Demographics Study Unit 4

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Questions and Answers

What is the main reason for faster urban growth in developing countries compared to developed countries?

Greater availability of housing in urban areas

Government policies promoting urbanization

Higher birth rates in developing countries

Increased migration from rural areas due to limited economic opportunities (correct)

Which of the following describes the main purpose of the Ecological Footprint?

Assessing economic growth and development

Measuring the impact of human activities on the environment (correct)

Evaluating the quality of life in different countries

Tracking global population growth

Identify the most significant aspect in influencing residential land use in a city.

Cost of housing and property value (correct)

Accessibility to commercial centers

Proximity to public transportation

Availability of open spaces and recreational areas

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a liveable community?

High levels of traffic congestion Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of a Greenbelt Area?

Protecting natural ecosystems and farmland from urban development Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following land uses is MOST directly related to the provision of goods and services within a city?

Commercial land use Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a dispersed settlement pattern?

Houses spread out and far apart, with limited density Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a key aspect of a country's Standard of Living, as measured by the Human Development Index (HDI)?

Income inequality Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the rate at which a population is increasing or decreasing?

Population Growth Rate Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly defines 'emigration'?

Leaving one's home country to settle in another Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT considered a push factor in migration?

Higher wages in destination Signup and view all the answers

What demographic group is often referred to as the 'Baby Boomers'?

Individuals born between 1946 and 1964 Signup and view all the answers

What is a major concern related to a larger Dependency Load than the working population?

Higher social support costs Signup and view all the answers

Which type of immigrant is likely to have temporary residency in Canada?

Temporary Foreign Worker Program Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a Population Pyramid?

To illustrate age and sex distribution Signup and view all the answers

What problem did China's ‘One Child Policy’ primarily create?

An aging population Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Unit 4: Study of Demographics/Population

Demography: The study of human populations.
Population Growth Rate: The rate at which a population increases or decreases over a given time period. A positive rate indicates growth.
Why a positive Population Growth Rate is needed: A positive growth rate is desired for economic and social reasons, ensuring a sufficient workforce, and contributing to overall societal dynamism.
Natural Increase Rate: The difference between birth rate and death rate.
Net Migration Rate: The difference between immigration and emigration rates.
Doubling Time/Rule of 70: A method to estimate the time it takes for a population to double (approximately 70 divided by the growth rate).
Population Growth Rate Formulas: A knowledge of population growth rate calculations is essential.
Migration: Movement of people from one location to another.
Migrant: A person who moves from one place to another.
Immigration: The act of entering a country to live there permanently.
Immigrant: A person who immigrates.
Emigrant: A person who leaves their country to live in another.
Culture: Shared beliefs, values, customs, and behaviours of a group of people.
Multicultural: Consisting of many different cultures.
Cultural Mosaic: A society in which many different cultures co-exist.
Push Factors (Examples): Political instability (e.g., war, persecution), economic hardship (e.g., unemployment, poverty), social discrimination (e.g., racism, lack of opportunities), environmental disasters (e.g., natural disasters, lack of resources).
Pull Factors (Examples): Better economic opportunities (e.g., jobs, higher wages), political stability, better quality of life, education opportunities, access to healthcare.
Intervening Factors/Obstacles to Immigrating: Cost of moving, language barriers, lack of proper documentation, family ties in the home country, legal restrictions in the destination country.
Illegal Migrant: A person who enters a country without legal permission or by using fraudulent documents.
Legal Entry for Illegal Migrants: This depends on the regulations of the country in question. In certain situations, an illegal migrant might later apply for legal status, depending on individual circumstances and immigration policies.
Types of Immigrants (Canada):
Economic Immigrants (Permanent Residents): Stay permanently to participate in the Canadian economy.
Skilled Worker Class: Highly skilled workers filling in demand in the labour force.
Skilled Trade Class: Workers in Trades.
Canadian Experience Class: Skilled workers who have previous Canadian work experience.
Start-up Visa: For individuals launching new businesses.
Economic Immigrants (Temporary Residents): Stay temporarily due to specific circumstances on permits.
Temporary Foreign Worker Program: Workers with skills in demand in specific sectors, for a set time.
Social Immigrants: Individuals choosing Canada for joining relatives or friends living in Canada.
Humanitarian Immigrants: Individuals needing protection because of difficult situations, like war, persecution, or disasters.
Immigration Point System: A system used in some countries (like Canada) to assess and select prospective immigrants based on scores obtained from their application. This includes points for factors such as education, work experience, and language proficiency.

Unit 4: Population Pyramids

Population Pyramid: A graphical illustration of the age and sex distribution of a population.
Pyramid Differences: Unlike other graphs, population pyramids specifically show the proportion and distribution of age and sex in a population.
Baby Boomers: A generation born after WWII, known for its large size.
Baby Boomer Importance: Their age impacts the worker vs. retiree relation, influencing the economy and social services.
Dependency Load: The proportion of nonworking-age individuals (children and elderly) who depend on the working-age population for support.
Supporting Dependency Load: The working-age population supports those who are not working.
Large Dependency Load: If it exceeds the working population, social services might not be supported and economic strain could impact the entire country.

