite?

    <p>The Ca:P ratio in enamel apatite is 1.64.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of salts in relation to their behavior as electrolytes?

    <p>They dissociate into ions and therefore act as electrolytes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the relationship between Qsp and Ksp is correct?

    <p>When Qsp = Ksp, the solution is saturated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to microorganisms approaching a charged surface due to the DLVO theory?

    <p>They are repulsed by overlapping double electrostatic layers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of tertiary dentin formation?

    <p>To protect the pulp from external stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately represents a goal of plaque control?

    <p>Promoting the remineralization of enamel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is not a direction of oral hygiene?

    <p>Promoting periodontal inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is oral hygiene status evaluated clinically?

    <p>Using oral hygiene indices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of using a disclosing agent for dental plaque?

    <p>To motivate patients to adhere to oral hygiene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is used to disclose dental plaque in children under three years old?

    <p>Using a disclosing tablet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the odontoblastic process after it dies?

    <p>The protective mechanisms are exhausted</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is FALSE regarding disclosing tablets used for plaque identification?

    <p>They are intended for children of all ages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does endogenously taken fluoride reach the enamel during post-eruptive maturation?

    <p>Through tissue fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is formed when a high concentration of fluoride ions (over 100 ppm) is added to hydroxyapatite in equilibrium?

    <p>Fluorapatite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended fluoride content for toothpaste for children under 2 years old?

    <p>0 ppm fluoride</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of patients is highly recommended to rinse with fluoride solutions?

    <p>Patients with rampant caries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method of endogenous fluoride prevention is the most effective and cheapest?

    <p>Fluoridation of drinking water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of electric tooth cleaning devices?

    <p>They are made up of a head and a handle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statements about professional local fluoride prevention are true?

    <p>Performed solely in the dental office</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which methods are used for building a motivational program for dental health?

    <p>Education in oral hygiene methods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following topical fluoride methods includes the use of fluoride toothpaste?

    <p>Individual topical fluoride prevention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statements about professional oral hygiene are accurate?

    <p>It is carried out by a dentist or hygienist.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the fluoride content be for toothpaste used by children aged 2 to 6 years?

    <p>500 ppm fluoride, grain of rice amount</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the optimal fluoride concentration in drinking water for caries prevention?

    <p>1 – 1.2 mg/l</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a method of endogenous fluoride prevention?

    <p>Fluoride gel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the recommended doses of fluoride supplements for children aged 3 to 6 years?

    <p>0.25 mg/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the recommended doses of fluoride supplements for children under 3 years?

    <p>0.25 mg/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is important when presenting dental procedures to children with visual impairment?

    <p>They see through touch.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true regarding communication with children with hearing impairment?

    <p>Difficulty in acquiring new knowledge and skills is common.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statements are true regarding dental procedures for children with hearing impairment?

    <p>They should be short and efficient.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What strategies are effective in improving the behavior of children with hearing impairment?

    <p>The modeling technique.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statements regarding the treatment of children with intellectual disabilities are true?

    <p>Reducing sources of distraction is crucial.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which behavioral problems are commonly observed in children with intellectual disabilities?

    <p>Restlessness and hyperactivity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What statements about the influence of children with intellectual disabilities on oral health are true?

    <p>Severe periodontal diseases can occur.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which strategy is NOT effective for engaging children with hearing impairment during dental treatment?

    <p>Ignoring their communication needs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the levels at which risk profiling can be conducted?

    <p>Public or group level; individual level; topical level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tooth surfaces are considered most at risk for developing carious lesions?

    <p>Molars' occlusal surfaces post-eruption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Featherstone's ‘balanced caries’ concept, which of the following factors is classified as pathological?

    <p>Dysfunctional salivary secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a prognostic risk factor predict?

    <p>A high probability of developing a disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which indicators fall under the high risk category according to caries risk scoring?

    <p>Appearance of carious teeth in the past year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is caries risk categorized as low, medium, or high?

    <p>According to the presence of positive indicators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What systemic factors are included in the risk assessment for periodontal disease at the patient level?

    <p>Behavioral and genetic predispositions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what ages is the caries risk assessment aimed according to the specific demographic guidelines?

