Demographics and Migration Quiz

Exam Review

• Exam Materials: Bring a calculator, 2 pencils, a white eraser, and 2-3 black or blue pens (no colored pens), and a white-out stick in a clear ziploc bag. Keep phones and smartwatches in your locker.
• Exam Outline: The exam includes multiple choice, true/false, matching columns questions, and 2 long answer questions; all using Scantron sheets.

Geologic History

• Geological Eras: List the order of geological eras: Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic eras.

Plate Tectonics

• Divergent Plate Boundaries: Plates move apart.
• Convergent Plate Boundaries: Plates collide.
• Rock Cycle: This process involves the transformation of rocks from one type to another (e.g., metamorphic to magma, igneous to sedimentary, etc.). Use the provided diagram.

Igneous Rock

• Formation: Igneous rock forms from the cooling and solidification of magma or lava.
• Transformation: Igneous rock can weather and erode into sediments.

Sedimentary Rock

• Formation: Sediments are compacted and cemented together to form sedimentary rock.
• Transformation: Sedimentary rock can weather and erode into sediments.

Metamorphic Rock

• Formation: Metamorphic rock forms from the transformation of existing rocks due to heat and/or pressure.
• Transformation: Metamorphic rock can weather and erode into sediments.

Landform Regions of Canada

• Oldest Landform: The Canadian Shield.
• Best Soil: The Great Plains.
• Worst Soil: Hudson's Bay-Arctic Lowlands.

Climate

• Continental Climate Factors: Factors that contribute to a continental climate: distance from the equator, ocean currents (warm vs cold), wind, elevation, relief, and distance from water (near water).
• Maritime Climate Factors: Factors that contribute to a maritime climate: distance from the equator, ocean currents (warm vs cold), wind, elevation, relief, and distance from water (near water).

Soil

• Typical Soil: The best soil for plants; rich in moisture and dark brown near the surface; brown subsoil and bedrock in parent material.
• Leached Soil: Occurs when excess rainfall washes away minerals, leaving behind iron and aluminum components.

Types of Resources

• Renewable Resources: Resources that can be replenished if used carefully (e.g., soil, forests).
• Non-Renewable Resources: Resources that are limited and cannot be replaced (e.g., fossil fuels, minerals). Fossil fuels (oil, gas, coal) are non-renewable resources formed from prehistoric plants and animals.

Resources and the 3 Rs

• Reduce: Purchasing and consuming less.
• Reuse: Using objects repeatedly and for new purposes.
• Recycle: Transforming items into useful new products.

Managing Renewable Resources

• Farming: Canada's land quality- Class 7
• Water: Highest percentage of Earth's water is in oceans
• Energy: Conventional energy, Hydroelectricity, and Thermoelectricity

Manufacturing

• Economic Sectors: primary (extractive), secondary (manufacturing), tertiary (service). Examples include logging wood, Suncor Oil, Restaurant services.

Demographics

• Demography: Study of human population.
• Natural Increase Rate: Difference between birth rate and death rate.
• Net Migration Rate: Difference between immigration and emigration.
• Doubling Time: Time needed for a population to double.

Land Uses

• Transportation: Intentional movement of humans or animals from one location to another.
• Urban Sprawl: Uncontrolled expansion of cities into rural lands.
• Urbanization: Increasing percentage of a population living in cities and towns.
• Greenbelts: Rural areas around urban centers that prevent further development.

Liveable Communities

• Sustainability: Maintaining a high quality of life while using resources responsibly.
• Carrying Capacity: Environment's ability to support a population without damage.
• HDI: Measure of a country's standard of living by evaluating health, education, and economy.