Unit 4: Global Population Issues

China's 'One Child' Policy Issues: Led to a skewed sex ratio, an aging population, and a decline in overall population growth.
Total Fertility Rate (TFR): The average number of children a woman is expected to have during her lifetime. Low TFR can pose a challenge for a country’s economy and social structure.
Birth Dearth: A decline in birth rates below replacement levels, which is an issue for a society’s health and labour force.
Demographic Transition Model: A model that describes the stages of population growth and how birth and death rates change throughout history
Stages and Shapes: The model has 4 stages and each stage corresponds to a unique shape of the population pyramid.
Countries and Examples (Stages): Countries associated with each demographic stage.
Demographic Trap: A situation where a nation lacks the ability to progress past earlier stages of economic development.
Fragile State: A nation encountering severe political or economic difficulties and undergoing frequent changes in governance.
Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs):
Government Foreign Aid: The practice of support provision to other nations
Bilateral Aid: Aid provided from one country directly to another.
Multilateral Aid: Aid channeled through international organizations.

Unit 5 - Liveable Communities

Unit 5.1 Population Patterns:

Population Density: The number of people per unit of area.
Isodemographic Map: A map that shows areas with similar population densities.
Urban and Rural Settlements: Urban: densely populated, focused on economic activities. Rural: sparsely populated, often focused on agriculture.
Settlement Patterns (Examples):
Concentrated: Agglomerations, urban centres.
Linear: Along rivers or roads.
Dispersed: Scattered locations.

Unit 5.2 Liveability and Sustainability:

Liveability: The degree to which a community is suitable for people to live in.
Characteristics of a Liveable Community: Access to necessities & essentials, services, safety, sustainability, good public transport, opportunities to use public parks.
Sustainability: The ability to maintain a process, or state, over time.
Carrying Capacity: The maximum population size that an area can sustain.

Unit 5.3 Types of Land Use in an Urban Centre/City:

Land Use Relationships: Directly related to population density, economic activities, infrastructure, and other societal requirements.
Land Use Percentages: Divisions of land in a city (residential, commercial, industrial, recreational).
Ineffective Transportation System: Can lead to traffic congestion, higher transport costs, and environmental challenges.
Parts of a Transportation System: Infrastructure for transport, roadways, and public transportation.
Residential Land Use: Residential density, the number of residences per unit.
Low vs. High Residential Density: Affects neighbourhood character and urban planning issues.
Commercial Activities: Business-related activities, that provide services or sell goods.
Importance of Commercial Areas: Commercial areas generate revenue and create economic activity and employment opportunities.
Lower vs. Higher-Order Goods and Services: Lower-order service or goods are common and available regularly, Higher-order service or goods are specialized or uncommon.
Industrial Land Use: Location and volume of industrial areas directly impact the livability of areas.
Institutional and Public Buildings (Examples): Schools, hospitals, government buildings.
Open Space and Recreational Land Use (Examples): Parks, greenways, playgrounds.

Unit 5.4 Building Better Communities

Urbanization: The growth of cities.
Urban Growth: Increase in population and infrastructure of cities.
Percentage of Canadians in Cities:
Developing World Urban Growth: Faster than developed, due to rural-urban migration from job prospects and population pressures.
Informal Settlements: Unofficial, unplanned settlements lacking necessary services.
Informal Settlement Issues: These lacking issues lead to extremely low livability.
Developing World Issues: Factors contributing to challenging circumstances.
Urban Sprawl: Outward expansion of cities.
Importance of Protecting Farmland: Ensuring enough food production and maintaining biodiversity.
Greenbelt Area: Land areas with restrictions on development to protect surrounding areas for agricultural, recreational, or environmental reasons.
Canada's Largest Greenbelt:
Importance of Greenbelts: Important to maintain sustainability and quality of living.
20-Minute Neighbourhood: A neighbourhood where essential services are within a 20-minute walk or bike ride.

Unit 5.5 Measuring Sustainability and Liveability:

Human Development Index (HDI): Measures a country's standard of living (health, education, and standard of living).
Gross Domestic Product per capita (GDP): Measures a country's economic output per person.
Environmental Performance Index (EPI): Measures environmental protection, safety, and health of a country.
Ecological Footprint: Measures the impact of a person or population on the environment.
Reducing Ecological Footprint: Ways of reducing our environmental impact.

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Description

Explore the vital concepts of demographics in this Unit 4 quiz. Understand population growth rates, migration, and the factors influencing population dynamics. Test your knowledge on formulas and the implications of demographic changes.