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Questions and Answers
Which type of leukocyte is responsible for the first line of defense against bacteria?
Which type of leukocyte is responsible for the first line of defense against bacteria?
Eosinophils are primarily involved in fighting bacterial infections.
Eosinophils are primarily involved in fighting bacterial infections.
False
What is the life span of neutrophils?
What is the life span of neutrophils?
6 hours
Monocytes differentiate into __________ in the tissues.
Monocytes differentiate into __________ in the tissues.
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Which of the following are classified as agranular leukocytes?
Which of the following are classified as agranular leukocytes?
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Basophils have a life span of 72 hours.
Basophils have a life span of 72 hours.
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What is the function of lymphocytes in the immune response?
What is the function of lymphocytes in the immune response?
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Match the following types of leukocytes with their primary functions:
Match the following types of leukocytes with their primary functions:
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What is the main origin of granular leukocytes?
What is the main origin of granular leukocytes?
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Which leukocyte type has a life span most commonly lasting up to 72 hours?
Which leukocyte type has a life span most commonly lasting up to 72 hours?
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What function is specifically performed by eosinophils?
What function is specifically performed by eosinophils?
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Which leukocyte plays a major role in the acute inflammatory response through the release of enzymes?
Which leukocyte plays a major role in the acute inflammatory response through the release of enzymes?
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Which type of leukocyte can migrate to tissues and become macrophages?
Which type of leukocyte can migrate to tissues and become macrophages?
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What is the function of basophils in the immune response?
What is the function of basophils in the immune response?
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Which type of lymphocyte is responsible for attacking invading viruses and cancer cells?
Which type of lymphocyte is responsible for attacking invading viruses and cancer cells?
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What is the role of opsonization in the immune response?
What is the role of opsonization in the immune response?
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Which leukocyte type is primarily associated with weak phagocytic activity?
Which leukocyte type is primarily associated with weak phagocytic activity?
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In which context do neutrophils typically die and become part of pus?
In which context do neutrophils typically die and become part of pus?
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Study Notes
Defensive Function of Blood
- Blood plays a crucial role in defending the body against pathogens and foreign substances.
- White blood cells (leukocytes) are mobile units of the protective system, lacking hemoglobin.
- White blood cells are primarily produced in bone marrow.
- Leukocytes are categorized by the presence or absence of granules in their cytoplasm.
Types of Leukocytes
- Granular leukocytes: neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils.
- Agranular leukocytes: monocytes, lymphocytes (B cells, T cells, natural killer cells).
Granular Leukocytes
- Neutrophils: Most abundant (60-70%); life span: 6 hours; origin: bone marrow; function: phagocytosis (first line of defense against bacteria), acute inflammation (using lysosomal enzymes).
- Eosinophils: (2-6%); life span: 6 hours; functions: kill parasites, role in allergy, production of substances dissolving blood clots (plasminogen), weak phagocytic activity.
- Basophils: (0-1%); life span: 6 hours; functions: secrete histamine and leukotrienes (increasing capillary permeability), secrete heparin.
Agranular Leukocytes
- Monocytes: (2-8%); life span: 72 hours; function: become tissue macrophages, migrate after neutrophils, phagocytize dead neutrophils, bacteria, and necrotic tissues.
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Lymphocytes: (20-30%); formed in lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus; life span: days-months; function: specific immune response;
- T cells: attack viruses, cancer cells, and transplanted tissues.
- B cells: develop into plasma cells, secreting antibodies.
- Natural Killer cells: attack a wide variety of pathogens and cancer cells.
Immune System
- The immune system includes both innate and adaptive components.
- Innate response is rapid (hours), non-specific, and does not have memory.
- Adaptive response is slower (days), highly specific to antigens, and has immunological memory.
Mechanisms of Phagocytosis
- Opsonization: IgG and complement proteins surround bacteria, facilitating phagocytosis.
- Ingestion of bacteria (endocytosis).
- Lysosomal enzymes + free radicals + H2O2 (bactericidal)
- Neutrophils die and are removed by macrophages; necrotic tissues form pus.
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Description
Explore the crucial role of blood in defending the body against pathogens through various types of leukocytes. This quiz delves into the categories of granular and agranular leukocytes, their functions, and how they contribute to the immune response. Test your knowledge on these essential components of the immune system!
