Decolonization in Africa Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the most likely reason Europe did not invest in education in its African colonies?

Educated citizens would be harder to control.

Which major change took place in Nigeria in 1999?

A civilian president was elected.

What was a major contributor to unrest in Nigeria?

Its many ethnicities and religions.

The first African country to achieve independence was?

Ghana. Signup and view all the answers

The large number of casualties in the Nigerian civil war can be attributed to?

The many different factions at war with one another. Signup and view all the answers

What was the first step in Ghana's independence?

Africans gained a majority in the parliament. Signup and view all the answers

Jomo Kenyatta caused discontent during his rule in Kenya by?

Exhibiting favoritism toward the Kikuyu people. Signup and view all the answers

Europeans ignored cultural divisions when setting colonial boundaries because?

Europeans had no interest in or concern for African cultural divisions. Signup and view all the answers

Another name for the Organization of African Unity is the?

African Union. Signup and view all the answers

What type of government did European settlers create in South Africa in 1909?

A parliamentary government that excluded many citizens. Signup and view all the answers

Based on the pie chart, apartheid restricted the rights of about?

80 percent of the population. Signup and view all the answers

After returning to South Africa from Algeria in 1964, Nelson Mandela was?

Arrested and imprisoned. Signup and view all the answers

The United States and Europe put pressure on South Africa in the form of?

Sanctions. Signup and view all the answers

In the early 1900s, European settlers in South Africa created?

A system of segregation that split society. Signup and view all the answers

What were the economic consequences of apartheid in South Africa? Check all that apply.

Black citizens had a very low standard of living; Black citizens could not own private property; The economy had a stagnant growth rate. Signup and view all the answers

Which list correctly orders events in the rise and fall of apartheid in South Africa?

i. The Population Registration Act was signed. ii. The Soweto Uprising sparked more protests. iii. Frederik W. de Klerk brought about reforms. iv. Nelson Mandela became the nation's president. Signup and view all the answers

South Africa's Population Registration Act of 1950?

Created a race-based classification system. Signup and view all the answers

How did Nelson Mandela expand his anti-government activities in the 1960s?

He created a division dedicated to sabotage. Signup and view all the answers

Which directly led to the first armed conflict between Arabs and Israelis?

The declaration of statehood by Israel in 1948. Signup and view all the answers

A subject some nations disagree on regarding Palestinians is whether they should?

Join the UN. Signup and view all the answers

Which countries attacked Israel during the Yom Kippur War in 1973?

Egypt and Syria. Signup and view all the answers

The US helped to negotiate a peace agreement in 1979 between Israel and?

Egypt. Signup and view all the answers

How did the Balfour Declaration contribute to tension between Jews and Arabs?

It supported the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine. Signup and view all the answers

A result of the Arab-Israeli War during 1948-1949 was that?

Thousands of Palestinians became refugees. Signup and view all the answers

Which tactic did Palestinians use against Israel in 1987?

An intifada. Signup and view all the answers

How did the Holocaust affect support for a Jewish homeland in Palestine?

It increased support greatly. Signup and view all the answers

Which best explains how Yasir Arafat strengthened the case for Palestinian independence?

He lessened anti-Israeli violence and persuaded the Israeli government to help his people. Signup and view all the answers

Which best explains how the division of Palestine in 1947 led to conflict between Jews and Arabs?

The division into Jewish and Arab states led Arabs to feel that Jews were taking their land. Signup and view all the answers

In the 1970s, the shah of Iran was?

Overthrown and sent into exile. Signup and view all the answers

What was an effect of the Arab Spring movement in Libya?

An armed insurrection against the regime led to the overthrow and death of Moammar Gadhafi. Signup and view all the answers

How did Mustafa Kemal differ from Abd al-Aziz Ibn Saud?

Kemal modernized Turkey, while Ibn Saud made Saudi Arabia a more traditional nation. Signup and view all the answers

Islamic clerics criticized the shah of Iran because they?

Disapproved of his Westernization policies. Signup and view all the answers

In the 1940s and 1950s, pan-Arabism grew in the Middle East in response to?

Growing influence from Western nations. Signup and view all the answers

Why did Western nations become interested in Saudi Arabia during the twentieth century?