    <p>1-2 years; 5-7 years; 11-14 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Dental Caries Etiology and Prevention

    • Etiology of Dental Caries: Main factors include microorganisms, fermentable carbohydrates, tooth morphology, tooth age, fluoride intake, nutrition during dental histogenesis, and time. Saliva plays a role.

    • Enamel Resistance Factors: Tooth morphology, tooth age, fluoride intake, nutrition during dental histogenesis, genetic and systemic factors.

    • Critical Period for Tooth Mineralization: The first 2 years after eruption, particularly critical for molars with pits, grooves, and fissures.

    • Molar Morphology: Molars have pits, grooves, and fissures, which can trap food and microorganisms and lower the enamel mineralisation in these areas.

    • Permanent Tooth Characteristics: Permanent teeth right after eruption have a lower degree of mineralization, smoother surfaces, smaller intercrystalline spaces, and narrower interprismatic zones.

    • Cariogenic Microorganisms: Key qualities include adherence to the tooth surface, resistance to removal mechanisms, and potential for sufficient numbers to multiply. Aciduric microorganisms are capable of division and reproduction under acidic conditions. Important microorganisms include Str. Mutans,Str. Mitis, and Lactobacillus.

    • Caries Pathogenesis Stages: Acid degradation of the inorganic enamel component, chelation demineralization, acid decomposition of acid-soluble organic matter, and proteolysis of acid-insoluble organic matter.

    • Stephan Curve Factors: The factors associated with caries incidence and sugar intake and relationship, includes sugar intake quantity and frequency.

    • Fluoride Importance: Fluoride intake and concentration contribute to the prevention of dental caries, as well as remineralization, through the formation of fluorohydroxyapatite or fluorapatite.

    • Saliva's Protective Role: Saliva's buffering systems, flow, and remineralizing effects help maintain the pH balance and protect against caries.

    Dental Caries Development

    • Microorganisms in Biofilms: microorganisms in biofilm have a nutritional and survival advantage as they are shielded from the host's immune system and environmental stresses. Intracellular and extracellular polysaccharides play major roles that promote aggregation for caries development.

    • Acquired Pellicle: The formation of the acquired pellicle starts within moments of tooth exposure to the oral environment with the binding of precursor pellicle proteins. This pellicle is a thin, primarily organic layer that provides a base surface for microbial adhesion.

    Oral Hygiene

    • Goals of Plaque Control: Preventing and limiting the number of cariogenic microorganisms and maintaining a low pH in the dental plaque, allowing for appropriate remineralization.

    Prevention and Treatment

    • Professional Fluoride Prevention: Includes fluoridation of toothpaste, drinking water, varnishes, and mouthwashes.
    • Remineralizing Agents: Methods used to restore or strengthen the minerals in the tooth's structure.
    • Preventive Sealants: Materials used to cover fissures and pits on teeth, protecting them from bacteria and acids.

    Risk Assessment

    • Systemic Risk Factors: Genetic predisposition, certain medical conditions, metabolic factors, lifestyle and behaviors all play a key role in developing oral diseases and caries.
    • Individual Risk Factors: Factors like the type of biofilm and the presence of certain microorganisms and their interactions. Local factors such as tooth morphology, presence of dental plaque and caries lesions.
    • Levels of Risk Profiling: Factors that are specific to the individual, factors related to population, such as diet, oral environment, and levels of tooth and group of teeth.

    Methods of Treatment

    • Non-Operative Treatment:Includes assessment of the oral health status and patient education, oral hygiene management, and prevention of further dental deterioration.
    • Operative Treatment: Includes treatment of carious lesions and procedures to prevent further breakdown and disease.

    Communication Considerations

    • Communicating and Treating Patients with Disabilities: Dentists should communicate with diverse patient populations clearly, using patient-centered approaches, in a way that is respectful and accessible. This includes patients with visual or hearing impairments, intellectual disabilities, or other conditions.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on dental science concepts including DLVO theory, caries, demineralization, and oral hygiene practices. This quiz covers key principles related to electrolyte behavior, plaque control, and dental health assessments. Delve into critical topics that shape our understanding of oral care.

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