Calculus Quiz PDF

**[Calculus Quiz]** **Calculus is considered a risk factor because:** Question 1Select one: a\. Calculus is the primary cause of periodontal disease b\. The surface of calculus can damage the adjacent soft tissue through direct trauma **c. The surface of calculus is irregular and provides a pla...

**[Calculus Quiz]** **Calculus is considered a risk factor because:** Question 1Select one: a\. Calculus is the primary cause of periodontal disease b\. The surface of calculus can damage the adjacent soft tissue through direct trauma **c. The surface of calculus is irregular and provides a place for bacteria to grow undisturbed** d\. The bacteria derive many of their needed nutrients from the hard calculus deposits **Dental calculus is mineralised petrified dental plaque and does not directly cause to progression of periodontal disease** Question 2Select one: a\. False **b. True\ ** **Dental calculus is indeed mineralized, petrified plaque. Once plaque accumulates on the teeth and is not removed, it can mineralize over time to form calculus.** **Calculus itself doesn't cause periodontal disease, but it serves as an irritant for the gums. The rough surface of calculus provides a stable environment for plaque to accumulate. This plaque contains harmful bacteria that can cause inflammation, gingivitis, and eventually periodontal disease.** **Therefore, calculus is a secondary factor that promotes the progression of periodontal disease by harboring bacteria, irritating the gum tissues, and making it difficult for the patient to maintain effective oral hygiene.** **Kate attends the dental surgery presenting complaining that she always forms calculus on her lower anterior linguals and upper buccal molars. You reassured Kate with the following information (Select the most appropriate answer)** Question 3Select one: a\. Kate is may have a high calcium diet and this means she will make more calculus b\. Kate is predisposed to forming calculus in these areas c\. There is a genetic link on where people form calculus d\. **Kate is more at risk for forming calculus in these areas as they are located near salivary glands** e\. Kate is just unlucky **Methods of calculus detection are:** Question 4Select one or more: **a. Probing** b\. Asking the patient to let you know **c. Vision** **d. Radiographs** **Sam has had several crowns and implants fitted seven months ago. He has only attended the dental hygiene appointment for the first time since the prosthesis were fitted. (Select the most appropriate answer)** **Question 5Select one:** **a. Sam is at risk of plaque and calculus growth on his prosthetic appliances and must attend dental hygiene appointments regularly** b\. Sam only needs to attend appointments when relevant as plaque and calculus growth rate is slowed on prosthetic appliances c\. Sam is able to provide his own self care plan and use over the counter tools to maintain his prosthetic appliances. **Supra and sub gingival calculus both derive their minerals from saliva** **Question 6Select one:** a\. True **b. False** **Supragingival calculus** derives its minerals primarily from **saliva**, as it forms above the gumline. **Subgingival calculus**, however, derives its minerals **primarily from crevicular fluid** (the fluid found in the gingival sulcus) and **saliva**. The crevicular fluid contains minerals and proteins that contribute more significantly to the mineralization process in subgingival calculus formation. **The composition of dental calculus consists of organic & inorganic substances** **Question 7Select one:** a\. False **b. True** **Dental calculus is composed of both organic and inorganic substances:** - **Inorganic substances: These make up the majority of the composition of dental calculus and include calcium, phosphate, and carbonates. These minerals come from saliva and crevicular fluid. The presence of these minerals causes the plaque to harden and form calculus.** - **Organic substances: These include cellular debris, dead bacteria, and mucin (a glycoprotein found in saliva). While the inorganic content is primarily responsible for the hardness of calculus, the organic components contribute to the overall structure of the calculus.** **The composition of inorganic material in dental calculus is 10-30%** **Question 8Select one:** **a. False** b\. True The inorganic material in dental calculus typically makes up about **70-90%** of its composition, not 10-30%. The inorganic component primarily consists of **calcium phosphate**, **calcium carbonate**, and **hydroxyapatite** crystals, which are the minerals that contribute to the hardness of calculus. The remainder of the calculus is made up of **organic material** such as bacterial cells, desquamated epithelial cells, and mucins. **Which of the following is NOT a mechanism for attachment of calculus to a tooth surface?** **Question 9Select one:** a\. Attachment by means of pellicle **b. Attachment to the blood clots that can form on the tooth** c\. Attachment to irregularities that occur in the surface of a tooth d\. Attachment by direct contact of the calcified component and the tooth surface