Oil was discovered on the Arabian Peninsula. Signup and view all the answers

The Arab League was an organization established in 1945 to?

Coordinate political goals among six Arab nations. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes Hamas?

Hamas is a Palestinian group that opposes Israeli rule. Signup and view all the answers

How did Iran change under Ayatollah Khomeini?

Religious leaders created official policy. Signup and view all the answers

What was one reform that helped transform Turkey in the 1920s?

The nation granted women the right to vote. Signup and view all the answers

At the end of the Persian Gulf War, what did Iraq agree to do? Check all that apply.

Eliminate any long-range missiles it possessed; Recognize Kuwait's right to exist independently. Signup and view all the answers

By attacking the USS Cole, al-Qaeda ultimately aimed to?

Send a violent warning message to the United States. Signup and view all the answers

The Taliban remained in power in Afghanistan until?

<ol start="2001"> <li></li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

_________ rose to power by restoring order in Afghanistan after the war with the Soviet Union.

The Taliban. Signup and view all the answers

Why did Saddam Hussein use weapons of mass destruction against Kurdish people and Shiite Muslims?

They rebelled against Saddam Hussein's rule. Signup and view all the answers

Why did Saudi Arabia fear an Iraqi invasion?

Iraq invaded nearby Kuwait for its oil. Signup and view all the answers

What was the source of al-Qaeda's hostility toward the West?

Involvement in Middle Eastern affairs. Signup and view all the answers

How did al-Qaeda get its start?

As a force against the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. Signup and view all the answers

Why was the US invasion of Iraq controversial?

Many did not agree that Iraq presented a terrorist threat. Signup and view all the answers

The Department of Homeland Security was created to?

Protect the United States from terrorist attacks. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Colonial Education in Africa

European powers avoided investing in education in African colonies to maintain control over uneducated populations.

Benefits to European Nations

European nations profited economically and politically from their African colonies through exploitation of resources and manpower.

Nigeria's Political Change

In 1999, Nigeria transitioned to civilian rule with the election of a civilian president after years of military dictatorship.

Ethnic and Religious Unrest in Nigeria

Nigeria experiences unrest primarily due to its diverse ethnic groups and religions, leading to conflicts and tensions.

First African Independence

Ghana was the first African country to gain independence from colonial rule.

Nigerian Civil War Casualties

The Nigerian Civil War resulted in numerous casualties due to the involvement of multiple factions.

Ghana's Path to Independence

Ghana's journey to independence commenced with Africans achieving a parliamentary majority.

Jomo Kenyatta's Favoritism

Jomo Kenyatta's favoritism towards the Kikuyu people during his rule led to dissatisfaction among other ethnic groups in Kenya.

Colonial Boundary Decisions

European colonial powers often disregarded African cultural divisions when creating territorial boundaries, prioritizing control over local interests.

Organization of African Unity

The Organization of African Unity is also known as the African Union, established to promote unity and cooperation among African nations.

Segregation in South Africa

In 1909, European settlers in South Africa instituted a parliamentary government that excluded the majority of citizens from participation.

Apartheid and Population

Under apartheid regulations, approximately 80% of South Africa's population faced restricted rights and segregation.

Nelson Mandela's Imprisonment

Nelson Mandela was arrested and imprisoned shortly after returning to South Africa from Algeria in 1964 to continue his anti-apartheid activism.

External Pressure on South Africa

The United States and European nations imposed sanctions on South Africa to pressure the government to end apartheid.

Segregation System in South Africa

European settlers established a systematic segregation that divided society in South Africa, laying the groundwork for apartheid.

Economic Consequences of Apartheid

Citizens categorized as Black experienced low living standards, banned property ownership, and a stagnant economy due to apartheid policies.

Timeline of Apartheid Events

Key events include the signing of the Population Registration Act, the Soweto Uprising, reforms by Frederik W. de Klerk, and Nelson Mandela’s ascent to the presidency.

Population Registration Act of 1950

The act established a classification system based on race, solidifying apartheid's institutional framework.

Mandela's Activism Strategy

Nelson Mandela expanded his resistance efforts in the 1960s by forming a division focused on sabotage against the apartheid government.

