18 Questions
What is the central sensitization hypothesis associated with trigger points?
It involves the release of calcium from intracellular stores leading to muscle contracture.
Which hypothesis suggests that trigger points arise from fibrotic scar tissue formation?
Fibrotic Scar Tissue Hypothesis
According to the integrated hypothesis, what causes the rupture of the sarcoplasmic reticulum?
Trauma or a marked increase in acetylcholine release
Which hypothesis attributes trigger points to muscle lesions and myofilament activation without electrical activity?
Integrated Hypothesis
What is a characteristic feature of trigger points according to the Fibrotic Scar Tissue Hypothesis?
Altered muscle mechanics
How does the Microtrauma Hypothesis explain the development of trigger points?
Via accumulation of microtrauma from repeated muscle stress or strain
What is one factor that may contribute to the traumatic release of vasoneuroactive substances?
Increased levels of adrenaline
In the context of the integrated hypothesis, what perpetuates the contracture in muscle cells?
Elevated sarcoplasmic calcium concentration
What contributes to the increase in local energy demands within the integrated hypothesis?
Shortening of sarcomeres
How does elevated adrenaline levels impact pain receptors according to the text?
Increase their discharge rate
What effect does hypoxia-induced drop in ATP concentrations have on the calcium pump in muscle cells?
Impairs its function
Which factor contributes to increasing pain transmission and local oedema according to the text?
Bradykinin release
What phenomenon is described as the central nervous system becoming hypersensitive to pain signals?
Central sensitization hypothesis
Which hypothesis suggests that trigger points arise due to a dysfunctional interaction between motor nerves and muscle fibers?
Central sensitization hypothesis
What may lead to alterations in muscle spindle function?
Muscle overuse
Which hypothesis involves pain from muscle overuse, injury, and poor posture leading to a self-perpetuating cycle of spasm and pain?
Pain-spasm-pain cycle
Which hypothesis involves alterations in muscle spindles leading to abnormal sensory signaling and the development of trigger points?
Muscle spindle hypothesis
What is the phenomenon where the central nervous system becomes hypersensitive to pain signals?
Central sensitization hypothesis
Study Notes
Pain Cycle Hypothesis
- Pain-spasm-pain cycle is a self-perpetuating cycle of pain from muscle overuse, injury, or poor posture, leading to muscle spasm, and further pain and sensitization.
Muscle Spindle Hypothesis
- Muscle spindle dysfunction or altered sensitivity may contribute to the formation and maintenance of trigger points (TrPs) in muscles.
- Muscle overuse, trauma, or sustained muscle contraction can lead to alterations in muscle spindle function, causing abnormal sensory signaling and TrP development.
Neuropathic Hypothesis
- Trigger points may arise from a dysfunctional interaction between motor nerves and muscle fibers.
- Sustained muscle contraction or muscle overload can lead to TrP formation.
Central Sensitization Hypothesis
- Trigger points can result from a combination of peripheral nociceptive input and altered central pain processing.
- The central nervous system becomes hypersensitive to pain signals, leading to TrP formation.
Microtrauma Hypothesis
- Trigger points develop as a result of microscopic damage or injury to muscle fibers.
- Repeated stress or strain on the muscle can lead to microtrauma accumulation, causing TrP formation.
Fibrotic Scar Tissue Hypothesis
- Trigger points arise from the body's natural healing response to injury or trauma, leading to the formation of fibrotic scar tissue.
- Scar tissue can create areas of increased muscle tension, decreased flexibility, and altered muscle mechanics, contributing to TrP formation.
Integrated Hypothesis
- A muscle lesion can lead to the rupture of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, releasing calcium and causing muscle contracture.
- Local contracture leads to hypoxia, increasing oxygen consumption and causing pain transmission.
- Traumatic release of vasoneuroactive substances can contribute to pain transmission and compression of venules, enhancing ischemia and hypoxia.
- Hypoxia-induced drop in ATP concentrations impairs calcium pump function, perpetuating the contracture and setting up a "vicious cycle".
Test your knowledge on the hypotheses discussed by Dave Eibner, RMT and Jen Wright, RMT in the MSS3020 course. Explore concepts like Microtrauma Hypothesis and Fibrotic Scar Tissue Hypothesis related to trigger points in muscles.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
