Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which ethnic group shows a significantly higher prevalence of dementia after adjusting for age and socioeconomic status?
Which ethnic group shows a significantly higher prevalence of dementia after adjusting for age and socioeconomic status?
- African-Caribbean (correct)
- South Asians
- White populations
- East Asians
What is the increased risk factor for dementia associated with having one copy of the APOE -4 allele?
What is the increased risk factor for dementia associated with having one copy of the APOE -4 allele?
- Eightyfold
- Tenfold
- Fivefold
- Threefold (correct)
Which environmental risk factors are more common in South Asian populations compared to White populations?
Which environmental risk factors are more common in South Asian populations compared to White populations?
- High LDL and low diet diversity
- Smoking and low HDL
- Diet and physical inactivity
- Hypertension and diabetes (correct)
In which population is the absence of the E4 allele particularly noted?
In which population is the absence of the E4 allele particularly noted?
Which country has the highest potentially modifiable population-attributable fraction (PAF) for dementia, as identified in the content?
Which country has the highest potentially modifiable population-attributable fraction (PAF) for dementia, as identified in the content?
How does the prevalence of dementia in African Americans compare to that of White Americans?
How does the prevalence of dementia in African Americans compare to that of White Americans?
Which factor contributes to a greater impact on dementia risk in Black populations compared to White populations?
Which factor contributes to a greater impact on dementia risk in Black populations compared to White populations?
What percentage of dementia prevalence is observed among over 60s in African-Caribbean populations?
What percentage of dementia prevalence is observed among over 60s in African-Caribbean populations?
What is the association of obesity, hypertension, and diabetes among South Asian populations regarding dementia risk?
What is the association of obesity, hypertension, and diabetes among South Asian populations regarding dementia risk?
How does the prevalence of different alleles associated with Alzheimer's dementia vary among populations?
How does the prevalence of different alleles associated with Alzheimer's dementia vary among populations?
What percentage of potentially modifiable population-attributable fraction (PAF) is identified in Latin America for dementia?
What percentage of potentially modifiable population-attributable fraction (PAF) is identified in Latin America for dementia?
In which demographic is the incidence of dementia higher, based on person years?
In which demographic is the incidence of dementia higher, based on person years?
What factor has been found to have a greater impact on dementia risk in Black populations compared to White populations?
What factor has been found to have a greater impact on dementia risk in Black populations compared to White populations?
What is the prevalence of dementia among African-Caribbean participants aged over 60?
What is the prevalence of dementia among African-Caribbean participants aged over 60?
What environmental factor is higher in more deprived areas that also often have a higher density of minority ethnic populations?
What environmental factor is higher in more deprived areas that also often have a higher density of minority ethnic populations?
How does the presence of the E4 allele relate to the risk of dementia among Hispanic and African American populations?
How does the presence of the E4 allele relate to the risk of dementia among Hispanic and African American populations?
Flashcards
APOE-ε4 allele effect
APOE-ε4 allele effect
Having one copy of the APOE-ε4 allele increases dementia risk threefold, and having two copies increases it 8-10-fold.
Dementia Risk in South Asians
Dementia Risk in South Asians
South Asians have a higher risk of dementia due to factors such as obesity, hypertension, and diabetes, compared to white populations.
Dementia Prevalence in African-Caribbean
Dementia Prevalence in African-Caribbean
African-Caribbean populations experience dementia at a younger age (roughly 8 years younger than white counterparts) and have a higher prevalence.
Modifiable Risk Factors
Modifiable Risk Factors
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APOE-ε4 in Different Ethnicities
APOE-ε4 in Different Ethnicities
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Dementia Prevalence in Western Europe
Dementia Prevalence in Western Europe
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High LDL Cholesterol
High LDL Cholesterol
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Dementia in African Americans (USA)
Dementia in African Americans (USA)
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APOE-ε4 Allele
APOE-ε4 Allele
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Hypertension in Black Populations
Hypertension in Black Populations
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South Asian Dementia Risk
South Asian Dementia Risk
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PAF in Latin America
PAF in Latin America
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APOE-ε4 Prevalence
APOE-ε4 Prevalence
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African-Caribbean Dementia
African-Caribbean Dementia
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Study Notes
Minority Ethnic Groups and Dementia
- APOE-4 increases dementia risk threefold with one copy and 8-10 fold with two copies.
- High LDL cholesterol is a risk factor.
Environmental Risk Factors Across Ethnicities
- Obesity, hypertension, and diabetes are more common in South Asians.
- Hypertension is greater in Black populations.
- Negative impacts of hypertension, obesity, diabetes, low HDL, and sleep disorders on dementia risk are higher in South Asians compared to white people.
- Air pollution is often higher in deprived areas with high minority ethnic density.
PAF Differences Between Countries
- Latin America has 58% potentially modifiable PAF.
- India and China have 42% potentially modifiable PAF.
Genetic Risk Factors Across Ethnicities
- Alzheimer's dementia prevalence of different alleles varies across populations, lower in East Asians (around 40%) than Europeans (around 60%).
- E4 allele absent in Koch tribe of central India, and frequency is very low in Indian populations relative to European populations.
- Mixed evidence concerning APOE-E4 in Hispanics and African Americans.
- No association found between APOE and dementia in older Nigerians.
Prevalence of Dementia Across Ethnicities
- Approximately 7% of over 60s and 6.5% of over 65s in Western Europe have dementia.
- Dementia prevalence is declining.
- African-Caribbean participants with dementia are significantly younger than white counterparts.
- South Asian dementia prevalence is similar or higher than the White British population.
- Prevalence in USA: African Americans have a higher incidence (26.6/1000 person-years) compared to White people (19.3/1000 person-years).
Diagnosis
- Dementia diagnosis tends to be later in BAME groups.
- Often diagnosed in crisis situations.
- Many BAME individuals are not diagnosed.
- BAME individuals experience worse outcomes.
ACE Cultural Adaptations
- Variability in dementia translation and cultural adaptation procedures is a concern.
Outcomes After Dementia
- Black and South Asian people have a higher risk of death after a dementia diagnosis, and shorter survival times compared to White people.
- Shorter survival (~3 years less) is observed after dementia diagnosis in Black and South Asian people compared to whites.
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Description
Explore the complex relationship between dementia and various risk factors across different ethnicities. This quiz covers genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors impacting dementia prevalence in minority populations. Test your knowledge on how these factors differ worldwide.