Arab-Israeli Conflict Origins

The declaration of Israel's statehood in 1948 triggered the first armed conflict between Arabs and Israelis.

Palestinian UN Membership Debate

Disagreements exist among nations regarding Palestinian membership in the United Nations.

Yom Kippur War Aggressors

Egypt and Syria launched attacks against Israel during the Yom Kippur War in 1973.

US-Egypt Peace Agreement

A peace agreement between Israel and Egypt was negotiated by the United States in 1979.

Balfour Declaration Impact

The Balfour Declaration supported the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine, escalating tensions with Arabs.

1948-1949 Arab-Israeli War Outcome

The war resulted in the displacement of thousands of Palestinians, creating a refugee crisis.

Palestinian Tactics in 1987

An intifada, or uprising, was a tactic used by Palestinians against Israeli rule in 1987.

Holocaust's Influence on Jewish Support

The Holocaust significantly increased international support for establishing a Jewish homeland in Palestine.

Yasir Arafat's Role

Yasir Arafat advocated for Palestinian independence by decreasing anti-Israeli violence and engaging constructively with the Israeli government.

1947 Palestine Division Conflict

The division of Palestine into Jewish and Arab states fueled Arab perceptions of land appropriation by Jews, exacerbating conflict.

Shah of Iran's Downfall

The shah of Iran was overthrown and exiled in the late 1970s amid growing dissatisfaction with his rule.

Arab Spring in Libya

The Arab Spring initiated an armed insurrection in Libya, leading to the overthrow and death of Moammar Gadhafi.

Mustafa Kemal's Reforms

Mustafa Kemal modernized Turkey, while Abd al-Aziz Ibn Saud focused on maintaining traditional values in Saudi Arabia.

Criticism of the Shah's Policies

Islamic clerics opposed the shah's Westernization efforts, which conflicted with traditional Islamic values.

Rise of Pan-Arabism

Pan-Arabism gained traction in the Middle East during the 1940s and 1950s as a response to increasing Western influence.

Saudi Arabia's Oil Discovery

The discovery of oil on the Arabian peninsula drew significant attention from Western nations in the 20th century.

Establishment of the Arab League

The Arab League was founded in 1945 to unify political objectives among Arab nations.

Hamas Organization Overview

Hamas is recognized as a Palestinian group opposing Israeli governance and policies in Palestine.

Changes Under Ayatollah Khomeini

Iran saw a shift to a system where religious leaders dictated national policies following Ayatollah Khomeini's rise to power.

Women's Rights Reform in Turkey

In the 1920s, Turkey granted women the right to vote, representing a major reform in gender equality.

Post-Gulf War Iraq Agreements

After the Persian Gulf War, Iraq agreed to eliminate long-range missiles and acknowledge Kuwait's independence.

al-Qaeda's Attacks on the US

By targeting the USS Cole, al-Qaeda aimed to transmit a violent message to the United States regarding its foreign policies.

Taliban's Control Timeline

The Taliban controlled Afghanistan until 2001, following their rise to power post-Soviet invasion.

Taliban's Rise from Chaos

The Taliban rose to power in Afghanistan by restoring order after internal conflict following the Soviet withdrawal.

Saddam Hussein's Use of Weapons

Saddam Hussein deployed weapons of mass destruction against Kurdish and Shiite groups that rebelled against his regime.

Saudi Concerns Over Iraq

Saudi Arabia feared an Iraqi invasion after Iraq's military action against Kuwait in pursuit of its oil resources.

al-Qaeda's Grievance Against the West

Al-Qaeda's animosity towards Western nations stemmed from their involvement in Middle Eastern geopolitics.

Origin of al-Qaeda

Al-Qaeda emerged in response to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, initially framing themselves as resistance fighters.

US Iraq Invasion Controversy

The invasion of Iraq was contentious due to widespread belief that Iraq did not pose a credible terrorist threat to the US.

Homeland Security Establishment

The US Department of Homeland Security was established to enhance protection against potential terrorist attacks.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the complex history of decolonization in Africa. This quiz features key questions that explore the reasons behind Europe's lack of investment in education in African colonies and the benefits enjoyed by European nations. Perfect for studying or reinforcing your understanding of this significant historical period.