Deadlocks in Network and Disk Sharing

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What is the consequence of deadlock in a computer system?

Jobs get blocked from resources and prevented from execution

Jobs are placed in the HOLD state

All system resources become unavailable (correct)

Infinite postponement of job

How is starvation different from deadlock?

Starvation is resolved via external intervention, while deadlock is resolved by infinite postponement of job

Starvation is caused by jobs waiting for unavailable vital resources, while deadlock involves jobs waiting for resources being held by another job

Starvation affects only a few programs, while deadlock affects the entire system (correct)

Starvation quickly becomes critical in real-time systems, while deadlock affects more than one job

Which of the following is an example of nonsharable/nonpreemptable resources that can lead to deadlock?

Real-time systems

Spooling

Databases (correct)

Interactive systems

In what way do deadlocks affect real-time systems differently from interactive systems?

Deadlocks quickly become critical in real-time systems, affecting more than one job Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between starvation and deadlock?

Starvation affects only a few programs, while deadlock leads to all system resources becoming unavailable Signup and view all the answers

In the context of disk sharing, what is a characteristic of deadlocks in multiple device allocation?

Two programs need two tape drives each, but there are only two tape drives in the system. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of deadlocks in databases?

One user locks out all other users while working with the database. Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome when locking is not used in a database?

It causes an incorrect final version of data depending on the process execution order. Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the spooling system fills the disk space area in a spooling deadlock?

No single job has the entire print output in the spool area, resulting in partially completed output for all jobs. Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of not resolving deadlocks in disk sharing?

Results in partially completed output for all jobs and incorrect final version of data. Signup and view all the answers

In Case 1, what is the deadlock sequence involving programs P1 and P2 and files F1 and F2?

P1 has access to F1 F2 and also requires F2 F1; P2 has access to F2 F1 and also requires F1 F2 Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of deadlock in Case 2 involving database records?

P1 accesses R1 and locks it; P2 accesses R2 and locks it; P1 requests R2 but locked by P2; P2 requests R1 but locked by P1 Signup and view all the answers

What is the deadlock sequence in Case 3 involving limited number of dedicated devices?

P1 requests tape drive 1 and gets it; P2 requests tape drive 2 and gets it; P1 requests tape drive 2 but blocked; P2 requests tape drive 1 but blocked Signup and view all the answers

In Case 4, what is the deadlock sequence involving programs P1, P2, and P3, and dedicated devices (tape drive, printer, plotter)?

P1 requests and gets tape drive; P2 requests and gets printer; P3 requests and gets the plotter; P1 requests printer but blocked; P2 requests plotter but blocked; P3 requests tape drive but blocked Signup and view all the answers

What type of deadlock occurs in the scenario where the spooling system fills disk space with incomplete print output for all jobs?

Deadlocks in spooling Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is NOT required for a deadlock to occur?

Interrupt-driven I/O Signup and view all the answers

In the context of disk sharing, what is a characteristic of deadlocks related to resource holding?

Holding resource and not releasing it Signup and view all the answers

How can a deadlock be resolved?

By preemption of resources Signup and view all the answers

In the scenario involving seven computers on a network, what leads to the deadlock sequence?

Limited buffer space Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between deadlock and livelock in a computer system?

Continuous execution without progress in livelock Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is necessary for deadlock to occur in a computer system?

Circular Wait Signup and view all the answers

What is the strategy for handling deadlocks that involves avoiding deadlock if it becomes probable?

Avoidance Signup and view all the answers

How can deadlock be prevented by ensuring that resources are never assigned exclusively to a single process?

Preempting resources from processes Signup and view all the answers

In the context of modeling deadlocks using directed graphs, what does a cycle in the graph represent?

Processes waiting for resources held by each other Signup and view all the answers

What is the scenario where there is no deadlock because resources are released before the next process request?

Scenario one Signup and view all the answers