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Questions and Answers
What led to the prevalence of deadlocks in computer systems?
What led to the prevalence of deadlocks in computer systems?
In which type of systems are deadlocks particularly critical?
In which type of systems are deadlocks particularly critical?
What type of resources are commonly involved in deadlocks?
What type of resources are commonly involved in deadlocks?
What can occur when jobs request and hold files for the duration of their execution?
What can occur when jobs request and hold files for the duration of their execution?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a deadlock?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a deadlock?
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What can occur when shareable resources are locked, such as disks and databases?
What can occur when shareable resources are locked, such as disks and databases?
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What is the primary cause of a deadlock in a spooling system?
What is the primary cause of a deadlock in a spooling system?
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What can lead to a deadlock in a network?
What can lead to a deadlock in a network?
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What is the primary characteristic of livelock?
What is the primary characteristic of livelock?
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Which of the following is a common consequence of a deadlock in a spooling system?
Which of the following is a common consequence of a deadlock in a spooling system?
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What is the primary reason for deadlocks in disk sharing?
What is the primary reason for deadlocks in disk sharing?
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What is the term used to describe a situation where a network becomes deadlocked due to congestion or filling a large percentage of its I/O buffer space?
What is the term used to describe a situation where a network becomes deadlocked due to congestion or filling a large percentage of its I/O buffer space?
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What is a consequence of locking only a subsection of the database?
What is a consequence of locking only a subsection of the database?
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In the scenario where two processes P1 and P2 need to update two records R1 and R2, what is the outcome of the deadlock sequence?
In the scenario where two processes P1 and P2 need to update two records R1 and R2, what is the outcome of the deadlock sequence?
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What is an alternative to using locks to preserve the integrity of the database?
What is an alternative to using locks to preserve the integrity of the database?
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What can occur when multiple processes access a shared resource, such as a database or a device?
What can occur when multiple processes access a shared resource, such as a database or a device?
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What is the main concern when using a group of dedicated devices?
What is the main concern when using a group of dedicated devices?
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What happens when two processes request each other's locked resources, leading to a deadlock?
What happens when two processes request each other's locked resources, leading to a deadlock?
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Study Notes
Deadlocks in Operating Systems
- Deadlocks became more prevalent with the introduction of interactive systems and dynamic resource sharing.
- Deadlocks can cause critical situations in real-time systems and the OS must prevent or resolve them.
Characteristics of Deadlocks
- Deadlocks occur when non-shareable, non-preemptable resources are allocated to jobs that require other locked resources.
- Deadlocks can also occur on shareable resources that are locked, such as disks and databases.
Seven Cases of Deadlock
Case 1: Deadlocks on File Requests
- Deadlocks can occur when jobs request and hold files for execution, leading to a deadlock.
Case 5: Deadlocks in Spooling
- Deadlocks can occur in spooling systems when no job has entire print output in the spool area, resulting in partially completed output for all jobs.
Case 6: Deadlocks in a Network
- Networks can become deadlocked if they don't have protocols to control message flow, leading to congested networks or filled I/O buffer space.
Case 7: Deadlocks in Disk Sharing
- Disks designed for sharing can create an active type of deadlock, known as livelock, due to busy-waiting processes.
Case 2: Deadlocks in Databases
- Locking subsections of a database can improve access time but increase the possibility of deadlocks.
- Locking individual records can also lead to deadlocks if multiple processes need to access the same record simultaneously.
- Deadlocks can occur when two processes (e.g., P1 and P2) need to update two records (e.g., R1 and R2) simultaneously, leading to a race between processes.
Case 3: Deadlocks in Dedicated Device Allocation
- The use of a group of dedicated devices can also deadlock the system.
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Description
Learn about deadlocks in spooling systems, where printer jobs get stuck due to disk space limitations. Understand how partially completed output for all jobs can lead to a deadlock. This quiz is based on the 6th edition of 'Understanding Operating Systems' and covers Case 5.
