Leukocytes: The Body's Defenders

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Questions and Answers

What can decrease coagulation and is often recommended to treat cardiovascular disease?

Aspirin (correct)

Rh antigens

Antibodies

RhoGAM

What describes our erythrocytes as having A antigen, B antigen, both A and B antigens, or no antigen?

RhoGAM

Hemolysis

ABO blood group (correct)

Rh D antigen

Which blood type has anti A and anti B antibodies already preformed in the body?

B positive

O positive (correct)

A negative

AB negative

What is the best match for an emergency blood transfusion if the recipient's blood type is unknown?

O negative Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate percentage of Red Blood Cells (erythrocytes) in blood, as indicated in the text?

45% Signup and view all the answers

Which component of blood is responsible for protecting the body from external and internal threats like bacteria and viruses?

White Blood Cells (WBC) Signup and view all the answers

Why does blood circulate more to the skin when the body is hot?

To help dissipate heat Signup and view all the answers

What makes blood a little warmer than normal body temperature?

The reaction of hemoglobin with oxygen Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of erythrocytes?

Oxygen and carbon dioxide transport Signup and view all the answers

Which protein is important for clotting?

Fibrinogen Signup and view all the answers

What is the least common plasma protein?

Fibrinogen Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of hemopoietic growth factor?

Stimulate erythrocyte production Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of cytokines in hemopoiesis?

Enhance differentiation and production Signup and view all the answers

Where does hemopoiesis occur in the body?

Red marrow in bones Signup and view all the answers

Which cells lead toward immunity from disease?

Lymphocytes Signup and view all the answers

What causes sickle cell anemia?

Change in shape of erythrocyte and less oxygen carried Signup and view all the answers

Which type of anemia is caused by insufficient absorption of B12 or folate?

Vitamin deficient anemia Signup and view all the answers

What can lead to polycythemia?

Dehydration Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a reticulocyte?

Immature erythrocyte Signup and view all the answers

What is measured by a pulse oximeter?

Percent saturation of oxygen in blood Signup and view all the answers

Which type of leukocyte is the quick responder and attacks bacteria well?

Neutrophil Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of eosinophils?

Antihistamine and fighting off parasitic worms Signup and view all the answers

Which leukocyte releases histamine and heparin, which opposes blood clotting?

Basophil Signup and view all the answers

What role do B cells play in immunity?

Producing antibodies Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of T cells in the immune system?

Physically attacking pathogens Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition characterized by an overproduction of leukocytes that may not be able to mature or function properly?

Leukemia Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of platelets in hemostasis?

Forming a temporary plug at the wound site Signup and view all the answers

What causes the intrinsic pathway of coagulation to be activated?

Internal damage to the vessel wall Signup and view all the answers

What is thrombosis?

Too much clotting causing resistance to blood flow Signup and view all the answers

How do platelets contribute to hemostasis?

Form a temporary plug at the wound site. Signup and view all the answers

What happens if a thrombus breaks free and floats in the blood vessels?

It becomes an embolus. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of activation of the extrinsic pathway of coagulation?

Trauma. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cardiovascular Disease and Coagulation

Omega-3 fatty acids can decrease coagulation and are often recommended to treat cardiovascular disease.

Blood Types

Blood type is classified based on the presence of A antigen, B antigen, both A and B antigens, or no antigen on the surface of erythrocytes.
Type O blood has anti-A and anti-B antibodies already preformed in the body.

Blood Transfusions

Type O blood is the best match for an emergency blood transfusion if the recipient's blood type is unknown.

Blood Composition

Erythrocytes (red blood cells) make up approximately 45% of blood.

Immune System

The immune system is responsible for protecting the body from external and internal threats like bacteria and viruses.
White blood cells (leukocytes) play a key role in the immune system.

Blood Circulation and Temperature

When the body is hot, blood circulates more to the skin to aid in cooling.
Blood is a little warmer than normal body temperature due to the heat generated from metabolic processes.

Erythrocytes

The main function of erythrocytes is to transport oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues.

Blood Clotting

The protein fibrin is important for clotting.
The intrinsic pathway of coagulation is activated when the blood vessel wall is damaged.
The extrinsic pathway of coagulation is activated when tissue factor is released from damaged tissues.

Hemopoiesis

Hemopoietic growth factor stimulates the production of blood cells.
Cytokines play a key role in regulating hemopoiesis.
Hemopoiesis occurs in the bone marrow.

Leukocytes

Lymphocytes lead to immunity from disease.
Neutrophils are quick responders and attack bacteria well.
Eosinophils play a role in combating parasites and in allergic reactions.
Basophils release histamine and heparin, which opposes blood clotting.

Anemia and Polycythemia

Sickle cell anemia is caused by a genetic mutation in hemoglobin.
Pernicious anemia is caused by insufficient absorption of B12 or folate.
Polycythemia can be caused by an overproduction of erythrocytes.

Hemostasis

Platelets play a key role in hemostasis by forming a platelet plug and releasing chemicals that attract more platelets.
Thrombosis occurs when a thrombus (blood clot) forms in a blood vessel.
If a thrombus breaks free and floats in the blood vessels, it can cause an embolism.
The main function of platelets is to form a platelet plug and release chemicals that attract more platelets.

Immune System Cells

B cells play a key role in immunity by producing antibodies.
T cells play a key role in the immune system by directly attacking infected cells.
Leukemia is a condition characterized by an overproduction of leukocytes that may not be able to mature or function properly.

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Description

Test your knowledge about leukocytes, the white blood cells that protect the body and play a vital role in the immune system. Learn about their characteristics, functions, and behavior in the body.